mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/adsorption-removal-of-pollutants-triphenylmethane-and-xanthene-dyes-from-water-by-charfines-and-activated-carbon/ 2010-11-23 2018-11-23 Introduction Dyes are synthetic aromatic compound, the textile industry ranks first in dye consumption for the coloration of fabric, presently more than 9000 distinetly different dyes are listed in the colour index dyes are classified into various application classes (Direct, Acid, Basic, Reactive etc.) and chemical class (Azo, Xanthane, Triphenylmethane,Thazine etc.). The dye stuffs are water soluble dispersible organic colourans,having high porential use in various industrial applications(m

..]]> The adsorption removal of Triphenylmethane & Xanthene dyes onto a low-cost coal based adsorption (Charfines) and its efficiency in dye colour sorption was compared with activated carbon (F-400). Batch studies were performed and the results revealed that Charfines demonstrated on ability to adsorb the reactive Triphenylmethane & Xanthene dyes. The sorption interaction of reactive dye on to Charfines obeys the first order rate equation. The sorption data indicates that the adsorpti

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/environmental-education-awareness-planning-and-management/ 2010-11-22 2018-11-23 Introduction Environment is a vital component of society. But with the global acceleration of industrialization and deforestation environmental problems and resource shortage is reaching a critical point. The need of the many and the greed of the few have ruptured our natural habitat and have made life on planet earth very fragile. The prehistoric man having a nomadic existence and was puzzled by the environment and may be out of fear started worshipping it. The man of the present day, the mo

..]]> Nature is capable of providing man with everything that he needs not only for self-sustenance, but also for making his life fully comfortable. However mans desire for joy and comforts has led him to exploit natures free goods to the extent of reducing its natural capacities for self stabilization. Today we are facing severe environmental crisis which is not limited to any particular country or region; it is global. Survival of all living species including humans has increasingly become very diff

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/a-review-of-various-approaches-to-optimize-the-solar-air-heater/ 2010-12-13 2018-11-26 Introduction Renewable energies are going to be a main substitute for fossil fuels in the coming years for their clean and renewable nature. Solar air heaters of many types have been developed in India and their performance studied in detail .today solar energy play a very important role in space heating, food drying and refrigeration. While solar air heater is now become a very integral part of some solar system. The conventional methods of energy analysis are based on the first law of th

..]]> A comparative study of various approaches to optimise and increase the performance of solar air heater is carried out in the present work. Various types of artificial roughness geometries in the absorber plate of solar air heater duct and their characteristics have been investigated for the heat transfer improvement or enhance the performance by many researchers. However, exergy data are more practical and realistic in comparison with the respective energy values that have been found in this com

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/role-of-natural-coagulant-and-solar-energy-in-treating-turbid-water/ 2010-12-14 2018-11-20 Introduction I Surface water contains very high pathogenic microbial contaminants, mainly bacteria and virus, due to animal and organic matter decomposition.1 Intake of the raw water is a high risk for health that affects mainly children and old people.2 Lack of safe drinkable water is a serious problem that affects people from developing countries, conditioning health, social economical development. In fact, people are supplied with water from rivers or surface waters, without any t

..]]> Present study deals with use of indigenous or natural treatment methods using plant material and solar radiation as alternatives to conventional treatment method. The coagulation ability of Zeemays (Maize) extract was assessed by the use of standard jar test measurements in water with various turbidities. Investigation of Zeemays as natural coagulant was confirmed by its positive effective coagulation activity. An optimum dose of 200 mg/l, 220 mg/l and 300 mg/l of this coagulant resulted in 75%,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/mycological-survey-of-the-bhandedwal-temple-arang-chhattisgarh/ 2010-11-18 2018-11-20 Introduction Ancients monuments are regularly affected by the continuous colonization of microorganisms especially bacteria, cyanobacteria, yeast, some algae species and various fungal species. (Gorbushina et al., 2004). Fungi has greater role in the biodeterioration of monuments (Burford et al., 2003). The phototrophic microorganisms are common inhabitants of monuments. Opportunistic species of cyanobacteria and chlorophytes, present in soils and in the air, are commonly found on the surface

