mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/assessment-of-odor-annoying-impacts-on-trade-and-serving-centers-close-to-a-vegetable-oil-manufacturing-plant/ 2012-09-21 2018-12-22 Introduction The air around us contains aromatic compounds originated from citizens' daily activity in residential, trade and industrial areas which create the modern societies. Daily exposure to odor pollution is a part of modern life.1 Odor is generally defined as the feeling caused by chemical compounds which are called odorants while being perceived by stimulating the sensory receptors of smell.2 Odor is a combination of one or more volatile chemical com

..]]> The environmental odor pollution emitted from different sources has undesirable impacts on communities' health and welfare in a way that caused increasing public worry and complains around the world. Pars Vegetable Oil Processing Plant (PVOPP) is located near populated residential areas in Tehran; hence, many people are exposed to the plant process annoying odor daily. In order to assess the odor annoying impacts on its nearby business centers a social survey has been applied. In the fie

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/determination-of-cadmium-ii-ions-in-environmental-samples-a-potentiometric-sensor/ 2012-09-22 2018-12-24 Introduction Cadmium is a trace heavy metal of great importance in environmental protection since it is a highly toxic element.1 Determination of cadmium in environment samples is so important as this element exist in environment samples as a contaminant originating from industrial or urban waste pollution.  As a result of high toxicity even at low concentrations, and various matrix interferences in real samples, developing an accurate, precise and selective method for cadmium determ

..]]> A sensor electrode was modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized by dithizone. The electrode was used for determination of trace amounts of cadmium (II) ions. The electrode composition was 67% graphite powder, paraffin 23%, 10% modified MWCNTs (W/W). The linear range for lead (II) was 1.8×10-7 to 1.0×10-4  mol L−1 and the limit of detection was obtained1.0×10−7 mol L−1. The lifetime of the electrode was 12 weeks

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/effects-of-biodiesel-and-engine-load-on-some-emission-characteristics-of-a-direct-injection-diesel-engine/ 2012-09-18 2018-12-24 Introduction In recent years, the demands for energy have grown very quickly due to the rapid development of certain growing economies, especially in Asia and the Middle East. Biofuels such as alcohols and biodiesel have been proposed as alternatives for diesel engines.1,2,3 Especially, the environmental issues concerned with the exhaust gases emission by the usage of fossil fuels also encourage the usage of biodiesel, which has proved to be ecofriendly far more than fossil fuels. In

..]]> In this research, experiments were conducted on a 4-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine using biodiesel as an alternative fuel and their blends to investigate the emission characteristics of the engine under four engine loads (25%, 40%, 65% and 80%) at an engine speed of 1800 rev/min. A test was applied in which an engine was fueled with diesel and four different blends of diesel/biodiesel (B20, B40, B60 and B80) made from waste frying oil and the results were analyzed. The use of biodiesel

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/assessment-of-heavy-metals-in-water-fish-and-sediments-from-uke-stream-nasarawa-state-nigeria/ 2012-09-19 2018-12-25 Introduction Over the last few decades, there has been growing interest in determining heavy metal levels in the marine environment and attention was drawn to the measurement of contamination levels in public food supplied, particularly fish.1-3 Although heavy metal is a loosely defined term,4 it is widely recognized and usually applied to the wide spread contaminants of terrestrial and fresh water ecosystems. Some examples of heavy metal include lead, zinc, cadmium, copper

..]]> The levels of lead, zinc, copper, iron, manganese, cadmium and mercury were determined in various body parts of two species of catfish; Clarias gariepinus and Synodontis schall, water and sediment samples from Uke stream  using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) method. The results obtained showed that iron (Fe) had the highest concentration with average of 8.78 mg/g and 7.51 mg/l in sediment and water respectively followed by Zn with 4.79 mg/g (sediment) and 3.19 mg/l (water) wh

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/structural-properties-natural-bond-orbital-theory-functional-calculations-dft-and-energies-for-the-alpha-halorganic-compounds/ 2012-09-25 2018-10-24 Introduction Organic halogen alkane compounds or halocarbon compounds are chemicals in which one or morecarbonatoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogenatoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine - group 17) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds, organochlorine compounds, organobromine compounds, and organoiodine compounds. Chlorine halocarbons are the most common and are called organochlorides. Many synthetic organic compounds such as plasticpolymers, and a

