mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/habitat-description-of-the-threatened-freshwater-clam-galatea-paradoxa-born-1778-at-the-volta-estuary-ghana/ 2013-10-09 2018-12-19 Introduction The freshwater clam, Galatea paradoxa (Born 1778) is a bivalve mollusc belonging to the family Donacidae (Purchon, 1963) andis usually restricted to the lower reaches of a few rivers in West Africa including the Volta inGhana (King and Udoidiong, 1991).It constitutes an important and affordable protein source to the riparian human communities of the Lower Volta,andhas for centuries been the basis of a thriving artisanal fishery and a means of livelihood for between 1000-2000 peop

..]]> This research was conducted to at two of the few remaining habitats of the threatened freshwater clam (Galatea paradoxa) at the Volta Estuary in Ghana to describe the current state of the clam habitat with respect to the physicochemical water parameters and the characterize the bottom sediment on which they thrive. The research was carried out over an 18-month period with the aim of facilitating the transplanting of juvenile clams from their natural habitats to portions of the estuarine environm

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/effect-of-agricultural-activities-on-water-quality-deterioration-of-mujib-basin-jordan/ 2013-12-18 2018-12-19 Introduction Surface water resources are distributed among 15 basins. The largest source of external surface water is the Yarmouk River at the Syrian border. Originally, the annual flow of the Yarmouk River was estimated at about 400 million cubic meter (MCM) (of which about 100 MCM are withdrawn by Israel). Total flow is now much lower than 400 MCM as a result of the upstream Syrian development works, which took place in the 1980’s. The Yarmouk River accounts for 40 % of the surfac

..]]> Mujib basin is located at the central part of Jordan, south of the Capital, Amman. The area is bounded by Zerqa basin in the north and Hasa basin in the south, while it extends to Azraq and Sirhan basins in the east and to the Dead Sea to the west. In the hills on the eastern edge of the Valley, the topography is rugged, scarp and steep canyon drops to elevation about 400 m below sea level (bsl) adjacent to the Dead Sea. The Mujib basin is semi-arid to arid, with low rainfall in most parts of th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/assessment-of-the-environmental-values-of-waste-to-energy-in-the-gaza-strip/ 2013-11-19 2018-12-19 Introduction The Gaza Strip is located in the Middle East bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Egypt to the South and Israel to the North and West, and has a total area of 365 km2. It is 45 km in length and 5 to 7 km in width in the north to a maximum of 12 km in width in the South as, as shown in Figure 1.1 The Gaza Strip’s population was about 1.65 million in 2010 with a population density of about 4,520 capita per square kilometer, which is the highest population density

..]]> The Gaza Strip faces a chronic solid waste (SW) management and electricity shortage problem as a result of fifty years of political instability in the area coupled with a high population growth rate, an unhealthy economic condition, and limited land and energy resources. The option to develop a waste to energy (WTE) facility to manage SW and to alleviate the electricity shortage has not been previously investigated for the Gaza Strip.  This paper assesses the potential environmental and

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/impact-of-over-pumping-on-the-groundwater-quality-of-the-dead-sea-basin-jordan/ 2013-11-07 2018-12-19 Introduction The gravest environmental challenge that Jordan faces today is the scarcity of water. Indeed, water is the decisive factor in the population/resources equation. Whereas water resources in Jordan have fluctuated around a stationary average, the country’s population has continued to rise. A high rate of natural population growth, combined with periodic massive influxes of refugees, has transformed a comfortable balance between population and water in the first half of thi

..]]> This study deals with the water quality evaluation of the groundwater resources in the Dead Sea basin in Jordan. The study area is located in central part of Jordan and covers an area of about 6874 km2. The importance of this study is to identify the different environmental conditions associated with the increase of population, depletion of groundwater and irrigation activities. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of over-pumping on the groundwater quality of the Dead S

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/a-simple-electrochemical-approach-for-determination-and-direct-monitoring-of-drug-degradation-in-water/ 2013-08-06 2018-12-19 Introduction Most pharmaceuticals are persistent in wastewater especially the effluent from pharmaceutical industries and also from hospital wastes. Considerable attention has been already devoted for the removal of these pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Ibuprofen (IBP) and paracetamol (PCM) are two important pharmaceutical drugs which are regularly used to cure from fever, migraine, and diseases resulted from inflammatory disorder.1-4 Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of IBP and

..]]> The application of electrochemical techniques for the determination of pharmaceutical drugs in water is reported here. The experiment is designed for use in undergraduate chemistry courses. Two most commonly used pharmaceutical drugs e.g., ibuprofen (IBP) and paracetamol (PCM) were investigated for their identification and electrochemical investigations using cyclic votlammetry (CV) and square wave (SQW) voltammetry. The major objective of this communication is to enable students to get familiar