..]]> Biodeterioration processes result from complex interactions of surface-invading microbes with each other as well as with the surface material. Fungal ability in production of pigments and organic acids have crucial role in discoloration and degradation of monuments. Air acts as a vehicle for the dispersion of microorganisms. It introduces into air from different sources i.e. soil, water, organic waste of man, plant leaves, sneezes and cough. This investigation focuses on mycological survey of Th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/performance-evaluation-of-effluent-treatment-plant-of-dairy-industry/ 2010-10-30 2018-11-20 Introduction Waste water generated in a dairy contains highly putrescible organic constituents. This necessitates prompt and adequate treatment of the waste water before its disposal to the environment. Almost all the organic constituents of dairy waste are easily biodegradable. Hence the wastewater is amenable to biological treatment-either aerobic or anaerobic.1 Rapid growth of industries has not only enhanced the productivity but also resulted in the production and release of toxi

..]]> Dairy industry is among the most polluting of the food industries in regard to its large water consumption. Dairy is one of the major industries causing water pollution. Considering the increased milk demand, the dairy industry in India is expected to grow rapidly and have the waste generation and related environmental problems are also assumed increased importance. Poorly treated wastewater with high level of pollutants caused by poor design, operation or treatment systems creates major environ

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/physico-chemical-and-bacteriological-studies-of-ground-water-layers-in-bhanpur-bhopal-m-p/ 2010-06-19 2018-11-20 Introduction Water is essential for life on earth. Water is a unique liquid, without it life is impossible. The importance of ground water for the existence of human society cannot be overemphasized. Ground water is the major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas. Besides, it is an important source for the agricultural and the industrial sector. As far as the quality of ground water is concerned, many places including Bhopal have been identified as endemic to contamination du

..]]> Bhopal, the capital city of M.P. is situated amidst the emerald lakes. This paper presents results of physico chemical and bacteriological examination of ground water layers in Bhanpur Bhopal. The study has clearly indicated that the concentration of most of the parameters is below the maximum permissible limits for TDS, alkalinity, Magnesium, chloride, sulphate, and fluoride. The bacteriological contamination at places near Bhanpur which is the dumping site of municipal solid waste was reported

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/study-of-physico-chemical-parameters-of-drinking-water-of-bhopal-city-with-reference-to-health-impacts/ 1970-01-01 2019-04-11

..]]> The article titled  "Study of physico-chemical parameters of drinking water of Bhopal city with reference to health impacts" is retracted as it was published twice on the oversight of Publisher.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/the-magnited-of-lead-in-zahedan-ground-water/ 1970-01-01 2018-11-21 Introduction Water is our essential nutrient that contains different amounts of dissolved inorganic and organic compounds. We can survive weeks even months without food, but only less than four days without water. Water play main role in digestion, circulation and transporting of nutrients in our body, also carrying away waste from our body. About 50 percent of water that we use provide from ground water, so it is necessary we sure from its safety. Provide of fresh water is one of basic probl

..]]> Zahedan city is located in the dry and semidry area in the Iran and close to Pakistan boarder. At this region fresh drinking water is limited to groundwater resource. Because of main role of water in the transmission several type of disease and assess the risks of adverse health effect on human exposure to lead influenced by human activities and geological survey in Zahedan we decide to test water sample from 10 well in separate places in zahedan for measuring quantity of lead. We have measured

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/a-sustainable-fuel-strategy-for-the-iranian-passenger-cars-using-a-continuous-dynamic-optimization-approach/ 1970-01-01 2018-11-21 Introduction Use of cleaner fuels is potentially one of the most important policies in an effective program for reducing air pollution. There are two basic strategies in this regard: firstly, the modification of polluting characteristics of traditional fuels, and secondly, using alternative fuels. By ‘traditional fuels’ the authors mean gasoline and diesel, which are the popular fuels in Iran. Consequently, the term ‘alternative fuels’ refers to the oth

