mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/diversity-of-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi-in-disturbed-and-undisturbed-forests-of-karbi-anglong-hill-district-of-assam/ 2011-07-30 2018-12-27 Introduction Microbes are essential components of Earth’s biota contributing to the maintenance of Earth’s ecosystem, biosphere and biogeochemical cycling.1 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota are ubiquitous in natural ecosystem and form mutualistic symbiotic associations with majority of terrestrial plant species.2 AMF are receiving worldwide attention because of the pivotal role they play in plant community ecology and plant productivi

..]]> Destruction of forests for agricultural purposes is a leading cause of forest disturbance and consequently of biodiversity loss. To assess the impact of such forest disturbance on microbial diversity, we investigated the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rich forests of Karbi Anglong hills of Assam, India. Three forest types viz. undisturbed forests (UF), slash-and-burn field (SBF) and monoculture forest (MF) were selected. A total of 21 isolates of AMF belonging to 4 genera

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/antimicrobial-activity-of-seed-extract-of-impatiens-balsamina-linn-2/ 2011-12-29 2018-12-26 IntroductionThe plant Impatiens Balsamina Linn1-3 (N.O. Balsaminaceae) is known Gulmendi in Hindi and is distributed throughout India. The seeds of this plant are edible. Alcoholic extract of the flowers has been found to have adequate antibiotic activity4 against scleroting, fructicola and other pathogenic fungi and bacteria. It is reported to be useful for pains in the joints.The seeds of impatiens Balsamina Linn were extracted with respective solvents. The successive seed extracts of the plan

..]]> The world today due to changing food and living habits of human being is faced with the challenging problem of saving human life from various ordeal and naturally compells. Our ancient ayurvedic system of medicine is predominantly a plant based materia medica making use of our medicinal plants. Many herbal preparations have found their way in the pharmacoepea of other countries. The validity of claims of many of these preparations have been substantiated by modern scientific methods and techniqu

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/effluent-loads-from-different-ecf-bleaching-sequences-used-in-hardwood-kraft-pulp-bleaching/ 2011-08-26 2018-12-27 Introduction Due to environmental reason the use of elemental chlorine in pulp bleaching has been totally eliminated in most of the countries in the world.  In the early 90's bleaching technology switched from elemental chlorine to chlorine dioxide based bleaching and reduced the formation of absorbable organic halogens (AOX) substantially; but still needs to improve. That is why researchers are looking for new bleaching technologies for further reduction of effluent load. To

..]]> Effluent loads from different traditional and emerging ECF bleaching sequences were investigated. Oxygen delignified Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia mangium kraft pulps having similar kappa number, ca 12.0 were used in this study. Different ECF bleaching sequences were compared with reference sequence, D0EopD1 in terms of effluent load, such as AOX, COD and TOC. Depending on the nature of sequences 6.0 to 63.0% chlorine dioxide consumption was reduced and as a result the amount of AOX format

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/identification-of-ambient-air-pollution-prevention-zones-using-remotesensing-and-gisa-model-study/ 2011-11-21 2018-12-26 Introduction The high density of population and industries in the cities lead to allied vehicular, industrial and domestic emissions affecting, adversely the health and property of inhabiting citizens. Keeping the air quality acceptable has become an important task for decision makers as well as for non-governmental organizations. Particulate matter and gaseous emissions of pollutant emission from industries and auto exhausts are responsible for rising discomfort, increasing airway diseases a

..]]> The present study has been carried out Air pollution zones and Risk area map for Air pollution Activities in nine mandals namely Nakkapalli ,Elamanchilli,S. Rayavaram, Achchutapuram, Rambilli, Anakapalle, Munagapaka, Kasimkota, Paravada of Visakhapatnam District, covering an area of 1355 Sq.km. The study area is located between north latitudes 17° 19’ and 17° 46’”and east longitudes 82°35’ and 83°10’ and is covered

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/global-climate-change-impacts-in-the-world/ 2011-12-16 2018-12-27 Introduction Recent decades have seen record-high average global surface temperatures. Thermometer readings sufficient to provide reliable global averages are available back to 1850 (Brohan et al. 2006). In the past century, global surface temperature increased by about 1.5 °F (Figure 1). In the past  quarter-century, according to satellite measurements, the lower atmosphere warmed by 0.22-0.34 °F per decade, equivalent to 2-3 °F per century. (Christy and Spen

