mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/studies-on-fungal-strains-of-selected-regions-of-ludhiana-and-their-biochemical-characterization/ 2014-04-09 2018-12-19 IntroductionIn a world dazzled by scientific discoveries and technological advances leading to better living standards, the negative consequence of such developments are beginning to emerge and come into focus. Microorganisms perform their metabolic processes rapidly and with remarkable specificity under ambient conditions, catalyzed by their diverse enzyme mediated reactions. Enzyme alternatives to harsh chemical technologies has led to intensive exploration of natural microbial biodiversity to

..]]> Conservation methods often are focused on maintaining the biodiversityof a specific landscape or ecosystem. Scientist’soften provide species richness as an indicator of biodiversity. However,species richness data are problematic when attempts are madeto enumerate microfungi, particularly those from the soil. Manysoil fungi fail to sporulate, making identification difficult.Other means of assessing the importance of fungi to ecosystempreservation must be developed. Otherwise, microfungi mightbe

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/land-subsidence-monitoring-using-geographic-information-system-gis-techniques-in-akwa-ibom-state-nigeria/ 2014-03-26 2018-12-19 Introduction Increasing population and anthropogenic activities have brought about many environmental problems globally. One of such problems is land subsidence described as  the gradual  differential settling or sudden sinking of the ground surface due to the movement of ground materials.1,2 Land subsidence is generally caused by human activities, alterations to the earth’s surface and underground geologic processes. Specific causes include: Underground m

..]]> Akwa Ibom state of Nigeria is susceptible to subsidence as a result of complex interaction between anthropogenic activities and natural processes. As an area of subterranean fluid extraction, the study arose because of the need for subsidence monitoring so as to minimize the anticipated resultant risk. The study utilized  water extraction data that was linked to an existing data base of the study area. To obtain the subsidence susceptibility index, the total water extraction data for ea

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/assessment-of-trace-elements-levels-in-sediment-and-water-in-some-artisanal-and-small-scale-miningasm-localities-in-ghana/ 2014-03-24 2018-12-19 Introduction The contribution of mining  to the economy of many countries is enormous. The mining industry contributes much to exports and acts as one of the major sources of employment for mankind. The mining industry is made up of both the large-scale mining and the artisanal and small-scale mining(ASM) sectors. ASM, which is referred to in the Ghanaian parlance as 'galamsey' contributed 23 percent of total gold production in 2010

..]]> The concentrations of eight trace elements, Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg) and  arsenic(As)   in sediment and water  were assessed in four artisanal and small-scale mining(ASM) localities in the Amansie West District (6°28′N 1°53′W) of Ghana along two river courses from  May 2011to July 2011. Triplicate water and sediment samples were randomly taken at five d

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/distribution-of-sand-particles-along-the-shoreline-of-lake-biwa-in-shiga-prefecture-and-considerations-from-lake-biwa-and-seto-inland-sea-japan/ 2014-03-07 2018-12-19 Introduction Sand beaches and sand-bottomed shallow sea areas form important habitat for fishes, shellfishes, shrimps, crabs and the larvae of some insects because these zones are rich in dissolved oxygen, which these species depend upon for respiration.1 Therefore sand beaches are important for fish and biodiversity. In contrast, bays and harbors with vertical sea walls tend to have more bottom sediments and levels of dissolved oxygen that are lower than those found in these shallow

..]]> The development of sand littoral zones is critical to supporting specific species in lakes and oceans. The construction of dams on rivers changes the distribution of sediments in littoral zones, and the relationship between dam construction on rivers, the inflow of small particles and increased eutrophication and red tide occurrences was demonstrated for Lake Biwa using public data. Many dams were constructed on rivers around Lake Biwa after the Second World War, and the old and new Araizeki dam

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/measuring-consumers-environmental-responsibility-a-synthesis-of-constructs-and-measurement-scale-items/ 2014-03-26 2018-12-19 Introduction Consumption is considered to be central to all production. It is used as an indicator to measure the well-being of individuals and household and to improve the quality of life (Magrabi, 1991).  However, without proper management, production along with consumption is the main sources of environmental problems (Haronet al., 2005). The reason for this is that the by-products of most consumption are pollution and a fall in the usefulness of energy materials for future consum

