mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/water-quality-evaluation-of-the-groundwater-resources-in-amran-basin-yemen/ 2009-01-19 2018-11-22 Introduction The water problem in Yemen reached a critical level in many water basins; in Amran basin, where (348297) inhabitants live,¹ basically on agriculture (90% of the inhabitants), the annual amounts extracted annually are about 120 million cubic meter (MCM), 85-90% of it is used for agricultural purposes, and about 10-15% is used for other purposes, where the recharge didn’t exceed 40m³, which led to a decrease in the level of groundwater. On the

..]]> This study investigates the hydrological, hydrogeological and environmental conditions in Amran basin that covers approximately 1590 km². The importance of this study is to identify the different environmental conditions associated with the socio-economic development, increase of population of Amran basin, depletion of groundwater, production of large quantity of industrial and domestic wastewater and the increase in using the fertilizer and pesticides for agriculture purposes. The soci

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/the-effect-of-gypsiferous-water-on-biological-activities-of-atrazine-2-4-d-and-metolachlor/ 2009-03-11 2018-10-30 Introduction Mine effluents disposal is a key threat to the environment in most mining areas of the world. In most cases the effluents are merely drained into some selected areas, and in worst cases it is drained into rivers or streams. Both ways the effluents cause negative effects on the environments, mainly because these effluents add heavy metals to the areas of effluents disposal. However, in some parts of the world efforts are being made to minimize this threat. Effluents are now used f

..]]> Mine water effluents are a danger to the environment as they contain toxic materials such as heavy metals. In some cases though, efforts are made to neutralise the effluents so that the mine water is used for crop irrigation. However, suspected herbicide injury to crops has been reported in areas where gypsiferous water is used for irrigation, suggesting interaction between herbicides and gypsiferous water. Utilization of gypsiferous water for irrigation of crops is one major method promising to

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/changes-in-liver-function-markers-in-albino-rats-exposed-to-crude-petroleum-bonny-light/ 2009-01-30 2018-11-22 Introduction The use of petroleum samples as medicaments either due to poverty or ignorance is becoming a source of worry. Unfortunately, the elderly and children are mostly victims. Crude petroleum is usually given to some children when they convulse as anticonvulsant in rural areas of the country. This act is carried out in spite of the mounting evidence that petroleum samples are harmful (Ayalogu, et al., 2001,Igboh, et al., 2001 and Dede, et al., 2002). Incidentally, the liver is the

..]]> The use of petroleum samples as medicaments either due to poverty or ignorance is becoming a source of worry. Unfortunately, the elderly and children are most vulnerable. Crude petroleum is usually given to some children when they convulse as anticonvulsant. Incidentally, the liver is the site where most drugs and other ingested substances are metabolized and detoxified. It was based on this, that some liver function enzymes such as the transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities were empl

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/sustainability-in-rangeland-systems-introduction-of-fuzzy-multi-objective-decision-making/ 2009-05-07 2018-11-14 Introduction Land degradation and overgrazing are nowadays two main fundamental threats in rangeland systems (Box 2002; Buss and Nuppenau 2002; Howery et al., 2000; Miller 2005; Walker and Hodgkinson 2000). Consequently, their current capability to produce edible forage for livestock is less than their potential1 (Azadi 2005; Umrani 1998). Globally, rangelands are at risk from numerous pressures (Mitchell et al., 1999) mainly arising from inappropriate rangeland management systems. The scie

..]]> It is widely recognized that approaching sustainability in rangeland management needs to take many criteria into consideration which unavoidably calls for the application of multi-criteria decision making approach. Bearing conflicting objectives in mind, which are mainly conservation and utilization, we have introduced fuzzy multi-objectives decision making as a suitable approach when sustainability in rangeland management is a goal. While some extensions of the approach are discussed, interacti

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/concentration-of-heavy-metals-in-water-and-sediment-samples-from-ero-river-in-southwestern-nigeria/ 2009-03-07 2018-11-14 Introduction With the global aspiration for the provision of potable water for the teeming population, management of water resources with respect to storage, presentation, acceptability and distribution should be of utmost important, this is the reason why the integrity of some major rivers that serves as tributaries to our major dams are kept as regards pollutants distribution. The advent of technological advancement and industrial revolution in many parts of the world, has resulted into c