..]]> In this paper, the optimized geometries and frequencies of the stationary point and the minimum-energy pathsof C3H2F4Br2are calculated by using the DFT (B3LYP) methods with LANL2DZbasis sets. B3LYP/LANL2DZcalculation results indicated that some selected bond length and bond angles values for the C3H2F4Br2.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/pyridine-functionalized-tio2-nanoparticles-as-a-sorbent-for-preconcentration-and-determination-of-ultra-trace-palladium-ion/ 2012-09-21 2018-12-25 Introduction Increasing demand for noble metals, particularly platinum group metals (PGM), such as palladium(II), platinum(IV), ruthenium(III), rhodium(III) has been recently observed because of their wide range of industrial applications, e.g. as catalysts in organic processes, value added components in metal alloys and vehicle catalytic converter systems, in chemical, pharmaceutical, petroleum and electronic industries and also in jewellery making. These applications of PGMs have increas

..]]> In this work, TiO2 nano-particles were modified by pyridine group and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR and elemental analysis (CHN). This sorbent was applied for pre-concentration of ultra-trace amount of palladium prior to its determination by flame atomic adsorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Through this study, different factors such as sample pH, sample flow rate, eluent parameters (type, concentration and volume), and elunet flow rate were optimi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/assessment-of-arsenic-nitrate-and-phosphorus-pollutions-in-shallow-groundwater-of-the-rural-area-in-kurdistan-province-iran/ 2012-09-20 2018-12-25 Introduction The rule of water quality on human health is well known and recently attracted a great deal of interest. Many water quality problems have been identified and addressed in the past from several parts of the world.1 According to Nature (2010) about 80% of the world's population (4.8 billion in 2000) lives in areas with threats to water security.2 Most cases of waterborne diseases and related deaths occur in developing nations are directly due to unsafe wat

..]]> Quality of water resources in the rural area of Qorveh Plain (Kurdistan Iran) is facing a serious challenge due to arsenic (As) pollution and agricultural development. Therefore, 25 shallow groundwater samples (from 14 households and 11 farms) were collected from this area with aim of evaluating their quality as drinking purposes. The water samples were analyzed for pH, water electrical conductivity (Ecw), As, Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, NO3, P, Cl, HCO3, SO4, Si, total hardness (TH), and total disso

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/insect-diversity-and-water-quality-parameters-of-two-ponds-of-chatla-wetland-barak-valley-assam/ 2012-09-27 2018-12-25 Introduction  Among different ecosystems, wetlands constitute one of the most important ecosystems for man offering numerous regulating services. Water quality assessment of small water bodies of the wetlands are of immense importance in the management of fisheries, water supply, and irrigation. Pollution status of water bodies are usually expressed as biological and physico-chemical parameters.1 Several authors have extensively documented the responses of macro-invertebrate

..]]> An investigation was carried out on two ponds of Chatla floodplain, Barak valley, Assam with special reference to aquatic insects.  Pond 1 is purely a fish pond where as pond 2 is a community pond too.  Present study revealed the status of water quality and in turn diversity, density, dominance and abundance of aquatic insects in both the ponds. Almost all the physico chemical parameters of both the ponds were found within permissible range for aquatic life .However in pond 2 l

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/the-occurrence-of-tds-and-conductivity-of-domestic-water-in-lumding-town-of-nowgong-district-of-assam-n-e-india/ 2012-09-24 2018-12-25 Introduction Water- the elixir of the life system and without it life cannot exist. The diverse uses of water for drinking, cooking, washing, bathing a lot of other purposes. The presence of safe and reliable drinking water is an essential prerequisite for a stable community. So quality of water is to be determined for a locality of various purposes. Water covers about 71 percent of the earth’s surface and it is abundant natural resource on the earth. It includes various resources s

..]]> Total dissolved solid (TDS) and Conductivity are important parameters to determine the quality of water. The seasonal variations in TDS are mainly due to the ionic composition of water. In the present study the seasonal variations in TDS and Conductivity of Lumding Town were studied from May, 2001 to April, 2004. It was found that the TDS of Dug well, Ring well and Ponds were maximum high, but the TDS of River water and Supply water were appreciable.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/distribution-pattern-of-enteropathogens-in-greater-imphal-area-of-imphal-river-manipur/ 2012-09-18 2018-12-25 Introduction The increasing anthropogenic activities in and around the aquatic ecosystems and their catchments areas in recent years, have contributed to large scale mineral enrichment and incidence of many pathogenic micro-organisms in different water bodies. Besides, many major water bodies are being degraded due to continuous heavy discharge of untreated waste and surface run-off, causing deleterious effects in flora and fauna and other aquatic organisms (Sah et al., 2000). The distributio