..]]> It is universal that central to all production is consumption. Without proper management, production along with consumption is likely to be the main sources of environmental problems. This very reality calls for consumers to be environmentally responsible in their consumption behavior. The objective of this paper is to prepare a synthesis of all the possible factors and measurement scale items to be used for assessing consumers’ environmental responsibility. For making such synthesis,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/capital-saving-towards-achievement-of-inter-temporal-sustainable-development/ 2014-02-25 2018-12-19 Introduction Various growth and development models have been evolving since the time of classical economics, but the factors of development and priority issues of a nation vary throughout school of thoughts. The past schools of economic thought gave a due emphasis for economic development marginalizing the non-economic issues. They compromised the trade-off relationship between economic development and natural resource depletion. According to their view, growth is ‘first’

..]]> Since the time immemorial, saving has been considered as a major driving factor for the prosperity of household and the development of countries. Traditionally, the inter-temporal concept of saving is limited to one’s life span irrespective of next generation. Development is, however, not considered as sustainable unless it has inter-generational and societal stand. This paper intends to show how capital saving is crucial factor for sustainable economic development. Thus the paper deve

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/heavy-metals-in-street-dust-in-sarajevo-area-bosnia-and-herzegovina/ 2013-03-30 2018-12-19 Introduction Urban deposits, street dusts, and gully sediments are useful indicators of the level and distribution of heavy metal contamination in the surface environment (Divrikli et al., 2003, Duzgoren-Aydin et al., 2006). Road dust originates from the interaction of solid, liquid and gaseous materials which are produced from different sources and deposited on a road (Atiemo et al., 2006). Street dusts are those materials which collect on paved roads. Concentrations of heavy metals in such

..]]> Heavy metal pollutant in urban street dust has become a growing concern in recent years. Street dust samples from urban and suburban areas were collected from the Sarajevo area, Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the spring season of 2013. Samples were collected from low and high-density traffic roads, industrial zones, parks, parking places, hospitals and local health centers, school gardens. The levels of heavy metals of street dusts were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/culture-driven-mortality-in-caspian-seal-pusa-caspica-at-southern-fringe-of-caspian-sea/ 2014-04-18 2018-12-19 Introduction    The Caspian seal (Pusa caspica) is one of the smallest members of the earless seal family; uniquely found in brackish waters of Caspian Sea. They can be found not only along the shorelines, but also on the many rocky islands, and floating blocks of ice that dot the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea is characterized by different variations in its base level during the late Cenozoic period, and provides important sources for long-term records of regional climate du

..]]> Caspian seal (Pusa caspica)  is countered as a unique, endangered species, restricted only to the Caspian Sea. High death rate of Caspian seal has been reported owing to chemical infections, extreme concentration of chemical trace elements, organochlorine pollutants, etc. Among numerous possible reasons for mortality of Caspian seals,   the role of culture in mortality has always been less-noticed.Accordingly, the present study was put forth by studying the culture of

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/aquatic-insects-biodiversity-and-water-quality-parameters-of-receiving-water-body/ 2014-01-13 2018-12-19 Introduction Water is one of man’s most important natural resources. Most living organisms in this biosphere can not survive for long periods without water. As the amount of freshwater on the earth is limited, the importance of surface water quality assessment should be considered. Because of a concern for human health and the habitat of aquatic life, global awareness in the maintenance of a clean water world, many people have come to realize the importance of clean surface water

..]]> Biodiversity of aquatic insect and physicochemical water quality parameters in receiving water bodies in Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom Province, central Thailand were assessed during October 2010 to September 2011. Seven sampling stations, each 100 m long, were established. Three replicates of samplings by aquatic D-net were used at sampling sites. A total of 4,257 individual of aquatic insect were collected during one year. Six Orders and 12 families were recorded i

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/an-evaluation-of-water-quality-from-siahrod-river-haraz-river-and-babolrood-river-by-nsfwqi-index/ 2014-04-18 2018-12-19 Introduction The increased use of water resources, unnatural manipulation and changes in river water quality have been increased. In all around the world, human activities have profound effects on rivers and lakes. Rivers are exposed to large amounts of household wastewater, industrial swages, agricultural swages, mine wastes, urban wastewater, radioactive materials, pesticides and numerous other contaminants (Wongsupapa, C., et al., 2009) The first step for keeping river water quality a