..]]> Using alternative fuels for vehicles is of great importance even in developed countries. The current paper attempts to analyze the possible choices for passenger car fuel and to present an appropriate strategy for choosing an alternative fuel. In this regard, four types of fuels including gasoline as the current prevailing energy content in Iran were selected. The alternatives were LPG, CNG, and hydrogen. Potential strategies have been produced by using a continuous dynamic approach according to

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/the-measurement-of-sprouting-amount-of-dry-and-fresh-weight-in-plant-organs-in-environment-due-to-polluting-affect-of-cadmium-in-8-varieties-of-brassica-napus-l/ 1970-01-01 2018-11-21 Introduction The Effect of Cadmium on Absorbtion and Translocation of Solutes In most of the plant species, cadmium is absorbed by roots, although the rate of transmission stem is different in various species. For example in sugar beet 10-20 percent of absorbed cadmium is transferred to aerial parts (H8) while in soybean only 2 percent of absorbed cadmium is transferred to leaves26 absorbtion of poisonous metals and their transmission to aerial parts of plant and the resistance of

..]]> Cadmium is one of the most polluting herbaceous, poison, heavy metal. Although it is not essential for plant’s growth, it is simply absorbed by root and transferred to aerial organs. Gathered cadmium in plants is the main source of food poisoning for human and animals. Cadmium is an element that is found in crust naturally. Pure cadmium is a soft like- silver metal. Usually cadmium is not found as a free metal in environment but in combination with other elements, like cadmium oxide, c

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/equilibrium-sorption-studies-for-cu2-and-pb2metal-ions-on-three-different-biomasses/ 1970-01-01 2018-11-23 Introduction Water gets polluted from leaching of ore deposits and from anthropogenic sources which include mainly industrial effluents and solid waste disposal. Industrial development in the recent past has substantially increased the level of heavy metals. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by using inactive and dead biomass is an alternative technology for removing toxic heavy metals which cause life-threatening illnesses and pose environmental disposal problem due to their n

..]]> Presence of heavy metals in the aquatic system is posing serious problems. The aim of this study was to utilize the locally available agricultural waste materials for scavenging these heavy metals. In the present study, the biomass generated from the dried leaves of Terminalia Catappa, Dalbergia latifolia and Ficus benghalensis was used for evaluating the biosorption characteristics of Pb and Cu ions in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed on these leaves and it was fou

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/physico-chemical-analysis-of-borewells-drinking-water-of-kapadwanj-territory/ 2010-09-27 2018-11-23 Introduction In continuation of our earlier analysis on Bore wells water,1-3 here we report the Physico-Chemical analysis of Bore wells drinking water of kapadwanj territory. Kapadwanj is located in Kheda District of Gujarat. Borewells water is generally used for Drinking and other domestic purposes in this area. The use of fertilizers and pesticides, manure, lime, septic tank, refuse dump, etc. are the main sources of Borewells water pollution.4 In the absence of fresh wate

..]]> Physico-chemical analysis such as temperature , pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, chloride, total alkalinity, calcium and magnesium hardness, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate of bore wells water was carried out from twenty sampling stations of Kapadwanj territory area during the May - 2009 and October - 2009 in order to assess water quality index.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/studies-on-effect-of-cumin-extract-on-induced-hyper-cholesteraemic-male-rats/ 2010-06-19 2018-11-19 Introduction Increasing of blood fat especially cholesterol is propounded as an important factor of aggravation of heart diseases. Now more than 100 million American suffering from increasing of blood cholesterol and about 50 million of them require remedy. In Iran 2 cities were selected, the fatality arised from various heart diseases. According to reported statistics of Tehran 13 zone, 8.8% of men and 12.7% of women were suffering from heart diseases in 1984. Metabolism manner and plasma li