..]]> The distribution of heavy metal concentration in water and sediment samples from Ero River in South western, Nigeria was carried out for a period of dry and wet season. For both seasons Ni, Cd, Co were not detected in the water samples, while all metal examined were detected in the sediment samples. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the sediments than water sample. On the average the concentration of most the heavy metals appears higher in the dry season than wet season. The resu

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/effect-of-liming-on-soil-properties-yield-and-nutrient-uptake-by-wheat/ 2009-03-05 2018-11-22 Introduction Wheat grain is one of the most important cereal crops in Bangladesh. The wheat yield in this country is low. There are several reasons that can explain the yield variation, which cover both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic factors, unavailability of high yielding varieties,1 incidence of diseases and pests² and abiotic factors such as high temperature,3 moisture stress4 and nutrient deficiency5,6,7 are responsible for lower productivity of w

..]]> A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of liming on chemical properties of wheat field soils and yield of wheat in Ranisankail soil series of Bangladesh. There were eight treatments of liming material applied from dolomite (CaCO3.MgCO3). Yield and yield components of wheat were recorded at harvest and the grain and straw were analyzed for P, S, Ca and Mg contents. The post harvest soils were analyzed for pH, available P, Ca and Mg. The application of different rates of lime to soil progre

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/gasoline-induced-haematological-changes-and-the-associated-hepatotoxicity-in-albino-rats/ 2009-01-31 2018-10-30 Introduction In Nigeria, the oil industry is the most important sector of the economy. Unfortunately the incidence of recorded environmental pollution, due to high rate of petroleum-related activities have been associated with frequent oil spills, especially through oil well blowouts, tankers accidents, rupture of pipelines, and sabotage. These mishaps result in the release of Crude Oil and refined petroleum products into the terrestrial and aquatic environment (Wemedo, et. al., 2002).. Inc

..]]> Haematological and biochemical indices were used to monitor the toxicity of gasoline in  albino rats.The rats were placed in four groups and were intraperitoneally administered 0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 10.0g/kg of gasoline, respectively, for 2 phase periods of 1 and 2 months. At the end of each period, rats were withdrawn from each group for analysis. The control rats were similarly treated with normal saline. Blood samples were taken for analysis of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV),

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/physico-chemical-characteristics-of-certain-water-bodies-of-bhopal-india/ 2009-05-02 2018-11-22 Introduction In India about 3.15 million ha water area fall under reservoirs and 47% of this i.e., 1.48 million ha is contributed by small reservoirs alone (Sugunan, 1997). There are many wetlands available in different parts of the country. The freshwater in these wetlands is amongst the most critical factors limiting urban growth, agriculture, fisheries development and other aquatic resources. Madhya Pradesh is the second largest geographic unit of the county with an area of 3, 08, 245 km

..]]> The aim of this study is to assess physico-chemical characteristics and coliform levels to assess status of six water bodies i.e., Upper Lake at Boat Club and at Kamla Park, Motia Talab, Lower Lake, Shahpura Lake and Kalia Saut dam of Bhopal, M.P. The present study was carried out during monsoon season, 2008. The range of water quality parameters were observed as pH from 7.08 to 7.5, electrical conductivity from 0.17 to 0.56, total dissolved solids from 116.00 to 172.0, total hardness from 67.0

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/physio-chemical-analysis-of-industrial-effluents-in-thane-region-of-maharashtra-india/ 2008-08-21 2018-11-14 Introduction Water is the most vital resource for all kinds of life on this planet, but it is being adversely affected both quantitively and qualitatively by all kinds of life human activities on Land, Air and Water. Today most of the rivers of world receive millions of litre sewage domestic waste and industrial effluents containing varying in characteristics from simple nutrients to highly toxic substances. Urban pollution increases rapidly by industrial developments. Industrializatio

..]]> Thane district is one of the most industrialized districts in the state. The heavy industrialization and the increasing urbanization are responsible for the rapidly increasing stress on the water environment of the area. Therefore an attempt has been made to study the physico chemical properties of effluents and to know the pollution load on the environment. Effluent Samples were obtained from various industries such as bulk drug chemicals, textile, and rubber chemicals, vitamin products, agroch