..]]> In many countries such as Iran, social and industrial developments changed the qualitative characteristics of the river`s water quality and leads to excessive pollution.The first step for river water quality management is obtaining information on changes of river water quality in dimensions of time and place and also, determination of major sources of pollutants. WQI is a mathematical and statistical tool for conversion of quantitative values of large quantity of water quality data into single n

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/phytoremediation-of-petroleum-contaminated-soils-around-isfahan-oil-refinery-iran-by-sorghum-and-barley/ 2014-02-28 2018-12-19 Introduction Environmental contamination following the use of various pollutants by humans has caused critical environmental problems throughout the world. In Iran, for instance, oil-contaminated soils and waters around oil fields and refineries have turned into major concerns. Oil-based contaminants in soil can threaten human and animal health by either entering the food chain or leaching into groundwater resources (Khan, 2005). The perception of existing environmental problems has led to nu

..]]> Petroleum compounds are one of the most frequently encountered pollutants in soils adjacent to oil refineries. Phytoremediation,where feasible, has become a cost-effective alternative to physicochemical methods of soil remediation. In this study, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were selected for phytoremediationand the diminution in the concentration of oil-based contaminants was measured during a 90-day period. Contaminated and control treatments were compared in terms of

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/biological-risk-assessment-of-automobile-companies-a-case-study-of-saipa-as-the-second-largest-iranian-car-manufacturer/ 2014-03-06 2018-12-18 Introduction Human being has afallible naturewhose mistakesare inevitable. Thereby, from ancient timespeopleare looking forwaysto reducetheirriskoferrors.In other words,  by improving workplace conditions,  well-designing the equipment, and adopting appropriate strategies, the risk-generating factors should be minimize as much as possible(Ahmadi 2005b). Prior to 1931, safety experts tend to focus on physical  strategies such as machine guards, regardless of discipli

..]]> In every careers and fields there are cases that known as risk and places that are categorized in biological risk centers that can be classified into specific classes. In HSE field also there are risk centers that can be indentified and validated separately and specifically.In definition; places and situation that are capable of existing or creating risk or can be a potential source of making risk are named risk centers. Risk centers in hygiene, immunity, and environment are different and have i

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/prospect-of-neemplantation-at-arafat-saudi-arabia/ 2013-02-22 2018-12-19 Introduction Neem (Azadirachta indicaA.Juss.) tree is very important culturally, medicinally and pesticidally and has gained worldwide recognition for its pharmaceutical and pesticide The Neemtree is a fast growing plant that belongs to mahogany family (Meliaceae)and can reach a height of 15–20 metres, rarely to 35–40 metres. It is evergreen, but in severe drought it may shed most or nearly all of its leaves. The branches are wide and spreading.

..]]> Neem (Azadirachta indicaA.Juss.) is a multipurpose agroforestry tree that is well adapted to a wide range of climatic and soil conditions and has gained worldwide recognition for its pharmaceutical and pesticidal properties.The world's largest pure Neem plantations are available in the plains of Arafat, Saudi Arabia where 50,000 thousands Neem trees were planted to provide shade from the blazing summer sun for the millions of Hajis (Muslim pilgrims). Sporadic mature Neem trees are also f

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/biochemical-and-photosynthetic-evaluation-of-responses-in-zea-mays-l-under-drought-stress/ 2014-03-11 2018-12-19 Introduction Drought stress is considered as one of the most important environmental factors that causes osmotic stress, limiting plant growth and development. Different pathways can also be affected differently. At the whole plantlevel, the effect of drought stress is usually perceived as a decreasein photosynthesis and growth (Asada, 1997), and is associated with alterationsin C and N metabolism. Furthermore, the imposition of bioticand abiotic stress conditions can give rise to excess conc

..]]> Antioxidant defense system(s), pigments content and photosynthetic activity as well as some biochemical changes under drought stress were analyzed in maize (Zea mays L. cv. Giza 21) leaves to determine the response of  plant to drought stress and to elucidate the role of various protective mechanisms against oxidative stress. It was found that the application of drought stress led to changes in the carbohydrates and protein contents. Total soluble sugars, accumulated in the leaves of wa

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/bacteriological-indicators-on-the-environment-and-in-human-health/ 2014-03-13 2018-12-19  Introduction In Mexico,water pollution (as a public health problem)is derived fromthe irregular and deficient sewage system that most of the times affect low-income people, and low social and economic classes; this influences the development of health problems such as diarrhea diseases,1 specialty among children who are under five years old2-6 that is one factor that determines death in this country.1,2,3,4 In Mexico, one etiological agent corresponds to rotavirus (80%), and bacteri