..]]> In the present study, the effect of water extract of cumin on plasma lipids were studied in healthy male rats. The objective of the present research is to study the effect of extract of cumin on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in induced hyper cholesterolemic male rats. Various biochemical parameters such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and LDL-C were studied. The body weight of rats was measured before and end of the experiment. The results of present study shows that water

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/a-study-of-media-seeking-habits-and-mass-media-reach-for-urban-settings-of-tripura/ 2010-12-15 2018-11-23 Introduction The mass media and other communication channels have tremendous effect on every sphere of human life, but its impact is not uniform in all fields, nor can it be predicted universally. There is a need to consciously use the mass media to educate and aware a large number of people about different social issues. Mass Media have the advantage of reaching a relatively larger population in a shorter time than is possible with other means. Mass Media is the way a message is dissemina

..]]> Human development and well being of individual is the primary objective held by our country in the form of implementing monitorable plans and policies. In this age of Information Technology where our present world has shifted to a global village, the process of advancing developmental priorities has doubly reinforced. The development of the society is directly related to education. Mass Media enable the spread of education through conventional as well as unconventional methods. In Mass Communica

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/environmental-chemistry-of-a-rare-muddy-snowfall-occurrence-on-alpine-zone-glaciers-of-gulmarg-kashmir-himalaya-india/ 2009-02-25 2018-11-28 Introduction Events of substantial aeolian dust deposition on seasonal snow covers and glaciers are a common phenomenon in mid-latitude, (sub-tropical) and even high arctic regions. Such events are emerging as important environmental issues in view of their glacio-chemical and glacio-meteorological aspects. The atmosphere, an integral and huge component of biosphere, receives inputs from myriad anthropogenic activities including expanding industrial establishments. Varied emissions, inter ali

..]]> The Kashmir Himalayan valley witnessed some unique environmental pollution phenomena including black snow and outbreak of red-tide in lacustrine systems during early 1991. The occurrence of a rare muddy snowfall in May 2002 on high altitude (>4300 m.asl) Afarwat glaciers in the alpine zone (near Gulmarg) of Pir Panjal mountainous range of the Kashmir Himalaya indicates changing environmental scenario of the region. The principal hydrochemistry of the snow samples collected from the glacie

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/heat-transfer-and-fluid-flow-analysis-of-roughness-ribin-solar-air-heater-duct-by-computational-fluid-dynamics-cfd/ 2010-06-19 2018-11-24 Introduction An attempt has been made to carry out CFD based analysis to fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of a solar air heaters having roughened duct provided with artificial roughness. Combined effect of swirling motion, detachment and reattachment of fluid which was considered to be responsible in the increase of heat transfer rate has been observed during CFD analysis. Nusselt number has been found to increase with increase in Reynolds number where friction factor decreases wi

..]]> This study evaluates heat transfer and fluid flow behavior in a rectangular duct with inverted U-type turbulator roughened ribs mounted on one of the principal wall (solar plate) by computational fluid dynamics software (Fluent 6.3.26 Solver). In this study CFD software has been used to perform a numerical simulation for enhance turbulent heat transfer. In this study, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes analysis is used as a numerical technique and the k-e turbulent model with near-wal

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/effect-of-thermal-pollution-on-the-hydrological-parameters-of-river-jhelum-j-k/ 2010-12-28 2018-11-26 Introduction River Jhelum is lifeline of Kashmir and is the only source of water which drains the valley from South to North. It is the only ultimate source of water, which inhibits all species of fishes of valley, being the most resourceful water body. But due to various anthropogenic activities it is bringing up threat to its fauna and flora. The most precarious and deteriorative is construction of dams which have affected the hydrological features of region surrounding the dam. The Buni