..]]> An investigation on enteropathogens in the water of Imphal river at five different sites within greater Imphal area of Manipur was carried out as a part of water quality documentation at monthly intervals for one year. Densities of enteropathogens were found to be high during rainy season and low during summer and winter seasons. The degrees of survival for the different bacteria were influenced by various environmental factors as well as anthropogenic activities.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/wind-field-modifications-in-habitable-urban-areas/ 2012-09-25 2018-12-25 Introduction Urban areas and inhabitants of cities tend to increase. Nowadays, about half of the world total population live in urban settlements. This large number of dwellers produce variety of activities and modify urban air quality and pattern.Urban wind flow is driven by a deep, stratified urban boundary layer with significant wind fluctuations. Solar heating effects include shadows from buildings and trees, aerodynamic drag, heat exchange affected by the surface property variations and

..]]> This paper discusses different criteria for the assessment of wind field environmentsin urban areas and how they relate to field observations. The importance of the inclusion of wind environment studies in the planning process is also discussed. The increasing influence of the built environment on wind speed and direction makes any forecast for heights below 50 meter very hazardous1. This increase in the areas with more built form where the roughness is extremely high. It is not always possible

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/extracts-of-kashmiri-saffron-in-service-to-human-race-and-present-ground-realities/ 2012-09-28 2018-12-25 Introduction Cancer represents the largest cause of the mortality, which claims over 6 million lives each year, in present world (Abdullaev 2012). Insensitivity of cancer types to most of the oncological therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy (Ghaneh et al. 2007, Sarkar et al., 2007) has forced to strengthen new therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly form of disease.  A promising strategy to cure cancer is chemoprevention through natural agents. Natural

..]]> The Kashmir valley is well known for producing high quality of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and represents one of the major saffron-producing areas of the world. Saffron has been traditionally used in preparation of indigenous medicines and also as a dye. The extracts of the parts of saffron plant is being used in cosmetics and in many drugs to cure different ailments. In present document the potential role of the saffron and its parts cultivated in Kashmir valley and the diseases like cancer to

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/spatial-distribution-of-ground-water-quality-in-some-selected-parts-of-pune-city-maharashtra-india-using-gis/ 2012-09-26 2018-12-25 Introduction Groundwater resources are dynamic in nature. These are affected by factors such as, the expansion of irrigation activities, industrialization and urbanization. Hence, monitoring and conserving this important resource is essential. The quality of water is defined in terms of its physical, chemical and biological parameters. Ascertaining the quality of groundwater is crucial before its use. Water may be used for various purposes such as drinking, agricultural, recreational and indu

..]]> Pune is one of the major developing cities in India; its area is rapidly increasing as neighboring villages like Aundh, Baner, Pashan and Sutarvadi are merged into the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). Majority of the people are using the groundwater as a prime source for their domestic needs, besides the PMC is supplying them with an allocation of treated water. Assessing the quality of groundwater is an important issue in the modern times. Spatial variations in ground water quality in some sel

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/use-of-industrial-waste-water-for-agricultural-purpose-pb-and-cd-in-vegetables-in-bikaner-city-india/ 2012-09-24 2018-12-25 Introduction   Decreasing water level and shortage of water is being a major problem world wide. For agriculture purpose this problem gives rise to the use of alternative sources of water. Most of these water sources are affected by the dumping of waste from various types of industries like mining, textiles, chemical etc. Due to reason this waste water may contains many organic toxic substances that could have hazardous impact on human health. In addition, technological development ha

..]]> Shortage of irrigation water resources is leading to the use of domestic and industrial waste water in agriculture. esp. in urban areas. Being contaminated by metals and various toxic chemicals these waste waters leads to the exposure of heavy metals and hazardous chemicals and the subsequent human health hazards through agriculture products and live stocks. Increasing cases of cancer and kidney problems is also related with this aspect. In present study human health risk assessment taken in con

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/bioaccumulation-of-heavy-metals-in-different-components-of-two-lake-ecosystem/ 2012-09-19 2018-12-25 Introduction Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals has been observed in sediment, water and aquatic flora and fauna (Forstner and Whittmann, 1983).  Different aquatic organisms often respond to external contamination in different ways, where the quantity and form of the element in water, sediment or food will determine the degree of accumulation (Langston & Spence, 1995). Heavy metals entering the aquatic ecosystem originate from different sources such as decay