..]]> Background.Mexico has public health problems due to its inadequate systems for sewage treatment, sanitation means and low income and economic levels, which influence the increase of disease manifestation. Objective.Determine seasonal variations, frequency and distribution of enterobacteriaairborne aerosols incoming from “San Juan de Dios” River. It is worth mentioning that, these bacteria possess antimicrobial and heavy metals resistance, such as to Pb, Cr, and Cd, and their

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/algal-bloom-in-aquatic-ecosystems-an-overview/ 2014-02-17 2018-12-19 Introduction All algae are not green and could be observed in a range of colors depending on the dominant pigment in their cells (Imamura et al. 2013). For example, if the chlorophyll a is dominant pigment, then the alga color will tend to green.  Orange and red algae contain high level of carotene pigment. Micro-algae are in tow forms of Phytoplankton and Periphyton. Phytoplankton live in water column suspendedly while Periphyton survive through connection to the stones, sediment, s

..]]> Algae play an important role in all aquatic ecosystems by providing all living organisms of water bodies with preliminary nutrients and energy required. However, abnormal and excessive algal growth so-called algal bloom would be detrimental as much. Given the importance of algae in aquatic environment as well as their sensitivity to environmental changes, algal measurements are of key components of water quality monitoring programs.  The algal blooms could include a variety of adverse i

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/biodegradable-hydrogels-based-on-alginate-for-control-drug-delivery-systems/ 2014-03-07 2018-12-19 Introduction Among the diverse approaches that are possible for modifying polysaccharides, grafting of synthetic polymer is a convenient method to add new properties to a polysaccharide with minimum loss of the initial properties of the substrate. Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto polysaccharides using free radical initiation has attracted the interest of many scientists. Up to now, considerable works have been devoted to the grafting of vinyl monomers onto the substrates, special

..]]> In this work, synthesis and swelling behavior of a superabsorbent hydrogel based on alginate and polyacrylamide (PAAm) was investigated. the structure of the product was established using FTIR and SEM spectroscopies.The alginate-polyacrylamide hydrogel exhibited a pH-responsive swelling-deswelling behavior at pH’s 3 and 9. This on-off switching behavior provides the hydrogel with the potential to control delivery of bioactive agents.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/extent-of-nitrate-and-nitrite-pollution-in-ground-water-of-rural-areas-of-lucknow-u-p-india/ 2014-01-21 2018-12-19 Introduction Healthy soil, clean water and air are the soul of life. Soil, water and air are no longer clean and pure, today pose human health risks. Comprising over 70% of the Earth's surface water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. It is essential for everything on our planet to grow and prosper. Water pollution remains one of the most visible and persistent signs of our impact on the natural world. Gomti river in Lucknow city in India, rece

..]]> The present world is facing problems with a wide variety of pollutants. Water pollution is a major global problem. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily in Lucknow Capital of  Uttar Pradesh in India.Nitrate and Nitrite pollution is one of groundwater's most commonly identified contaminants, an indicator of  serious pollution as they are associated with sept

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/is-effective-and-structured-training-key-to-successful-biomedical-waste-management-in-hospital-a-study/ 2014-02-27 2018-12-19 Introduction  The biomedical waste which is generated from various types of healthcare facilities and if not managed properly then give rise to considerable environmental pollution. The untreated waste poses significant health risk to patients, visitors, care givers and community as a whole. the waste generated in hospital has been categories in various subtypes like1 of the total waste 85% is non infectious while 10% is infectious and 5% hazardous.2  Development of infec

..]]> The study is interventional in nature because the training has been done as an intervention. The study was done to find out the impact of training on knowledge level of the hospital staff who is dealing with biomedical waste on day to day basis. The study was conducted on 184 staff members during July-Sept 2012 in multispecialty tertiary care hospital. The survey form was prepared and was applied to all participants in person before and after the training was conducted. The training programme on

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/jatropha-curcas-l-a-predominant-panacea-for-energy-security-and-climate-change/ 2014-03-15 2018-12-19 Introduction It is not very common to hear states and their leaders criticized for mixing “oil and politics." Oil together with coal and natural gas supply about 88 % of the world's energy needs. Crude oil prices are likely to increase over the long term as fossil reserves diminish and global demand increases, particularly in the newly emerging economies of Asia and Latin America.In view of growing interest for renewable energy sources, liquid bio-energy production