..]]> The Buniyar hydroelectric project and the Lower Jhelum Barrier at Gantamulla constructed across river Jhelum are in operation from several years. The two power stations have changed the hydrological features of the area where dam is situated. Therefore, the impact of hydroelectric projects on fishery resources of river Jhelum is a matter of great concern. The treated water from the power house is released through turbines, having cooling effect on them. The change in the hydrological parameters

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/assessment-of-drinking-water-quality-of-jaipur-main-and-its-suburb-railway-stations-with-special-mention-to-fluoride/ 2010-09-25 2018-11-23 Introduction Clean and safe drinking water is most primary need of living organisms. Ground water contributes 0.6 percent of the total water resources on the earth and is the major source of drinking and agriculture water in rural and urban areas. Chemical composition of the water is the major criteria for its suitability in drinking purposes especially in India where water purifying techniques are minimal. In India ground water caters to 80% of the total drinking water requirement and 50% of

..]]> Fluorosis is the prevalent problem of the Rajasthan state as the drinking water source at many places are ground water which are having high concentration of fluoride ion. Fluoride contamination of ground water may be correlated with the regional geological aspects. For the present study the water samples were collected and analysed for physico-chemical parameters namely pH, EC, TDS, Calcium and Magnesium Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates etc. with special reference to f

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/removal-of-heavy-metals-from-waste-water-using-different-biosorbents/ 2010-12-18 2018-11-23 Introduction Industrial revolution has lead to the increased use of heavy metal like Cr, Cu, Cd, Pd, Zn etc. Heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Cd, Pd, Zn are essential for the plants and microbes as they form part of many enzymes and proteins.1 The effluents from metal processing industries and tanneries are released into the environment without proper treatment or untreated. These metals accumulate on the soil and are persistent and pose a severe threat to the environment. Elevated level o

..]]> The discharge of waste water containing heavy metals like Cr, Cd, Cu from tanneries, electroplating units, metal processing industry etc is the major cause for metal pollution which in turn causes adverse effects in the environment. The conventional methods available for removal of heavy metal are costly and also produce some toxic sludge. This has lead to the invention of new technology like biological removal of heavy metal. In this paper use of various biosorbents like plants, microbes and th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/application-of-water-quality-index-for-assessment-of-pond-water-quality-status-in-orissa-india/ 2010-07-14 2018-11-26 Introduction Water Quality Monitoring data consists of routine measurements of physical, chemical and biological variables that are intended to give insight into aquatic environment. However, it does not give the overall picture on the water quality status. Further need to translate it into a form that is easily understood and effectively interpreted. In general, water quality indices incorporate data from multiple water quality parameters into a mathematical equation that rates the health of

..]]> Water quality index (WQI) has been calculated for different Ponds water in industrialized area at Angul-Talcher region of Orissa (India). Water Quality Index used to assess the spatial and temporal variation and also helps in classification of pond water suitability. The pond water samples were collected (n=14) from different locations of the study area. The highest value of WQI of the samples was 80 in monsoon season while the lowest value was 43 in summer season. The higher value of WQI has be

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/the-jeoparadised-wonderland-of-aquatic-ecosystem/ 2010-06-21 2020-07-07 Introduction What is Ecosystem ? The word Ecosystem’ stems from the Greek word ‘Oikos’, meaning ‘Home’ and ‘systema’ or ‘System’. This word was proposed by British ecologist A.G. Tansley (1935). Thus ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms within their physical and chemical environment. Ecosystem embodies the terrestrial ecosystems – where the organism and their environm

..]]> Human activities have dangerously altered the balance of aquatic Ecosystem. Over fishing, trawling and dredging, plastic debris & nets, waste dumping, toxin washing, oil spills and piracy on the high seas has done extensive damage to the ecosystem. The aquatic ecosystem is vital to the health and welfare of all life forms that pass through it. The present paper attempts to recount the immeasurable benefits of aquatic ecosystem which are indispensable for the ecological balance and preser