..]]> During the twentieth century, the earth’,s  surface warmed by about 1.5 °F. There are a variety of potential causes for global climate change, including both natural and human-induced mechanisms. Science has made great strides recently in determining which potential causes are actually responsible for the climate change that occurred during the twentieth century, providing strong evidence that greenhouse gases released to atmosphere by human activities are one of the m

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/distribution-of-phytoplankton-and-artemia-in-the-solar-salterns-at-tuticorin/ 2011-07-20 2018-12-27 Introduction Saltpan ecosystem is highly dynamic where the organisms are subjected to vulnerable physico chemical disturbances. Saltpans are unique enclosed ecosystem that are characteristically exposed to a wide range of environmental stress and perturbations manifest mainly through salinity changes. In the extreme astatic physico – chemical conditions of these hypersaline habitats only a few plant and animal species can live. Saltpan ecosystem offers a number of unique ecological

..]]> Salt pan ecosystem of Tuticorin was studied for the distribution of Phytoplankton in two condenser ponds in a particular station, where artemia population was very high. This was monitored for one year in two ponds. Physico chemical parameters were also studied. The population of Bacillariophyceae dominated during monsoon season. Chlorophyceae was high during summer. Phytoplankton density was correlated with artemia population. Artemia biomass was at a maximum during monsoon when the species The

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/assessment-of-replacement-cost-of-soil-erosion-in-uva-high-lands-tea-plantations-of-sri-lanka/ 2011-12-20 2018-12-27 Introduction Land degradations have been a major environmental issue in tea estates of Sri Lanka compared to rubber and coconut plantations. Nearly about 80% of the land is old seedling tea which is often poorly managed (Krishnaraja, 1983). Large tracts of these old seedling tea plantations have been either neglected or left for fallows. It is estimated that about 30% of the entire tea land is marginal or uneconomic in mid country. Long steeps and poor management practices are responsible for

..]]> The Uva High lands tea plantations in Sri Lanka represent intermediate zone on agroclimetic classification. This study was conducted to assess the runoff, soil loss and subsequent nutrient losses from Vegetative Propagation (VP) and Old Seedling Tea (OST) plantations of Passara region of Uva high lands in Sri Lanka. Four experimental soil erosion measurement units were installed 2 each for both land categories of 25 m length and 4 m width during 2010-2011 for one successive year, from these land

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/evaluation-of-seasonal-variations-in-soil-parameters-of-agricultural-and-industrial-areas-of-etah-u-p/ 2011-11-21 2018-12-26 Introduction Soils are basic to Civilization Supplying various economic and cultural services as well as being the subtract for plant and with water it constitute society's most important, source as a life support system. They provide food, fiber, support building and road help to convert sunlight to usable forms of energy and other resource. Soil the outermost layers of the earth is a product of geological processes and human intervention. Soils are integral and vital part o

..]]> A Study was carried out in agricultural areas and industrial areas of district Etah and Kanshiramnagar (Formally District Etah). The seasonally Collected samples from selected sites are investigated for moisture content, pH, Electrical Conductance and for heavy metals as Lead, Copper,Cadmium and Zinc.The all concern areas of study and investigation were found under limits.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/physico-chemical-analysis-of-well-water-at-eloor-industrial-area-seasonal-study/ 2011-11-21 2018-12-26 Introduction Water is most essential for existence of life on earth and is a major component for all forms of lives, from micro-organism to man. Various physico- chemical parameters have a significant role in determining the potability of water. As per World Health Organization, safe and wholesome drinking water is a basic need for human development, health and well being, and it is an internationally accepted human right.1 Water intended for human consumption must be free from harmf

..]]> Seasonal variation on physico-chemical quality of well water at Eloor industrial area, Kerala was studied. A total of 100 samples, 25 each during four different seasons, viz. summer, pre- monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon were collected during the year 2009 and analyzed for temperature, pH, total hardness, Chemical Oxygen Demand, concentration of nitrate, fluoride, iron, heavy metals like lead, mercury, zinc, and cadmium. Significant difference between seasons was observed for temperatu