..]]> The paper considers Jatropha plant as alternative source of biofuel and sustainable option to mitigate damages caused by climate change on environment. As nonrenewable sources of energy gets depleted other sources starts to unearth by considering all techniques prevailing today. Though Jatropha is under domestication and there are number of constrains that hindering its improvement, it is most viable and widely accepted biodiesel producing species. Being very less demanding plant there is knowle

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/decadal-variation-in-microflora-and-fauna-in-10-water-bodies-of-bhopal-madhya-pradesh/ 2014-02-06 2018-12-19 Introduction Water is the basic and primary need of all vital life processes. Ever since the pre-historic times, man has been intimately associated with water and the evidences of past civilization that all historic human settlements were developed around inland freshwater resources have conclusively proved it. Even today, it is the major consideration for all socio-economic cultural, industrial and technological developments. Besides drinking, water is also used for fish and aquaculture, irr

..]]> Bhopal, the capital of Madhya Pradesh is gifted with number of water resources of multiple uses. However most of the water bodies have shrunken because of siltation, illegal land filling, conversion, and encroachment. The combination of all these factors ultimately resulted in deterioration of water quality and loss of species. The present study therefore was undertaken to evaluate the impact of urbanization on water quality and bio-diversity of the 10 lakes and wetlands situated within the muni

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/effect-of-mobile-phone-radiation-on-nodule-formation-in-the-leguminous-plants/ 2014-03-17 2018-12-19 Introduction Cell phone technology is the most common telecommunication in India. Due to its advantages, cell phone technology has grown exponentially in the last some years. Currently there are about 50 Crore cell phone users and 4.4 lakh cell phone towers in India. Radiation emitted from cell phone give a harmful effect on both plants and animals. These are mainly of two types-thermal radiations and non-thermal radiations. Thermal radiations are similar to microwave-oven. Non-thermal radiat

..]]> During the last decade, there has been a widespread increase in the usage of mobile phones which resulted in an increase in electromagnetic radiations in the environment. These radiations have harmful effect on both plants and human being. A study was conducted to explore the effects of these radiations on the plants. The radiation emitted from mobile phones show effect on the early growth and biochemical changes in the emerging seedlings of Pisum sativum (Pea) and Trigonella foenumgraecum (Fenu

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/evaluating-different-weeds-for-phytoremediation-potential-available-in-tannery-polluted-area-by-conducting-pot-and-hydroponic-experiments/ 2014-02-28 2018-12-19 Introduction Current state of environment is degrading on day to day basis because of increased anthropogenic activities and further disposal of wastesgenerated to land and rivers leading to major pollution of soil and groundwater. The industrial practices also lead to the release of various heavy metals into the soil (Mattigod and Page 1983). Pollution may be defined as the adverse effect caused due to disruption of equilibrium of an ecosystem, which further results an adverse effects on the

..]]> The pot experiments were conducted to determine and compare the toxic effects of Chromium, Copper, Cadmium, Nickel and Lead on different parameters like shoot length, number of branches and area of leaf on different wild weedCannabis sativa, Solanumnigrum and Chenopodium album. The investigated amounts of metal were in the range of 7 different concentrations i.e. 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 350 ppm.The average toxicity increases with increase in the concentration of meta

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/status-of-aquatic-species-diversity-of-selected-wetlands-in-district-hisar-a-case-study-of-haryana-india/ 2014-03-17 2018-12-19 Introduction Biodiversity refers to the variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are the part (Convention on biological diversity, UNEP, 1992). Hosetti (2002) has described it as the library of life, i.e., variety of all genes, species of microorganisms, plants animals and ecosystems that are found on our planet. India has rich biodiversity as it lies at the juncti

..]]> The present study was intended to record the biodiversity status of selected village ponds in district Hisar (Haryana) from August, 2012 to July, 2013. Periodic fortnightly visits were carried out to determine the species composition and distribution pattern of birds, phytoplankton and zooplankton. A total number of17 species of birds belonging to 9 orders (Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, Ciconiformes, Coraciifomes, Cuculiformes, Gruiformes, Passeriformes, Pelecaniformes and Psittaciformes) were