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/households-willingness-to-pay-for-drinking-water-quality-service-improvement-in-damaturu-nigeria/ 2013-09-28 2018-12-19 Introduction Water is fundamental human need; human life and existence of all eco system depends largely on the availability of water both in high quality and sustainable quantity supply, safe water is the water delivered to the consumers that can be used directly for drinking, cooking, and washing. It is the responsibility of authority at all levels to review, inspect, monitor and evaluate on continues basis the water supplied to the community, using constantly updated water standard John (1

..]]> Human existence depends largely on availability of water both in high quality and sustainable supply. Improved quality drinking water has the ability to improve our standard of living, reduces mortality rates and morbidity associated with water born diseases. Damaturu have witnessed unprecedented increase and influx of population due to its new status by been made the capital of Yobe State in 1991, provision of safe drinking water thus became a matter of serious concern and this led to prevalenc

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/mexicos-glaciers-and-their-close-disappearance-a-precise-thermometer-of-the-global-warming-advance-on-a-global-scale/ 2013-10-21 2018-12-19 Introduction Mexican glaciers of the Iztaccihuatl, Orizaba’s peak (Citlaltepetl) and Popocatepetl will disappear in the next 10 to 35 years, warns a study from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) (Lorenzo 1964). Mexico’s Glaciers focalize an unusual global interest, on one hand; they are the only one in latitude 19° north and exist due to the mountains that allocate then have heights higher than 5000 meters. International organization studying gl

..]]> Mexican glaciers of the Iztaccihuatl, Orizaba’s peak (Citlaltepetl) and Popocatepetl will disappear in the next 10 to 35 years, warns a study from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) (Lorenzo 1964).

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/current-status-of-mammals-and-reptiles-at-hub-dam-area-sindh-balochistan-pakistan/ 2013-11-05 2018-12-19 Introduction It is also an important area for Urial and Sind Ibex.15 In the Khirthar Protected area Complex (KPAC), total of 33 species of mammals has so far been recorded15 Asia is rich in habitats and biodiversity, and correspondingly rich in turtle species.12 According to IUCN (2009), there are now 1,677 reptiles species have been included on the IUCN Red List, with 293 added in 2009. In total, 469 are threatened with extinction and 22 are already Extinct or Extinct in the wild. Pakista

..]]> During the present study in 2012, a total of twenty four mammalian species were recorded belonging to 5 orders and 10 families; out of these, 8 species are less common, 2 species are rare, while 14 species are common in Hub Dam area. Twenty five reptilian species belonging to 3 orders and 12 families were also recorded from the area. Three species of mammalian Urial (Ovis vignei), Chinkara/Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennettii) and Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), one reptilian species Common Krait (Bungar

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/efficiency-of-chemical-treatments-on-reduction-of-cod-and-turbidity-of-deinked-pulp-waste-water/ 2013-11-08 2018-12-19 Introduction The pulp and paper industry is one of the oldest industrial sectors in the world. It is a highly capital, energy and water intensive industry with highly polluting process and requires sustainable investments in pollution control methods and equipment. In the pulp and paper industry, a huge amount of water flowsthrough different processes. For environmental and economic reasons, the plant recycles the water as much as possible. Before recycling the water is purified to a certa

..]]> The effect of poly aluminum chloride with cationic or anionic polymers in treatment of deinked waste water has been studied. The experiments were carried out in jar tests with poly aluminum chloride dosages range of 5-20 mg/l, cationic or anionic polymers dosages range of 1-3 mg/l, pH range of 7.2-8.2, rapid mixing at 100rpm for 2minute, followed by slow mixing at 40 rpm for 10minute and settling for 20minute. The effectiveness of poly aluminum chloride with cationic or anionic polymers were mea

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/respective-and-interactive-effects-of-o3-and-co2-and-drought-stress-on-photosynthesis-stomatal-conductance-antioxidative-ability-and-yield-of-wheat-plants/ 2013-12-05 2018-12-19 Introduction Two aspects of global climate change that directly influence plant physiology, growth and productivity; increasing in concentrations of ambient ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2).1,2 Atmospheric CO2 is projected to continue rising to at least 550 ppb by 2050.3 The current annual average (O3) is predicted to continue increasing by 0.5–2% per year over the next century, mainly due to increases in precursor emissions from anthropogenic sources.4,5 Gre

..]]> Effects of O3, Doubled CO2 Concentration and drought stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were studied in open-top chambers (OTC). Under doubled CO2 concentration, grain yield and biomass increased, the SOD activity, and carotenoid (Car) content also increased while relative conductivity yield parameters significantly decreased. But under Elevated O3 concentration, the SOD activity, Carotenooids decresaed. The final result was decreased grain yield and plant biomass. Interactive effects

