Current World Environment

Introduction

In today's global movement, promoting democracy, justice, sustainability and social participation has become  around the world as a central axis in planning and political reform. When social groups are actively involved in planning and implementation, It is likely that the program needs, tastes and expectations of citizens and stakeholders be more harmonious ecological and social benefits to help them attain. According to Agenda 21, an essential prerequisite for achieving sustainable development, extensive public participation in decision making In particular, citizens' assemblies in the decisions that directly affect the life and work (Mahjabeen et al., 2008). Democracy requires that citizens be involved in the government, which depends on the participation of citizens (Kweit & Kweit, 2007). However, the role of people in the preparation, formulation and implementation of urban development projects are ignored or less attention. This has led to the failure of many local initiatives are distressed urban areas.

Materials and Methods

This Study is theoretical, descriptive, comparative and analytical and descriptive case study examples and research findings, survey and analysis. In the present study we used a set of methods. Data collection includes a library, in-depth interviews and field observations.

Theoretical Foundations of Research

Literature

Discussion of public participation in urban renewal and improvement for the first time in the late nineteenth century in England was introduced by Patrick Geddes. But due to (inflexible) planning system at the time, did not receive much attention. In 1969 Arnstain classification was introduced to the levels of participation presented. Meanwhile , Arthur Askfington report entitled "People and Planning", according to the report prepared for the British government, was planning should reflect the will of the people, and this is possible only if their participation (Zarabi & Tehrani, 2010). UK Labour Party's National Strategy for Neighborhood Renewal, such as the creation of user training, Users of health and local strategic partnerships with emphasis on the need for public participation in the planning and ownership of local communities to change and upheaval included (Pourahmad et al., 2001). and urban  activities from the 1970s on wards, it was more of an iterative method. Thus, interventions in distressed areas was protection of views purely physical reconstruction, regeneration, recreation and urban renaissance  Purely physical interventions are transformed to interventions with regard to social and human dimensions   and Finally,  in (regeneration) and urban renaissance, participation is one of the principal provisions in the context of interventions.

The proposed analytical model for collaborative editing process of renovation deteriorated urban areas: Renovation of urban distressed areas, several methods can be employed. But the most important thing in the success and sustainability of the project is  the acceptance of the proposal submitted by the residents and users of space.

For achieving this, the following entries are identified and their input during the design process can be designed more readily accepted and implemented.

In this study, Fist of all  the concept of effective components and distressed areas and their involvement could be examined .Then, participatory methods and techniques and finally combination of components and dimensions of participation and distressed areas by models and techniques-posed model is developed.  That The process is shown in Figure 1. To use this template, we can place the conditions and potentials and in consideration  the objective each project part of the pattern participation in various stages, was used(Farash Khiabani, 2012).

Figure1: The proposed analytical model for collaborative editing process of renovation deteriorated urban areas  Click here to View figure

Deteriorated Area

Deteriorated urban areas, are vulnerable due to physical exhaustion, poor access roadway access, services and facilities are vulnerable urban infrastructure, environmental and economic value lower And factors such as industrial structure and the price of housing and land, stop investing in public spaces, textures and rising unemployment have caused this crisis (Alpopi & Manole, 2013) Social justice, creation and development of environmentally safe, secure, and you want to live and the citizens in the enjoyment of life, goals and visions of the country that Without a doubt,  distressed urban areas, with problems of physical, social, economic, and have developed areas to be incompatible with the purpose (Zangiabadi et al., 2012).

General Aspects of Deteriorated Urban Areas

Economic and Financial Aspects

Depression activities, employment and income inappropriate situation of the residents, Low-income housing, and the economic value of land and low land price and low housing prices and halt construction in these areas

The Social, Cultural Aspects

Exit natives, increasing migration, reduction in the context of settlement (settlement  unstable terminal), an increase in social  abnormalities, creating a security crisis, the widening gap between the formation of social problems, creating a security crisis.

The Physical and Technical Aspects

Physical instability, Dense tissue, poor access, lack of community services, inefficiency and lack of infrastructure and utility services infrastructure and facilities, vulnerable to accidents and natural disasters

The environmental Aspects

Types of pollution, climate, audio-visual and the lack of vegetation and natural elements

The political , legal Aspects

Condominium obstacles such as logs, inheritance, and no evidence of some real estate, legal barriers such as stop and arrest and judicial records of some property, administrative barriers: lack of finish, unauthorized construction, etc.

management, Structural and Administrative Aspects

Due to organizational and managerial incompetence, inefficiency, plans, programs, practices and procedures and the lack of cooperation institutions (Andalib, 2014).

Experimental Aspects, Aesthetics

Exhaustion of body image perception and conception of the mind based product or a range ,Over time with changes in the environment, human, social, economic or natural, historical context without changing their proportion in the population today is lost to serve the needs.  The notion of a value judgment, and may in fact be no true essence (Teasdale, 2001) lack of tissue identity, a sense of lack of space, lack of understanding in the context Untouchable, non-satisfaction of human aesthetic sense, lack of vitality in the tissue.

Participation

Participation leads to empowerment of people and part of the development and promotion of empowerment. And in addition to the success of the Authority and its activities , the confidence, skills and knowledge that is part of the final product, increase (Abu Samah & Aref, 2009). Public participation, commitment and guidance people in the planning process to ensure that the most important issue in the development of future cities (Amado et al., 2009).

Realization empower the local community through activities, organization, leadership and capacity building in the local community has led to dramatic changes. Participatory and interactive approach, in addition to the above, the multi-agency effort is also included. The aim of thinking and collective action may sometimes lead to tension between institutions and organizations, but the view of the target as a  more consequence  prospective and another mode of urban management and urban knows rule. Working in partnership with several organizations to encourage greater participation and involvement in the affairs of the city,  the electoral system is complete (Pourahmad et al., 2001).