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/assessment-of-industrial-effluent-and-underground-water-during-monsoon-season-2007-in-sitapura-industrial-area-jaipur/ 2009-05-16 2018-11-14 Introduction The industrial effluents may contain one or more of the contaminants like high suspended solids, oil, high dissolved solids, high residual chlorine and pH value outside the permitted range.1 There are many human-originated impacts that degrade the water and decrease its quality, with direct and indirect effects on the water courses. The industries are a source of punctual pollution with considerable impacts on the hydric resources, due to diversity in the composition of

..]]> Study of industrial effluents and underground water of Sitapura Industrial Area was carried out during monsoon season 2007. The main purpose of this study was to assess the quality of industrial effluents and its effects on the underground water. Waste water samples were collected from 4 textile, 4 pharmaceutical, 4 printing, 4 food products industries and 3 samples of mixed effluents. Underground water samples were collected at both sites of the nala and nearby different industries. These sampl

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/time-series-modeling-and-forecast-of-river-flow/ 2009-05-06 2018-11-14 Introduction Hydroinformatics focus on applications of advanced information technologies and statistical tools for better understanding and management of the hydrological phenomenon. Hydrological phenomenons are cyclic and stochastic in nature. In hydroinformatics the river is considered as a water-based asset, with flows patterns largely as stochastic. River can be considered both as a generic object with properties pertaining to the flow behavior and as a particular object with its own un

..]]> Changing climate, human interventions to natural water flow pattern, haphazard urbanization etc., are the reasons for intense flood even after development of so many structural measures of overflow control. Kulfo River basin is situated in relatively dry southern area of the Ethiopia and is still under geographical modification with hilly topography and impervious soil texture. The concern of the present research is to simulate flood episode in order to develop flood management strategies to red

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/correlation-study-on-physico-chemical-parameters-and-quality-assessment-of-ground-water-of-thane-region-maharashtra/ 2008-08-20 2018-11-13 Introduction Water is one of the materials required to sustain life. In India ponds, river water and ground water are used for domestic and agricultural purposes. Ground water is the major source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas. Ground water pollution is not due to natural factors but it has been caused by human actions. The quality of ground water may be described according to their physico chemical and micro biological characteristics. In recent years along with physico chem

..]]> Thane is the third most industrialized district in the Maharashtra state. The area is characterized by hard water and high salinity hazard due to it’s proximity and hydraulic connection with the sea. Therefore an Attempt has been made to assess the physico-chemical Parameters of ground waters of Thane Region, Maharashtra during Oct. Nov. 2008. Statistical studies have been carried out by calculating correlation coefficient between different pairs of parameters and t-test applied for ch

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/investigation-in-activity-time-budget-and-social-organization-of-indian-black-buck-antilope-cervicapra-linn-mammalia-artodactyla-at-m-c-zoological-park-chhatbir-pb-india/ 2009-05-05 2018-11-22 Introduction Indian Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra) Linn. is a state animal of Haryana and Punjab. Its presence indicates the health of an ecosystem as it is an important part of grazing food chain. Due to increased urbanization and ever increasing human population, there is found a great pressure on the population of black buck. It is protected in natural conditions in different deer parks in the states of Haryana and Punjab. The deer park of Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological park, Chhatbir

..]]> Indian Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra) Linn. is a state animal of Haryana and Punjab. The present study has been conducted at M.C Zoological park, Chhatbir (Pb). The present study revealed that black buck is early riser and temperature and sunlight affects in activities and social organisation. Females found in herds and herds of males never seen.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/analysis-of-water-quality-of-bore-wells-of-kolar-road-area-of-bhopal-m-p-india/ 2009-04-16 2018-11-03 Introduction The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of domestic sewage on water quality by percolation. Geochemistry and topography of the study area is also playing an important role in the ground water occurrence. The increase in population coupled with unplanned urbanization and industrialization have resulted into damage and deterioration in groundwater quality. Any shift in the naturally dynamic equilibrium exiting among the environmental segments: hydrosphere, atmosphere, lit

..]]> Rapid and reliable monitoring and surveillance methods are essential for keeping a close watch on the water quality, human health and environment. Hence it becomes important to monitor and analyse water of bore-wells used for drinking and irrigational purposes. In the present study water quality of bore-wells of Kolar road area has been done seasonally during the year of 2008-09 for different parameters i.e., temperature, pH, EC, free CO2, chloride, total alkalinity, T-H, Ca-H, Mg-H, D.O., B.O.D