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/physico-chemical-analysis-of-ground-water-in-municipal-area-of-bijapur-karnataka/ 2011-10-05 2018-12-26 Introduction Water is considered absolutely essential to sustain life. In India ground water has a major role to satisfy the needs of domestic and agriculture purposes. The ever growing demands for water resources coupled with the rate at which much of the earths fresh water  being adversely affected by human activities, demonstrate a developing crisis and horrible future if environmental water resources are not appropriately managed.1 Bijapur is not an exception to this fut

..]]> Analysis physico-chemical parameters of ground water of municipal area of Bijapur (Karnataka) was carried out seasonally to study the quality of water and suitability for domestic purpose. Talabs (Lakes), Baudy (Wells constructed by Adil Shahi Sultans in 16th &17th century ) and bore wells are water resources of the study area. Thirty six samples from different sources at different locations were collected in different seasons during Year 2010-11. The parameters: pH, EC, TDS, Turbidity,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/studies-of-various-heavy-metal-in-surface-and-ground-water-of-birsinghpur-town-and-its-surrounding-rural-area-district-satna-m-p/ 2011-12-29 2018-12-26 Introduction Water is one of the most essential substance needed to sustain human life, animals, plants and other living beings. Without water no life is possible on earth. Now a days, water pollution is a burning issue of all over the world. The situation of water pollution in India also reaches into alarming position. All the water resources of our country  such as rivers, lakes, ponds as well as ground water have become much more polluted. Adequate water resources for future ge

..]]> The present study was aimed to assess the water quality of Birsinghpur town and its surrounding rural area. A total number of 25 water samples (5 surface and 20 ground water samples) were collected from different locations of study area at a particular distance during the year of 2008-2009 and analyzed for various heavy metals such as Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd. The results showed that in surface water Pb, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd varied from the ranges of 0.006 to 0.110, 0.55 to 2.76, 0.125 to 0.29

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/ground-water-hydrology-in-rural-parts-of-muzaffarnager-district-uttar-pradesh-india/ 2011-12-27 2018-12-26 Introduction The study area spreads in an area of 650 Km part of Krishna River. It is one of the densely cultivated tracts and serves as leading producer of number of crops especially sugarcane, paddy and wheat. The high stress on ground due to pumpage of large quantities of ground water for irrigation has threatened the sustainability of agricultural development. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt exploitation of ground water to its availability accordingly a refined quantitative evaluation

..]]> The study area is a Krishna micro watershed in the central Ganga plain which is a highly fertile track of western Uttar Pradesh. The sugarcane and wheat are major crops of the area. Due to pressure of human activity, urbanization and degraded gradually the pure, safe, healthy and order less drinking water is a matter of deep concern. There are many pollutants in ground water due to seepage viz organic and inorganic pollutants, heavy metals, pesticides, fluorides etc. In Muzaffarnager district UP

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/assessment-of-ground-water-quality-at-municipal-solid-waste-dumping-site-sewapura-jaipur/ 2011-11-21 2018-12-26 Introduction Municipal Solid Waste is a growing menace in present times. Population increase has added the problem many fold.  Waste materials or the leachates so formed during the course of time may percolate to the ground water table. This may cause the pollution of ground water and ultimately affects the health of local inhabitants.  Leachates are formed by slow decomposition of municipal solid waste. These leachates may run off in the nearby natural water resources such

..]]> Drinking water is a basic need of all living organisms. Pollution of water resource has slowly diminished the amount of clean water from our planet. The rapid urbanisation and growth of population further added the problem. Huge amount of solid waste generated from the residences, hospitals etc. is dumped in open land areas. Such dumping causes environmental pollution by deteriorating the ground water quality. The present study was done at Sewapura MSW dumpsite near jaipur to assess the ground w

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/quality-assurance-of-hot-beverages-with-special-reference-to-copper-element/ 2011-07-23 2018-12-26 Introduction Tea refers to the Agri-produce of the leaves, its buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various procedures. Tea also refers to the aromatic hot beverage prepared from the processed or cured leaves by combination with hot or boiling water, and is the common name for the Camellia sinensis plant itself. The four types of tea most commonly found in the market viz., white tea, black tea, long tea and green tea, and all the tea can be prepared from