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/hydrological-drought-analysis-of-karkheh-river-basin-in-iran-using-variable-threshold-level-method/ 2013-12-19 2018-12-18   Figure 1: The location of study area and hydrometric stations  Click here to View figure Table 1: Characteristics of selected hydrometric stations in Karkheh River basin  Click here to View table   Figure 2: Number of drought events during study period in all stations  Click

..]]> Drought is an important phenomenon in recent years which caused a lot of problems for most of areas in Iran. Drought lead to water scarcity for people and this problem becomes one of the important challenges for the country. Karkheh River basin is one of the considerable water resources field in Iran and it is located in west parts of Iran. Current paper tries to take one step ahead toward scientific and practical drought management in Karkheh basin by analyzing hydrological drought. In this pap

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/study-the-carbon-emission-around-the-globe-with-special-reference-to-india/ 2013-12-03 2018-12-19 Introduction Global warming is the increase in the usual temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century. Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980. Warming of the climate structure is unambiguous, and scientists are certain that it is primarily caused by i

..]]> India was the third largest CO2 emitter in the world in 2009, following China and the United States and slightly ahead of Russia. This is due to increased coal consumption, which represented 67% of the emissions increase from 1990 to 2009. This paper represent the carbon emission in the globe and to know the carbon emission produce by the different country specific as developed and developing economy and study the contribution of the India in the carbon emission in the globe also check out the g

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/estimation-of-heavy-metal-in-vegetables-from-different-market-sites-of-tribal-based-ranchi-city-through-icp-oes-and-to-assess-health-risk/ 2013-11-29 2018-12-19 Introduction Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the plants, atmosphere, soil and water, even in traces, can cause serious problems to all organisms. The presence of heavy metals in sewage sludge, used as agricultural fertilizer is a major problem for crop and environmental qualities and their impact on human health, because most of the heavy metals are persistent due to their immobile nature (Devkota e

..]]> Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to estimate and evaluate the levels of heavy metals in vegetables collected from various sites of Ranchi city (tribal dominated population) followed by health risk assessment by determining Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Daily intake of metal (DIM) and Health Risk Index (HRI). The concentration levels of Pb, Cd and Ni in vegetables were found to contain beyond than the permissible PFA limit. All sites showed quite a few

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/effect-of-industrial-effluents-on-surface-water-quality-a-case-study-of-patancheru-andhra-pradesh-india/ 2013-12-17 2018-12-19 Introduction Surface water is usually rain water that collects in surface water bodies, like oceans, lakes, or streams. Surface water can become contaminated in many ways, one of which is direct recharge can come from industries sources. A change in the water chemistry due to surface water contamination can negatively affect all levels of an ecosystem. It can impact the health of lower food chain organism and consequently the contaminated surface water can also affect the health of animals an

..]]> In order to assess the surface water quality a total of forty two surface water samples were collected in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2008, 2009, 2010 and were analyzed for electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solid, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCO3, Cl, and SO4. The chemical classification of surface water has been studied using L-L diagram, given by Langelier and Ludwig (1942)1, surface water of both the seasons belongs to sodium Cl+SO4 type. The results show that surface water is affec

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/chemical-studies-of-traffic-generated-dust-and-its-impact-on-human-health-with-associated-problems-in-singrauli-district-of-madhya-pradesh-india/ 2013-12-09 2018-12-19 Introduction Certainly dust deteriorates the ecological condition and can be defined as the fluctuation in any atmospheric constituent from the value that would have existed without human activity (Tripathi and Gautam, 2007). Environmental degradation exerts significant pressure on human health; unfortunately these aspects are closely associated with the hazards to the environment and human caused by transport specially road transport (Dora and Phillips, 2000). The impact of dust pollution on

..]]> The traffic generated dust now become the problem for urban people. Rate of dust fall in urban areas of Singrauli was estimated during two consecutive years (2011 and 2012) through recommended methods. The levels of dust fall in Singrauli during both years remained the highest (37.56 and 41.32 g/m2/month) respectively, with high traffic density. Among the locations, waidhan showed with the highest rate of dust fall while Shakti nagar showed the lowest. Metallic analysis of dust fall in Singrauli

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/bioaccumulation-of-heavy-metal-toxicity-in-the-vegetables-of-mahalgaon--nagpur--maharashtra--india-/ 2013-11-20 2018-12-19 Introduction Mahalgaon is a village in Kamptee Taluka, Nagpur district of Maharashtra state, India1  Nag River is the main river which flows through the city and passes through Mahalgaon village hence it is the easiest and cheapest source of water for irrigation to the villagers on the bank of this river. The river serves as the drainage for the city and is highly polluted by urban waste and heavy metals2 Most of the village formers are engaged in vegetable cultivation and the vi