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/carbon-percent-in-different-components-of-tree-species-and-soil-organic-carbon-pool-under-these-tree-species-in-kashmir-valley/ 2014-04-12 2018-12-19 Introduction Trees play a vital role in mitigating the diverse effects of environmental carbon degradation and increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Trees promote sequestration of carbon into soil and plant biomass. Therefore tree based land use practices could be viable alternatives to store atmospheric carbon dioxide due to their cost effectiveness, high potential of carbon uptake and associated environmental as well as social benefits (Dhruw et al., 2009). Increasin

..]]> Carbon is a critical element that treesaccumulate and use to support their structure and sustain physiological processes. Besides being a key element in forest ecosystems, carbon is also essential for sustaining life on a global scale. The study attempted to quantify carbon per cent in different tree components of Cedrus deodara, Fraxinus floribunda and Ulmus wallichiana,an important tree species of Kashmir valley were planted in plantation block of Faculty of Forestry at Sher-e-Kashmir Universi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/larval-morphology-and-development-of-tree-frog-polypedates-teraiensis-dubois-1987/ 2014-02-17 2018-12-19 Introduction Anurans having a biphasic life cycle, breed in a variety of water bodies ranging from lentic to lotic water bodies. Anuran tadpoles exhibit structural diversities that are associated with their habitat, foraging behaviour and predator avoidance. The tree frog Polypedates teraiensis is a common rhacophorid breeding between April to August in north east India and is known to deposit eggs in the foam nest. There are at least six species of Polypedates currently recognized in north-e

..]]> The life history of the tree frog Polypedates teraiensis was studied by raising eggs   under laboratory condition. The breeding of Polypedates teraiensis is normally seen during monsoon between the month of April to August. However, during the present study eggs in foam nests were collected from April upto September in 2012. Observations on larval development, stage and size at hatching and larval duration was studied and is being presented here. The larvae are oval and depress

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/effect-of-catchment-area-activities-on-the-physico-chemical-characteristics-of-water-of-upper-lake-bhopal-with-special-reference-to-nitrate-and-phosphate-concentration/ 2014-02-22 2018-12-19 Introduction The construction of storage reservoirs is an age old Practice in India. Upper Lake of Bhopal, arguably the oldest among the largest manmade lakes in central part of India, falls under this category.  The study area selected was Upper Lake of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. It is the life line of Bhopal created by Raja Bhoj in eleventh century. The Upper Lake is located between latitude 23º12' - 23º16' N and longitude 77º18' - 77

..]]> With the tremendous influx of people and consequent urban development, increased anthropogenic activities in the catchment, inflow of untreated sewage, nutrients and pesticides from urban and rural areas, the water quality of Upper Lake, Bhopal has deteriorated significantly. An attempt has been made to study various physico – chemical parameters, specifically nitrates and phosphates of five different sampling sites of Upper Lake and to study the effect of catchment area activities on

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/determination-of-fluoride-in-rural-parts-of-kapadwanj-region-district-khedagujarat/ 2014-03-31 2018-12-19 Introduction Fluoride in ground water is due to fluorspar, cryolite, fluorspatite and hydroxylapatite .Excess fluoride consumption affects plants and animals. The fluoride accumulation of ground water varies according also have an adverse effect on tooth enamel and may give rise to mild dental Fluorosis.3 Longer exposure to fluoride leads to certain types of bone diseases4,5 also. Statistics reveal that fluoride poisoning is more spread than the Arsenic contamination in ground water in

..]]> Analysis of well and bore well water samples for fluoride from eighteen sampling stations of Kapadwanj(Rural area) for a period of one year( 2012) during different seasons has been carried out. The analysis of different parameters namely- temperature, pHTDS and Fluoride was carried out as per standard methods. The results were compared with the values stipulated by Indian standards for drinking water . It was found that the fluoride content of all the samples obtained was well below the permissi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/on-a-new-species-of-phyllodistomum-braun-1899-digenea-gorgoderidae-a-parasite-of-fresh-water-fish-channa-punctatus-bl-from-betwa-river-bundelkhand-region-jhansi-u-p-india/ 2014-03-26 2018-12-19 Introduction Fishes are important animals in ecosystem. They are useful item of human food as well as the source of income. Fishes are important for providing nourishment to poultry and cattle, and also useful for producing a high quality of manure especially for citrus plant, as a source of nitrogen and phosphate. The present study was aimed that determining the intestinal digenetic trematodes found in fishes of Betwa riverof Bundelkhandregion, Jhansi. This paper includes the description of