..]]> Camellia sinensis originated in South East Asia, specifically around the intersection in the point of confluence of the lands of northeast India, north Burma, southwest China and Tibet. The plant was introduced to more than 52 countries, from this ‘centre of origin’." Instant coffee is a beverage prepared by various processes in which again it is dehydrated into the form of powder or granules. These can be rehydrated with hot water to provide a drink similar (though

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/pysico-chemical-analysis-of-bore-wells-and-open-wells-drinking-water-of-kathalal-region-2/ 2011-10-05 2018-12-26 Introduction In continuation of our earlier analysis on bore wells water,1-3 here we report the Physico-chemical analysis of bore wells drinking water of kathalal territory. kathalal is located in kheda district of Gujarat bore wells water is generally used for Drinking and other domestic purposes in this area .The use of fertilizers and pesticides manure, lime, septic tank, refuse dump, etc, are the main sources of bore wells water pollution4 in the absence of fresh water s

..]]> Physico-chemical analysis such as temperature, PH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, chloride, total alkalinity, calcium and magnesium hardness, sulphate, phosphate nitrate of bore wells  water was carried out from twenty sampling station of kathalal territory area during the May-2011 in order to assess water quality index.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/study-of-the-effect-of-air-pollution-on-wheat-2/ 2011-12-19 2018-12-26 Introduction Wheat is cultivated in the basin of Ganga river, Yamuna, Gomati and other areas. These areas are flooded with industries1-5 like chemical, coal, fertilizer, petroleum refinery, food processing, transport industry, coal power, hydropower, drug industry, pulp and paper industry, paint and dyes, sugar industry, wine industry, water bottling plant, juice factory, milk processing. These industries release huge amount of pollutants6-9 like inorganic, organic and particulates material.

..]]> Wheat is a very important crop of Indian farmers. Most of the people fooding depend upon wheat. There are several eatable food products prepared by wheat. Wheat is cultivated mostly in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. Recently in these states industrialization and infrastructure development work are going very fast causing huge amounts of pollutants and particulate entering into the atmosphere. Pollutants are oxide of carbon, oxide of nitrogen, oxide of sulphur, oxide of ch

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/drinking-water-analysis-of-buldana-district-maharashtra-2/ 2011-11-21 2018-12-26 Introduction Water, the most abundant and natural commodity. But today it has become precious and scare. This is mainly due to the increase in human population and fast development. The inadequate and irregular supply of water through piped water system has forced the population to use whatever quality of water available in the nearby water sources. This leads to water borne diseases and other health hazards. It is therefore essential to monitor the water supply and quality of water, speciall

..]]> A symmetric survey was carried out to evaluate the total hardness, iron, chlorides, nitrate and fluoride content in drinking water sources of some villages in Buldana district, Maharashtra. The drinking water samples were collected from the village drinking water sources of fifteen villages. Standard methods were used for the analysis of water samples.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/impact-of-biodiversity-in-tribal-life-of-tripura-2/ 2011-10-19 2018-12-26 Introduction Tripura is a small state located in the north-eastern part of India. It has a international border with Bangladesh for about 839 kms, towards  West, South and North. It also shares boundary with Assam and Mizoram in the east. The geographical continuity with the Indian main land  is maintained only in the north east with Karimganj sub-division in Cachar district of Assam. The small geographical area however does not deprive Tripura in being one of the richest ar

..]]> Tribal people of Tripura is fully utilizing the biodiversity as to consume, to build house, crafts, to manufacture tools, instruments and medicinal purposes etc., but equally not conserved.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol6no2/water-quality-index-w-q-i-of-pariyej-lake-dist-kheda-gujarat/ 2011-05-09 2018-12-26 Introduction The use of fertilizers, pesticides and manure are main source of water pollution in this area. Water is one of the most important factor for every living organism on this planet. Water is generally used for drinking, fisheries and other domestic purposes in this area. The available fresh water to man is hardly 0.3 to 0.5% of the total water available on the earth and therefore its judicious use in imperative. Lakes are one of the important water resources used for irrigation, dri

..]]> The present study calculates the Water Quality Index (W.Q.I.) of Pariyej Lake and assesses the impact of industries, agriculture and human activities. Physico – chemical parameters were monitored for the calculation of W.Q.I. for the rainy, winter and summer seasons. The parameters namely PH, Total hardness, TDS, Calcium, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, DO and BOD values were within the permissible limits. But total alkalinities and magnesium values were exceeding the permissible limits a

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