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/statistical-analysis-of-solar-wind-hybrid-system-using-systat-software/ 2009-04-22 2018-11-22 Introduction There is rising need for alternate and renewable sources of energy, especially in developing countries, whose progress and economic growth may strongly be indexed to its development. With the ever increasing growth in energy consumption and rapidly depleting fossil fuel reserves, it is feared the world will soon exhaust its fossil fuel reserves. The electrification level in rural areas in south East Asia is about 51%, compared to 90% in urban areas. (Shrestha RM, 2004) It is es

..]]> Energy plays an indispensable role in modern society. We all depend on a constant and reliable supply of energy - for our homes, businesses and for transport. Most of the renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from sun and wind and can never be exhausted. It can be expected that possible applications of hybrid systems could be considered for the efficient utilization of these resources round the year together with possibilities of obtaining Carbon credits in the Carbon Trading. In

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/a-study-of-effectiveness-of-an-inorganic-heterocycle-s6n42-cl2-in-reclamation-of-acidic-soil-of-andaman-and-nicobar-islands/ 2009-01-23 2018-11-09 Introduction The soil of Andaman and Nicobar islands is affected by the halogen salts of alkali metals. The major content of the salt adsorbed on the land surface is leached out by heavy rainwater. Even though few contents of the salt remain adsorbed on the soil resulting the soil to be acidic. Few inorganic hetercyclics like tetrasulphurtetranitride (S4N4), thiotrithiazyl chloride (S4N3)+Cl- have been successfully tested in reclamation of alkaline (Sharma, 1986, 2000) as well as acidic (Shar

..]]> Cyclohexa thiazenium chloride (S6N4)2+Cl2- has been tested against varying pH 3 – 4.5 of acidic soil of Andaman and Nicobar islands. It has been observed that there were remarkable increase in pH 7.4 in normal time.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/assesment-of-heavy-metal-pollution-in-upper-and-lower-lakes-of-bhopal-india/ 2009-06-13 2018-11-28 Introduction Toxic and heavy metals are added in aquatic system from Industrial process, rise in population, domestic sewage discharge, street dust, land run off, fossil fuel burning. Traces of heavy metals such as Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni have been identified as deletrious to aquatic ecosystem and human health. Heavy metals have a great affinity to attack Sulphur bonds; protin, carboxylic acid and amino group there by distrupting the cell metabolism. Heavy Metals ions precipitate the

..]]> In order to assess the water quality of Upper Lake and Lower Lake of Bhopal. With reference to toxic metal contamination, water samples were collected and studied by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry from above ten sampling stations. The results were compared with the tolerance limits as laid down by ISI and USPH. It was concluded that the metals (Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu) are present in water. The cause of this contamination is supposed to be the Immersion of Taziyas and Idols, which are painted wi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/a-study-of-reproductive-behaviour-of-indian-black-buck-antilope-cervicapra-linn-with-reference-to-courtship-breeding-fawning-and-colouration/ 2009-04-28 2018-11-03 Introduction The black buck (Antilope cervicapra), commonly called as Kala Hiran or Krishna Mrig in Hindi is a small gracious Indian antelope found all over India. The black buck is native to the Indian subcontinent. Essentially a species of open plains, it is found in a wide range of habitats from arid grasslands and scrublands to marshy coastal plains and open woodlands (Ranjitsinh, 1989). This species exhibits a high degree of sexual dimorphism; the male is larger than the female, is str

..]]> These species exhibits a high degree of sexual dimorphism; the male is larger than the female, is strikingly coloured in black and white, and sports a magnificent pair of spiralling horns. The black of the male is replaced by an inconspicuous brown in the female. The aggressive behaviour is commonly seen throughout the year. The reproductive behaviour of black buck was recorded during the present study. The mating was primarily observed in the months of March and October. The young ones yellowis

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/studies-on-fecundity-of-snow-trout-schizothorax-richardsonii-gray-from-the-lotic-bodies-of-rajouri-district-jk/ 2008-08-20 2018-11-28 Introduction Fecundity of a fish can be defined as the number of eggs that are likely to be laid during one spawning period or the capacity of the fish in terms of egg production (Bagenal, 1968). It differs in different races of the same species. The measure of fecundity in fishes is a basic determinant of productivity and hence, contributes to fish culture and population dynamics. Important contributions to the study of fecundity in relation to the other parameters of body are made by Das &a