..]]> The present paper deals with a new species of genus Phyllodistum Braun, 1899. Phyllodistomum betwaensis sp.n. is reported from fresh water fish Channa punctatus (Bl.) from Betwa river, Bundelkhand region,Jhansi. It differs from all the earlier reported species in having the body of fluke is spatulate and dorso-ventrally flattened; anterior portion of body is long and curved while posterior portion of body is broad; slightly curved, tubular oesophagus: ventral sucker oval and larger than oral suc

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/studies-on-sediment-chemistry-of-river-yamuna-with-special-reference-to-industrial-effluents-in-yamunanagar-india/ 2014-03-24 2018-12-19 Introduction Global climate change and continues over load of pollution along with effluents from different industries have attracted various researchers to analyse the geochemical studies of river system (Torimanet al., 2009, Gashiet al., 2009). India has ten major river systems among which Yamuna is the largest tributary river of Ganges in north India (Negiet al., 1991).Yamuna nagar (300 6’ N latitude and 770 17’ E longitude) is an important industrial city of Haryana.Al

..]]> A study on sediment chemistry and water quality index of river Yamuna was conducted to understand the overall quality of river. Three sampling stations were selected: Station Y1 at the upstream of the river before the influx of effluents, Station Y2 at the point of influx and Station Y3 at 5 kilometres downstream from station Y2. The results showed the increasing values of pH, alkalinity, chloride and organic matter from station Y1 to Y2. Calculation of water quality index also categories statio

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/impact-of-iron-and-steel-slag-on-crop-cultivation-a-review/ 2013-02-25 2018-12-19 Introduction Slag is generated during iron and crude steel production.Its use in different application, such as in agriculture, reduces landfill slag and preserves natural resources. The main problem concerning the utilization of steel slag in agriculture consists of the possible leaching of heavy metals. The metals uptake by the plants is affected by the soil properties. For example the Cr and V contents into potatoes are reduced in soils with higher content of organic matter and with a heavy

..]]> This review paper addresses the issuesto analyze the impacts of Iron and Steel slag on crop cultivation. The use of steel slag in agriculture produces not only economic but also ecological advantages. The value of silicon (Si) application for rice (Oryzasativa) has been demonstrated when soil soluble Si is low.Impact of solid waste on crop cultivation depends on the availability and quantity of different constituents like PH, Ammonia, Nitrites, Nitrates, Permanganate Value (PV), Biochemical Oxyg

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/comparative-studies-of-physico-chemical-properties-of-the-roadside-soil-at-morena-m-p/ 2014-01-08 2018-12-19 Introduction Around the world the transport sector, which includes automobiles, trucks, trains, ships and aeroplanes is contributing ever increasing shares of the total air pollution burden. The pollution of soils by heavy metals from automobile sources is a serious environmental issue. Results show that roadside soil near motorways is heavily polluted by heavy metals from automobiles.1-2 Changes in the composition of the urban atmosphere are caused largely by traffic induced polluta

..]]> The quality of roadside soil along the NH3 highway of high traffic density at Morena- M.P. was studied during 2010-11 at 12 different locations. The roadside soil was found to be highly contaminated. This is evident from the modification of the soil pH, Electrical conductance, Water holding capacity and other Physico-chemical properties when compared to natural soil. The presence of heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe in the roadside soil was also considerable.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol9no1/a-study-on-the-wastewater-treatment-from-antibiotic-production/ 2014-04-01 2018-12-19 Introduction The growing use of pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics worldwide, classified as the so-called emerging pollutants, has become a new environmental problem, which has raised great concern among scientists in the last few years. Wastewater from cephalosporin antibiotic production has complicated components, where organic substances and soluble or colloid solid substances are all at a high level with a great deal of suspended matter, and pH value varied often, contains biological tox

..]]> Wastewater from cephalosporin antibiotic production with high bio-toxicity is hard to degrade, and could cause great harm to environment and human being. In the present paper, wastewater from cephalosporin production was processed with biochemical treatments as hydrolytic acidification, Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed(UASB), Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process(SBR), biological activated carbon process(BAC). Among them, hydrolytic acidification could efficaciously enhance the biodegrad

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