mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pintegration-of-multi-criteria-decision-model-analytic-hierarchy-process-and-geographic-information-system-for-landfill-site-selection-an-overview-of-varanasi-cityp/ 2024-10-30 2024-10-30 IntroductionEvolution of human beings is undoubtedly one of the magnificent creations of mother nature, but unfortunately, the anthropogenic activities have wounded the environment. Solid waste generation is one of human activities that negatively impacts the environment in rural, urban and metropolitan areas, and improper handling of the trash has made the issue worse. Currently, a number of strategies are being employed to lessen the quantity of solid waste; nonetheless, increasing ur

..]]> Effective solid waste management is essential in urban areas. Despite efforts by local authorities in Indian cities to handle waste through various methods, landfilling remains the most convenient disposal method. This study aims to identify the optimal site for scientific landfilling in Varanasi City using a multi-criteria decision-making model, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Geographic Information System (GIS). Initially, a comprehensive literature review, the Municipal Solid Waste Ma

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pimpact-of-srinagar-dam-on-wetland-ecosystems-and-socio-economic-dynamics-in-the-alaknanda-basin-uttarakhandp/ 2024-11-15 2024-11-15 IntroductionWetlands, characterized by their unique ecological features, represent an essential interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They play a pivotal role in maintaining biodiversity, regulating water regimes, and providing livelihoods to surrounding communities. The interplay of these factors makes wetlands indispensable to both environmental stability and socio-economic development. Globally, wetlands are recognized for their critical ecosystem services, including water pur

..]]> Wetlands are critical ecosystems that bridge terrestrial and aquatic environments, playing a vi-tal role in maintaining biodiversity, supporting agriculture, and mitigating natural disasters. This study focuses on the Srinagar Dam in the Alaknanda River basin in the Pauri Garhwal dis-trict of Uttarakhand, India. The construction of the Srinagar Hydroelectric Project (SHEP) has transformed the local wetland ecosystem, with significant implications for the environment, society, and economy. The re

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/p-classmsonormaltraditional-dual-tank-water-management-a-study-of-kolakanatham-in-perambalur-district-tamil-naduopopp/ 2024-11-15 2024-11-15 IntroductionIn India, rainwater harvesting for various purposes, such as drinking, agriculture, and sociocultural activities, is widespread.1 Rural areas across the country are characterized by the ubiquitous presence of tanks and ponds, which serve as focal points of daily life. In South India, regions where perennial water sources are scarce and settlements are distant from rivers and tributaries, communities have relied on constructing artificial water-holding structures. Often based on tradi

..]]> Societies make rainwater harvesting structures to collect and store rain water to cater for their immediate and future needs. In a remote village in the Perambalur district, the people use the dual temple tank, nearly 350 years old, for their drinking purposes. This study tries to understand the traditional knowledge embedded in the dual pond structures, cascade aerators, and an open well connected with the ground aquifer inside the tank. This study delves into projected rainfall trends using NA

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/panalysing-the-land-use-land-cover-by-using-multi-spectral-remote-sensing-data-in-tehri-garhwal-uttarakhandp/ 2024-12-09 2024-12-09 IntroductionHuman depends on land and water resources for the fulfilment of their own needs thus land plays an important role as natural resource for the developmental point of view.1 Land is the foundation of all terrestrial ecosystem services and an essential natural resource for human survival.2 Globally, LULC changes are now recognized as the primary factor influencing changes in ecosystem services, and Tehri Garhwal is seeing significant changes throughout the district.3 Growth in the popul

..]]> Land use and land cover (LULC) changed drastically throughout the time frame, today there are various factors which is responsible for changes in agricultural land use, anthropogenic and natural factors both have reasons for it, anthropogenic factors like infrastructural development, agricultural activities, recreation activities play major role, natural factors like forest fires, climate change mainly responsible, The investigation studies in modifications in LULC, More than two decades, resear

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pregional-variations-in-the-soil-characteristics-of-the-ghiror-block-in-uttar-pradeshs-mainpuri-districtp/ 2024-12-20 2024-12-20 IntroductionSoil is the principal nutrient repository for crops. Nutrients such as macronutrients and micronutrients are important for plants in promoting growth, architecture, and different cycles1. Comparing various nutrients nitrogen is one of the major primary nutrients in plant proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll. Phosphorus helps in the development of roots and is a stabilizing agent in the soil2. While potassium is crucial for improving leaf quality, enzyme operation, abdominal contr