..]]> The present work embodies studies on the reproductive capacity of Snow trout Schizothorax richardsonii collected from various streams of Rajouri district (J&K). About 50 fishes, ranging from 21.0 to 32.9 cm of total length, were put to the study of fecundity in relation to Fish length, Fish weight, Ovary length, Ovary weight and Ova diameter. The other aspects studied include relationship between Fish length and Ovary length, Ovary weight and Ova diameter. All the parameters were put to

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/polarographic-reduction-of-pralidoxime-and-obidoxime-at-hanging-mercury-drop-electrode/ 2009-04-16 2018-11-13 Introduction Pralidoxime (2-[(hydroxyimino) methyl]-1-methylpyridin-1-ium) (PRL) and Obidoxime (1, 1'-[oxybis (methylene)]bis{4-[(E)- (hydroxyimino) methyl] pyridinium) (OBD) are used to combat poisioning by organophosphates. Azomethine group containing drugs have been in wide use because of their pharmacokinetic properties (1-3). Several researchers have reported the determination of azomethine group containing drugs. (4-10). Determination of PRL was carried out by HPLC (26). Spect

..]]> The polarographic reduction behavior of Pralidoxime (PRL) and Obidoxime (OBD) at a Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE) was exploited for their determination in different samples. Based on the obtained differential pulse polarograms, standard addition method was used to determine these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluid samples. Linearity in the peak currents was achieved in the concentration ranges of 5.4 x 10-8 to 4.0 x 10-5 M and 2.8×10-8 to1.4×10-5

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/bioremediation-of-thermal-wastewater-by-pithophora-sp/ 2009-02-28 2018-11-09 Introduction Water is the most ubiquitous material of nature and a vital fascination of all God’s creation. In recent years, increasing industrialization, urbanization and developmental activities to cope with the population explosion has given rise to them inevitable waste crisis. Increases in environmental contamination have lead to a progressive deterioration of a qualitative environment. This condition challenges global society and paves way for redemptive measures to reverse

..]]> The interaction of microorganisms with pollutants has opened up new vistas to an exciting field of research for environmentalists. The unprecedented interest in bioremediation and its applications stems from the failure of aggressive and invasive treatment methods that disturb ecosystems by cleaning them with unnecessary quantities of chemicals. Therefore, the use of microorganisms represents a viable, cost-effective decontaminated alternative that is based on natural processes and can be adhere

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/the-physico-chemical-characteristics-of-water-quality-of-narayan-talab-satna-m-p-india/ 2009-04-17 2018-11-13 Introduction Water resources in India have reached a point of crisis due to unplanned urbanization and industrialization (Singh, Pathak, & Singh, 2002). Urban water bodies receiving external pressure from human settlements adversely affect nearby aquatic ecosystems. Urbanization has direct negative impacts on water bodies (Khan, Bhatnagar, & Saxena, 1988). Satna district abounds in minerals like calcium, iron, aluminium and silicon and their concentration in water has been rep

..]]> Due to sewage, agricultural and industrial wastes,abnoxious emissions and anthropogenic activities, the freshwater bodies around the world are becoming polluted The water body selected for this study is Narayan Talab of Satna, the District head quarter in Madhya Pradesh, India. The Narayan Talab is one of the important sources of potable water supply for the Satna city. The Talab receives a large amount of domestic wastes, sewage and industrial effluents. It has floating lotus flowers, which are

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/studies-on-systematic-enumeration-of-cucurbit-germplasm-of-bihar/ 2009-04-09 2018-11-08 Introduction Bihar is chiefly based on agriculture. A major portion of its population is dependent on agriculture. A major portion of the land is irrigated by the Ganga and its tributaries which help in increasing the fertility of land. About 29 lacs hectare of land is utilized for agriculture. The family Cucurbitaceae a tropical family containing 110 genera and 640 sps. In India, the family is represented by 37 genera and 97 species. The chief centre of distribution is in Eastern Himalayas.