..]]> Bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe and Pb) was examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer in sediment, water and fish samples of two different lakes; freshwater and sewage fed water namely Upper and Shahpura Lake respectively of Bhopal, (M.P.) India. All these trace metals were greater in polluted lake as compared to freshwater lake, except Pb. The experimental results clearly indicated heavy metal accumulation in different trophic level of both lakes.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/equilibrium-sorption-studies-for-fluoride-content-in-drinking-water-of-bore-wells-of-warud-region-on-ferronia-elefuntum-fruit-shell/ 2012-12-10 2018-12-25 Introduction  Warud is a Taluka place located on the border of Maharashtra and M.P. States. It is situated at the base of satpuda Ranges and covered by dense woods with many medicinal plants and water bodies. It is famous for oranges and commonly known as "California of Vidarbha". The major crops of the district is 'Oranges'. The famous historical and holy place salbardi is only 30Km, away from Warud. The main water supply is from Uppar Wardha Dam an

..]]> Major water supply for agriculture and domestic purpose in Warud Region is from Upper Wardha and Shekhadari Dam Water. Even then, resident of most of the areas are mainly dependent on bore well water for domestic and Agriculture purpose especially in summer season. Hence large numbers of bore wells are existed. Fluoride content of selected bore-well water in an around of Warud was analyzed in the month of May, 2011. The study reveals that the fluoride concentration is within the permissible limi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/a-study-on-seasonal-variation-in-the-physico-chemical-assessment-of-mpn-and-fluoride-analysis-of-drinking-water-of-gandhinagar-area-of-bhopal/ 2012-09-26 2018-12-25 Introduction Bhopal the capital of Madhya Pradesh territory the largest state of India. Bhopal is situated on 23°16'N Latitude and 77°25' Longitude and is located on Hard pink sand stone of Vindhya region Fluoride concentration in India, creates health problems and fluorosis. The disease previously called as "Mottled teeth" reported in Madras City (1933). Most of the population of 18 states out of 35 states in India are well affected with dent

..]]> Determination of fluoride concentration of sampling stations from different sites in and around villages near Gandhinagar of Bhopal was carried out by using selective fluoride ion- electode. Determination of coliform bacteria/MPN  of drinking water samples  collected from  various places by using H2S paper strip method and checked form black coloration in paper strip.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/studies-in-the-applicability-of-organic-polymer-for-pretreatment-of-industrial-waste/ 2012-09-28 2018-12-25 Introduction waste effluents coming out from the Process industries creating lot of environmental problems. Waste effluent from metal plating, refining, battery and power source are found to have varying degree of contaminants with high toxicity.1 There are various methods and techniques available for treatment of toxic waste to maintain the toxic material below the prescribed disposable limit. However, these techniques suffer the load of physical and chemical pollutants. For the fa

..]]> The applicability of organic polymer in form of polyeletrolytes as a pretreatment material for deionizer have been studied in the laboratory prepared electroplating waste solutions. Load of metal and non metal ions, present together or alone in the waste can be reduced by flocculation of waste with organic polymer. Change in the concentration of TDS and dissolved oxygen have been studied. The paper also describes the effect of pH on the flocculation process.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/pre-and-post-monsoon-physico-chemical-assessment-of-drinking-water-quality-of-gandhinagar-area-of-bhopal/ 2012-09-29 2018-12-25 Introduction The history of human civilization reveals that water supply and civilization are almost synonymous. several cities and civilizations have disappeared due to water shortage originating from climatic and other changes. The absence of water has resulted in the absence of life on the moon. Water, The nectar of life is one of the most important natural resource for all living organisms, whether unicellular or multicellular ,since it is required for their various metabolic activities.

..]]> Physico-chemical assessment of drinking water quality of Gandhi Nagar area of Bhopal has evaluated in various stations for one year 2011-2012 in pre and post monsoon season. in this present study temperature, pH, BOD, COD, EC, free CO2, T-H, Ca-H, Mg-H, total alkalinity has analyzed. The  present study has its significance for public hygiene in public interest.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol7no2/analysis-and-physico-chemical-parameters-of-sarvar-devla-sugar-mill-studies-of-effluents/ 2012-09-27 2018-12-25 Introduction  The recent studies have indicated that the water bodies becoming increasingly Contaminated due to the domestic and industrial wastes. The effluent discharge from sugar Mill consists of a number of chemical pollutants that can bring about changes in temperature, Humidity and oxygen supplies amounting to a partial or complete alteration in the physical, chemical and physiological sphere of the biota. Such changes disrupt the ecological cycle of Living organisms. Further,

..]]> The physico-chemical characteristics contents in the effluents discharged from Neoly sugar mill have been explored. The physico-chemical parameters such as colour, odour, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, COD, BOD, alkalinity, total hardness,Ca+2, Mg+2, chloride, of  the effluent collected from the various sites between the exit point at the mill and discharge point In, have been determined.

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