..]]> Mahalgaon is a village in Kamptee Taluka, Nagpur district of Maharashtra state, India. Most of the village formers from this village are engaged in vegetable cultivation and the village serves as one of the main supplier of vegetables required in the Nagpur market. All the fields and farms of this region are irrigated by the Nag river water which is highly polluted by urban waste and heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to study the bioaccumulation of heavy metals i.e. Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/thin-layer-chromatography-comparative-estimation-of-soils-atrazine/ 2013-10-31 2018-12-19 Introduction   Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-striazine), is probably the most commonly used chlorinated herbicide in the world.1 Atrazine is a selective systemic and most popular herbicide introduced in 1958 by J.R. Geigy. It has a range of trade names including Marksman, Coyote, Atrazina, Atrazol and Vectal. Atrazine is used for the pre and post-emergence control of annual and broad leaved weeds and perennial grasses; it inhibits photosynthesis and interferes with

..]]> Herbicide atrazine is a broad spectrum herbicide, used worldwide to protect the crops from weeds, but overuse of atrazine have caused the huge environmental problems from few decades. So it is very essential to study and develop the lab based analytical methods, which are important for the detection of atrazine in environment as well as in biological media. In this study we have collected the soils samples from farm fields and extracted the atrazine by Soxhlet method. Also we have extracted the

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/comparative-studies-of-physico-chemical-parameters-of-two-reservoirs-of-narmada-river-mp-india/ 2013-11-30 2018-12-19 Introduction Narmada is originated from eastern Madhya Pradesh at Amarkantak (Situated at 20° 40', 80° 45' E), flows towards west and finally joins Arabian sea at Broach (Situated at 21°43', 72° 57' E).Dams, built to change natural flow regimes, are one of the most significant human interventions in the hydrological cycle. The construction of dam’s results in physical, chemical and biological changes to natural ecosyste

..]]> The present study was carried out for a period of one year from January 2012 to December 2012 to enumerate the various Physico-chemical parameters of Narmada River at Indra Sagar Dam and Omkareshwar  Dam. Water samples were taken from sampling stations every month and were analyzed as per standard methods.  At Punasa Dam  Maxima of Chloride and Sulphate were observed during June, BOD and T.D.S  in August, Total hardness in November, Temperature in May and PH w

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/effect-of-aflatoxin-contaminated-feed-on-growth-and-survival-of-fish-labeo-rohita-hamilton/ 2013-09-20 2018-12-19 Introduction Aflatoxin is the metabolic by product of mols Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.It is a toxic compound and the cause of high mortality in livestock, poultry and in some cases of human beings (Reed and Kasali., 1987, Montessano et al.1995). Toxicogenic A. Flavus. produces Aflatoxin B1 and B2 whereas A. Parasiticus  produces Aflatoxin G1 and G2.Aflatoxin B1 is classified as group I carcinogen by international agency for research on cancer. Effect of a

..]]> Effect of aflatoxin contaminated feed on growth, survival and behaviour of the fish Labeo rohita was evaluated. There was a significant decrease in the growth rate and survival percentage of the fish with the increase in the amount of aflatoxin contaminated feed in the food of the fish.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/assessment-of-groundwater-quality-in-saltaua-gopalpur-block-of-basti-district-u-p-india/ 2013-10-04 2018-12-19 Introduction Water is a one of the most important renewable natural resources. Approximately 71% of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Fresh water is found as underground water in large reservoirs surrounded by rock called aquifers. This ground water has long been considered is one of the purest forms of water available in nature to meet the overall demand of rural and semi urban people.1 In India most of the population is dependent on ground water as it is the only

..]]> The present study was carried out to assess the ground water quality of various location of Saltaua Gopalpur block of Basti district during June-July 2013. Total 10 water samples were collected from hand pumps at different locations in and around Saltaua Gopalpur block. The water Samples were analyzed for their physico-chemical Characteristics, viz .pH, Turbidity, chloride, Total Hardness, fluoride, Nitrate, Iron and free chlorine. On Comparing the results against water quality standards and sta

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol8no3/adsorption-of-pbii-from-aqueous-solution-on-ailanthus-excelsa-tree-bark/ 2013-12-16 2018-12-19 Introduction At present lead pollution is considered a worldwide problem because this metal is commonly detected in several industrial wastewaters.1 Undoubtedly, industrial waste based adsorbents offer a great promise for commercial purposes. Solid wastes are a vexing societal problem mandating attention to recycling. Recycled product quality is not always high or recycle may not be feasible. However, conversion of solid wastes into effective low-cost adsorbents for wastewater treatm

..]]> The potential to remove Pb (II) from aqueous solutions through adsorption using Ailanthus Excelsa tree bark was investigated. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of Pb (II) were studied. The different experimental conditions were investigated in this study. It was observed that the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed increases rapidly initially, then system approaches equilibrium within 360 minutes. The extent of Pb (II) removal increased with incr

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