..]]> In the present paper the systematic enumeration of Cucurbit germplasm of Bihar State has been described. The three genera recorded from field were Luffa, Momordica and Trichosanthes. Three species of Luffa, five species of Momordica and three species of Trichosanthes were collected and described in detail.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/effect-of-flyash-on-some-physico-chemical-parameters-of-soil-and-growth-of-chickpea-in-arpa-irrigation-project-area-of-bilaspur-district-of-chhattisgarh/ 2009-02-25 2018-11-28 Introduction Agriculture on earth is as old as human civilization. Crop production is directly dependent on the availability of mineral elements in soil. In fact the soil system is viewed as a triple phased system of solid, liquid and gaseous phase. All the macro and micro nutrients except C, H and O originate from soil. These nutrients are based in the solid phase and their usual pathway to the plant system is through the surrounding liquid phase, the soil solution and then to plant root and

..]]> A study on the effect of flyash on the physico-chemical characteristics viz. pH, electrical conductivity and trace element concentration, of soil of Arpa irrigation project area of Bilaspur District (C.G.) has been made during present investigation. Results obtained reveal that the increasing proportion of flyash in soil considerably increase the value of these characteristics. Effect of these changes on the growth parameters like root length, chlorophyll content, grain yield per plant and avera

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/an-assessment-of-groundwater-quality-of-chaksu-town-in-rajasthan-india/ 2009-06-12 2018-11-28 Introduction Water is one of the most vital components on earth not only essential for life but also for total well balanced of environmental system. Groundwater forms a major source of drinking water. Ground water moves through varied geological environments and during its flow many chemical compounds will be dissolved in it. The modern civilization, industrialisation, urbanisation and increase in population have lead to fast degradation of our ground water quality. As the water is the mos

..]]> Assessment of underground water quality based on physico-chemical parameters at Chaksu town of Rajasthan has been taken up to evaluate its suitability for domestic’s purpose. 32 ground water samples were collected from different places of Chaksu town of Jaipur district. The quality analysis has been made through the pH, EC, TDS, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD, Total Hardness, Sodium, Pottassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fluoride and Alkanity. A systematic calculatio

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/population-dynamics-and-community-structure-of-zooplankton-inhabiting-in-fish-pond-jammu-india/ 2008-08-22 2018-11-12 Introduction Zooplankton, the microscopic faunal component of lotic and lentic waters serve as an important interlace in the food chain or energy transfer operating in an aquatic ecosystem. Their importance in fishery as live and natural feed for early larval stages is immense. Infact, non availability of right kind of live food at critical period, when fish larvae shift from endogenous to exogenous feeding is responsible for major part of fish biopotential loss (Nikolsky, 1963). This loss

..]]> During the present period of investigation extending from March, 2004 to February, 2005, 15 species of zooplankton belonging to five different taxa viz., Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda, Ostracoda and Cladocera were collected. Three of these taxa, Protozoa, Copepoda and Ostracoda were represented by single species while Rotifera by eight species and Cladocera by four species besides one larval form, the Nauplius. The number of plankton belonging to these taxa exhibited both quantitative and qualita

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/effectiveness-of-sewage-sludge-in-composting-process-of-municipal-solid-waste/ 2009-05-02 2018-11-28 Introduction With the increasing of population quantity as well as industry and economy developing, the output of the municipal solid wastes (MSW) has been increasing. At present, the output of MSW has been exceeded a hundred million tons in most cities In fact, the MSW output has been increasing at 10% each year and now it has been accumulated gradually to ninety hundreds million tons in the past years. Most cities have been surrounded by the MSW ( Zhao & Liu 2005), Because the cal

..]]> Present study determines that 60 days degradation period used for composting of Municipal solid waste with sewage sludge was beneficial as rate of composting process has enhances due to optimum favorable conditions provided as well the catalyst used for the composting process as sewage sludge have shown tremendous progress in increasing the fertility of compost compared with the control samples. Reduction in heavy metal content like Cu, Fe, Ni, Mg, Mn, Zn etc has been observed after the composti

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/assessment-of-ground-water-quality-in-and-around-industrial-areas-in-aurangabad-district-of-maharashtra/ 2009-05-22 2018-11-12 Introduction Aurangabad District is located mainly in Godavari Basin and its some part towards North West of Tapi River Basin. This District’s general down level is towards South and East and North West part comes in Purna –Godavari river basin. The Aurangabad district’s North Longitude ( Degree) is 19 and 20 and East Longitude (Degree ) is 74 to 76. Aurangabad is a success story of MIDCs efforts towards a balanced industrialization of the state. A city with