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/advance-oxidation-processes-for-textile-waste-water-treatment-at-a-glance/ 2010-06-19 2018-11-26 Introduction Main pollution in textile wastewater came from dyeing and finishing processes. These processes require the input of a wide range of chemicals and dyestuffs, which generally are organic compounds of complex structure. Because all of them are not contained in the final product, became waste and caused disposal problems. Major pollutants in textile wastewaters are high upended soilds, chemical oxygen demand, colour, acidity. and other soluble substances (Da -Hee et al. 1999). In

..]]> Effluent Quality has became more restrictive day by day as the world wide water authorities has became more aware with this respect. Use of conventional treatment such as biological treatment discharge will no longer be tolerated as 53% of 87 colours are identified as non-bio-degradable. Advance oxidation processes provide great alternatives for better treatment of textile effluent and for the protection of environment. In this paper an overview is considered in respect of basis and treatment ef

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/ferronia-elefuntum-fruit-shell-a-carrier-for-the-removal-of-lead-ii-from-aqueous-solution/ 2010-09-20 2018-11-26 Introduction The Twentieth century started with an extensive damage to the natural resources¹. Unplanned industrialization, urbanization, pollution explosion, change in life-style, over exploitation of natural resources, commercial establishment and modern agricultural practices have degraded the quality of environment. The main effects being faced are:  Continental invasion of air and water. Marine pollution through waste discharges. Release of variety of chemical

..]]> The studies on removal of Lead (II) were conducted using Ferronia elefuntum Fruit shell. Adsorption efficiency has been evaluated. The effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, concentration of metal, particle size and temperature were studied. The results reveal that Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are followed during adsorption process. Thermodynamids parameters indicate the feasibility of the process. Kinetic studies have been performed to understand the mechanism of adsorption. Column st

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/habitation-of-volatile-organic-compounds-vocs-in-the-aura-of-agra-the-city-of-taj-mahal/ 2010-06-19 2018-11-26 Introduction Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have grasped much attention over the last two decades because of their contribution in the formation of oxidants like ozone and PAN in the troposphere besides their health implications to human beings (Haagen3).The toxicological profiles of these compounds provide ample proof that humans are easily prone to the hazardous influence since they are diffused in the ambient air through source like motor vehicle exhaust, manufacturing and cigarette smo

..]]> When speaking about harm to the human body in the term of pollution, indoor pollution is equally harmful as the outdoor pollution. Volatile Organic Compounds contribute to the toxic oxidants which are harmful to the ecosystem, human health and atmosphere. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major group of air pollutants which play critical role in atmospheric chemistry. It contributes to toxic oxidants which are harmful to ecosystem human health and atmosphere. A sampling program was conducted

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/declination-in-the-fertility-of-lands-due-to-the-flood-in-bagalkot-district/ 2010-11-19 2018-11-28 Introduction Soil testing is a proven, practical method for evaluating the fertility status of soils and providing a sound basis for making recommendations in respect of fertilizers applications, soil amendment to farmers for increased crop production. Soil testing is of recent introduction but its importance in our agricultural program can hardly be over emphasized. Use of fertilizers in the country is now decidedly on the increase but their application must be guided on a scientific basis i

..]]> Soil plays a very vital role as it produces food for human beings and animals. The organic matter in soil as decomposed by a host of micro organism. Due to human activities, soil is the receptor of many pollutants including pesticides, fertilizers, etc., Hence, soil is an important component of environmental chemical cycle.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol5no2/trace-metal-analysis-of-a-drinking-water-resource-of-central-india/ 2010-09-25 2018-10-05

..]]> An attempt was made to assess the concentration of toxic metals in Bhoj Wetland (Upper lake) a Ramsar Site in India which is a major source of potable water catering the needs of about 1.4 million people of Bhopal. The main toxic metal namely chromium, zinc, cadmium, nickel, lead and manganese were analyzed during the period 2007-2008. Higher concentration of Heavy Metals was found in the month of March and September in most of the cases.

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