Renovation  Theorists Participatory Deteriorated Urban Areas

Of the first theorists to explain the principles of intervention in the context of the principle of participation of people have pointed out, is Lewis Mumford. Kevin Lynch and Jane Jekobez including scholars and theorists of the twentieth century in the field of rehabilitation and urban renewal have commented on Urban humanist. Lynch believed to be in the process of rehabilitation and urban renovation, planning and coordination with public participation and consultation with experts and public officials in the future. (Shamaei & Pourahmad, 2007). Jekobez Jane(1961), in the context of aging and old tissues in his so-called "chronic tissue problematic" neighborhood and  self-heading subject to the principle of human relations and public participation in the rehabilitation and re-emphasized (Pakzad, 2008). Christopher Alexander (1936) in relation to distressed areas of  cities and historical sites, in order to create organic, organs or structured schemas, the focus of widespread public participation (Pourjafar, 2010). The principles of such participation, order organic, sustainable balance   makes contemporary trace elements can be reached stable equilibrium and harmony with the economic, social, environmental believed (Habibi & Maghsoudi, 2008).The process and the participatory urban decay modernization theorists are shown in table 1.

Table1: Participatory Urban decay modernization theorists Source: authors

Collaborative Model

Participation motto (Participation slogan): It is not actually participate, claim to have been involved. Original intention nor the public interest, but the interest is planning authorities and the main reason for resorting to participate to earn recognition for design and reduce people's resistance against it and, therefore, ease of implementation is the intention of the limited partnership, the public interest, to the extent planning authorities will not conflict with the interests of the people .the main objective of real participation, providing maximum benefit and satisfaction of the public. Limited partnership (Limited partnership): The main intention is where the public interest and the interests of the client program does not find the conflict. People have commented on the opposition, but can not monitor the implementation of their ideas. Participation in this kind of information usually comes from the bottom. Support this kind of participation is functional viewpoint and technocratic approaches.

Actual participation (Actual participation): The main intention of providing maximum satisfaction of the public interest and the costs of this plan are financed by the government or organization.

This type of information sharing, interaction and is very active and public authorities in both planning and information with each other. Intellectual support this kind of participation, democratic, liberal views and direct participation (Saeedi Rezvani &  Habibi, 2006).The kind models of partnership source are shown in table 2

Table2: Models of partnership Source: authors According to the interpretation of : (Schlossberg & Elliot, 2005), (Rosemary & Blamey, 1999: 20-21)   And (Pimbert & Pretty, 1995: 21), (Arnstain, 1969), (Saeedi Rezvani & Habibi, 2006) and (Driskell, 2002).

Participatory Methods in the world

The process of changing in methods of participatory action are shoen in table 3. In this table gain the kind methods of participatory and can see all of them in one table

Table3: Methods of participatory action  Source: Farash Khiabani, 2012:57 Click here to View table

Renovation of Participatory Methods in Iran

To achieve the patterns of participation, on the basis of the studied samples and targets, selection of appropriate models is needed.

This part of the research methods employed in the modernization partnership in Iran, on Jul 4, acquisitions-are examined and are shown in table 4.

Table4: Renovation of participation in Source: authors

Table5: Analytical Model source: authors

In general it can be said with regard to the theory presented in the projects implemented in Iran intentions, interests mainly planners and employers, The participation, funding schemes and look into partnerships generally, as an instrument to legitimize is the scheme . The project does not take place in a poll of citizens, citizens' right to protest and monitoring plan, there is no information flow is mostly one-sided. So what is certain to achieve a true partnership limited partnership, and finally, passing through partnerships motto seems necessary. In this paper, we examined the involvement of a variety of methods, but must be acknowledged The results of each method will be successful only if the people and their participation in her first letter. More research into the types of participatory methods in developing analytical model considered in order to identify priorities and parameters affecting dimensions The revival of urban forms of participatory methods available are expressed.

Collaborative Tools

In general, there are many collaborative tools based on the aim of the partnership and the extent and method of operation, Each tool can be used for something good ,This study involved a number of tools that are aimed more to work on. Interviews, questionnaires, making three-dimensional models to create a collective memory, using photos and videos

Clues Goliyor

The activity of a large map (scale 250/1 to 500/1) and displayed in the local area evenly. This activity within ten days at one of the public and visible (such as a shopping center or a center for public gatherings) do result, Map placed on the ground and the people invited to bring their shoes and sit cross-legged on the map and their opinions on the base. As the map is filled with comments, photos taken from near the surface map. This paper focuses on a map called "Traces Goliyor" named individual or group memories and concepts to different sites in local urban settlements linked (Driskell, 2002).

Painting

To do this, the researcher recommended to start his career with a central question Such as: "Can you please draw a painting of the area in which you live and places to go and it is important for you to show?" Remember that a painting is like a map, however, encourage participants to focus on the public and semi-public. After finishing the painting, take notes, including the various stages of painting what was What is the element that extends to the end of the painting, which place more emphasis on what is and what limits obvious in seem (Driskell, 2002)

Results and Discussion

Conceptual Model

According to what was stated in the previous study, it becomes clear -For intervention in distressed areas of the various aspects, including economic, political - a program-management, social, cultural, physical, Land use and infrastructure, environmental and conceptual - aesthetic is considered In each of the methods of participatory approaches from global experiences in Iran, is, Areas of intervention and appropriate tools to achieve full participation and applied. Thus, the following model is presented in Table 5. The hope is that the application of a participatory intervention with regard to the most important aspects of distressed urban areas, And impact indicators as well as the involvement and participatory methods and tools used in the implementation.

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