..]]> The suitability of water for various domestics and potable uses was studied by analyzing samples from different bore well sampling sites, located in and around industrial areas in Aurangabad. The physico-chemical parameter of above sampling sites indicates that domestically used water is much more polluted. Maximum samples have high EC. TDS. TH. TA. Cl- . Ca++. COD. Values exceeding the permissible limits for drinking purpose. It is observed that the main sources of the pollution are due to indu

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/adsorption-studies-of-toxic-heavy-metals-from-waste-water-by-acacia-arabica-bark/ 2009-05-06 2018-11-12 Introduction The contribution of heavy metals and their ions to water pollution is a very serious problem, largely because the physiological effects of some of them may be dangerous even at concentrations that are extremely low. Waste water containing heavy metal ion mainly originates from metal processing industries, chemical industries and other industrial processes.1,2,3 In recent years considerable attention has been devoted to the study of different types of low cost material2,4,5 s

..]]> The adsorption technique using chemically treated powder of bark of Acacia arabica was applied for the removal of toxic heavy metals from polluted waste water. The extent of adsorption found to be dependent on the pH and the time of contact. The adsorbent is effective for the quantitative removal of various toxic metals from the contaminated aqueous sample. The method is quite feasible, economic and time saving. The concentration of unadsorbed metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrop

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/global-warming-the-causes-and-effects-and-indian-climate-change-and-policies/ 2008-09-02 2018-11-09 Introduction Global warming has often been described as one of the most serious environmental problems ever to confront humanity as this problem is inextricably linked to the process of development and economic growth it self. Since greenhouse gases are generated by burning fossil fuels as in power plants, factories and automobiles, it is not easy to reduce emissions, since virtually every facet of our lives as intimately tied to the consumption of energy. Climate change is an unusually dif

..]]> India as a developing country does not have any commitments or responsibilities at present for reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2 that lead to global warming, pressure is increasing on India and other large, rapidly developing countries like China and Brazil to adopt a more protective role. The sources cited in this research paper are mainly taken from the internet. However as the main focus of this article is on policies and not on science, I hope that this research paper do

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/variation-in-energy-reserve-in-rana-tigrina-and-bufo-melanostictus-during-annual-seasonal-cycle/ 2008-08-18 2018-12-04 Introduction Amphibians are ectothermal vertebrates and like other poikilotherms are markedly influenced by seasonal change in temperature and water availability. Rana Tigrina and Bufo Melanostictus are two common Indian anurans. They under go four different phases during their annual biological cycle. Hibernation or winter sleep (Dec.-Feb.) and aestivation or summer torpidity (April-June) are periods of dormancy. During these periods they maintain minimum metabolic activities, practically

..]]> Blood glucose, liver and muscle glycogen total serum protein and fat body are estimated during four phases of their annual. Liver glycogen was high during period of dormancy but low during breeding. Fat body weight was high during hibernation but low during post breeding season. Serum protein was high during hibernation and aestivation but low during breeding and post breeding seasons

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/chemical-analysis-of-water-from-different-ponds-of-newara-village-of-bilaspur-c-g-india/ 2009-05-01 2018-11-10 Introduction A few decades ago, water was considered as plentiful and in-expensive resource. But rapid industrialization, urbanization and agricultural development have made it as a scarce resource.3 Contamination of surface water together with economic development have contributed for pollution of surface water. With growing load of population, the situation is worst in India. Availability of surface and ground water is sharply decreasing day by day.12 In many Indian citi

..]]> In present investigation samples of water from different ponds of Newara Village of Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh have been collected and analysed for the presence of various ions, hardness and alkalinity. We report a considerable increase in their values and thereby provide a base for recommendation for no-use of pond water specially for cooking, drinking and bathing.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/statistical-approach-to-monthly-variations-of-physico-chemical-factors-at-lower-lake-of-bhopal-in-relation-to-insect-fauna/ 2009-06-04 2018-11-28 Introduction Aquatic insects play important role in the aquatic community. They are involved in the mineralization and recycling of organic matter. Bioindicators are organisms employed to assess general toxicity of the environment. These organisms by their presence or absence and in all features of their phenotype and physiology serve as an indicator of environmental status. Thus both the positive and negative facts of the environment can be monitored through biological system. Several biot

..]]> A study on monthly variations of insects was made in Lower lake of Bhopal, during June 2002 to May 2004. Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Odonata and Trichoptera dominated insects, The density of total population of insects ranged between 201 org/sqm to 450 org/sqm having higher percentage composition of Coleoptera during most of the study period. Physico-chemical factors (water temperature, conductivity, pH and dissolved oxygen) were also estimated and their correlation with total

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/water-quality-assessment-of-kalingarayan-canal-at-erode-district-tamilnadu-india/ 2009-01-27 2018-11-28 Introduction Kalingarayan canal of 750 years old travels a distance of about 90 kms from Kalingarayan anicut to Avudayaparai. It is 534 foot above sea level where it originates and its sea level is 412.40 foot where it merges with the Noyyal river. The channel traverses a serpentine route. The survey of land showed that it irrigated an area of 15743 acres. It has been in practice to open its water gates for irrigation for a period of 320 days from June to April every year. Flow of water

..]]> Kalingarayan canal is one of the historically important irrigation water sources in Erode District. Recently the water in the channel being polluted by letting out untreated tannery and textile effluents. It has been decided, therefore, to carryout a study on the quality of water and its pollutional load. The quality of water is determined by examining physicochemical and biological characteristics. In order to present a simple and comprehensive Water Quality Index (WQI) that could be understood

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/the-water-quality-assessment-at-historical-places-ellora-caves-and-khultabad-area-of-aurangabad-region/ 2009-02-28 2018-11-28 Introduction With its many fold shining aspects, Aurangabad is also world famous for its historical Ellora caves and Mughal emperor Aurangajeb’s Tomb at Khultabad. These places are 33 and 30 km. away respectively from Aurangabad. The ancient town Ellora is situated on the bank of river Yelganga which originates from nearby basaltic mountains of Deccan platue. The location oif Ellora is 20° 00’ N and 75° 10’ E. It is also famous for its pilgrim the

..]]> Assessment of drinking water quality which involves physicochemical parameters revealed that the sample characteristics are varied considerably. In all, nine water samples were selected, out of which four samples were from Ellora caves and five from Khultabad. The water samples were assessed for parameters such as Temperature, pH, BOD, COD, Hardness, SO42-, Nitrate and Fluoride. The period of assessment was from September to December 2008.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/seasonal-variation-in-physico-chemical-aspects-of-a-fish-pond-jammu-india/ 2008-08-22 2018-11-10 Introduction The survival, distribution and growth of a species are attributes necessary to build healthy population which depend upon various ecological factors (abiotic and biotic) operating in an ecosystem. Therefore, for understanding adjustibilities & adaptations that an organism has to undertake for successful completion of its life cycle, it is imperative that one makes an inquisite study of organisms and its interaction with environment (Welch, 1952). Several workers who hav

..]]> In the present investigation (from march 2004 – February 2005), a fish pond was selected at University of Jammu, Jammu to study the physico-chemical properties of water for the assessment of its quality. The physico-chemical factors such as temperature, pH, free carbon dioxide, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), Carbonate (CO32-), Bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Chloride were investigated. Temperature fluctuated from 11oC to 28oC, pH from 7.7 to 9, DO from 7.2 mg/l to 14

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol4no1/effect-of-mass-bathing-on-the-water-quality-of-narmada-river-at-district-hoshangabad-m-p-india/ 2009-06-12 2018-11-03 Introduction Narmada-the largest west flowing river of India, originates from eastern Madhya Pradesh at Amarkantak (situated at 20°40’N and 80°45’ E) flows towards west and joins Arabian Sea. During the festivals, mass bathing is performed by pilgrims, which significantly contributes to the pollution load in the river and as a consequence deteriorated the water quality. The study has been carried out to assess the water quality of river water during mass ba

..]]> In River Narmada, pollution load increases due to mass bathing, physico-chemical analysis of water clearly indicates that water quality deteriorates and it take longer time to recover the previous water quality through self purification process.The minimum and maximum pH was recorded in the range of 7.20 to 7.61 where the pH value of drinking water standard (6.5 to 8.5). The DO level was observed in the range of 8.20 to 10.2mg/L during study. The values of BOD were found in the range of <

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