..]]> Soil serves as the basis for plant growth and is essential for agricultural output. Soil testing is decisive in modern agriculture for assessing fertility, nutrient status, and crop suitability. In the current study an attempt has been made to ascertain currents spatial variability of soils from seven different villages of Ghiror Block three different soil samples of each village were gathered from 0-15 cm depth section, and it was examined using the help of standard laboratory techniques. There

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/passessment-of-temporal-flow-variations-due-to-dam-operation-a-case-study-of-bargi-dam-jabalpur-district-indiap/ 2024-12-27 2024-12-27 IntroductionA nation's progress depends greatly on management of its water resources, which must be done with great care. In India, scenario regarding water resources is represented in Table 1. Total yearly input of water is estimated as 4000 km3 occurring through precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) and out of that 53% either get lost through the evaporation process or turn into soil moisture. Remaining part, about 47%, which become the flow in the rivers. Out of the total precipitation r

..]]> The case study dam project, Bargi Dam, situated in Madhya Pradesh, India, is among the initial major dams, that have already been constructed as part of a proposed series of thirty dams along the Narmada River. This dam was operational since the year 1988. The temporal fluctuations in the flow were assessed by applying the Range of Variability Approach (RVA) using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) software. When assessing the impact of the dam on the flow regime, duration of 13 years

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pthunderstorms-and-their-influence-on-meteorology-and-atmospheric-composition-over-southern-peninsular-indiap/ 2024-12-27 2024-12-27 IntroductionA thunderstorm is a dynamic meteorological event marked by thunder and lightning, typically accompanied by rain, turbulence, strong winds, and sometimes severe squalls. These storms can lead to flash floods, trigger landslides, ignite wildfires from lightning strikes, and produce tornadoes, hail, and other dangerous conditions that pose significant risks to life and property on a regional scale. 1-2 In addition, the strong wind raises dust and light particles above the ground that al

..]]> The study examines the long-term (2011-2023) analysis of thunderstorm and lightning activities and their impacts on local meteorology and air pollutants over Bengaluru. The diurnal thunderstorm events occur mainly in the late evening hours (1900–2100 IST) and on monthly maximum in May while minimum in January. Annually, Bengaluru experiences an average of 41 thunderstorms and 157 lightning strikes, both of which have shown a statistically significant upward trend at a 95% confidence level. The

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/poptimization-of-cellulases-under-solid-state-fermentation-by-newly-isolated-fungus-an-environmentally-sustainable-approachp/ 2025-01-07 2025-01-08 IntroductionBioethanol, derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LB), possesses the potential to substitute our reliance on conventional petroleum fuel. LB, being a renewable and carbon-neutral resource, serves as an excellent raw material with vast potential for sustainable bioethanol production. This, in turn, can contribute to mitigating climate change and ensuring long-term energy security. The bioconversion process of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) into ethanol involves three main steps: pretrea

..]]> There exists a substantial interest in advancing the commercial production of cellulolytic enzymes. This drive is fueled by the pursuit of cost-effective substrates and energy-efficient fermentation processes, all aimed at enhancing the economic viability of enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) into bioethanol. In the present study, emphasis was given to the isolation of superior cellulase-producing fungal isolate. A comprehensive collection of 199 fungal isolates was derived fro

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pthe-role-of-molluscs-in-monitoring-marine-pollution-and-its-connection-to-climate-change-and-esgp/ 2024-12-09 2024-12-09 IntroductionDue to their widespread occurrence, ecological diversity, and ability to bioaccumulate pollutants, molluscs are often used as bioindicators of marine pollution. As bioindicators, molluscs can signal the state of environmental health and the presence of contaminants. The advantages of using molluscs include their sedentary nature, which makes them representative of local conditions; their ability to accumulate and reflect levels of pollutants such as heavy metals, organic contaminants

..]]> Molluscs possess a unique capability to filter and remove pollutants from water, offering a natural and effective solution to combat marine pollution. Their filtration process not only enhances water quality but also mitigates the detrimental impacts of contaminants on marine ecosystems. As climate change introduces unprecedented challenges, the resilience of molluscs—particularly in adapting to rising temperatures and ocean acidification—highlights their critical role in sustaining marine e

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pa-critical-review-on-the-indoor-air-quality-status-of-schools-in-indiap/ 2024-12-27 2024-12-27 IntroductionIndoor air quality (IAQ) significantly impacts human health and well-being. Suboptimal environmental air quality can lead to respiratory and other diseases among students worldwide. The current pandemic-dominated era requires more urgent actions to determine its impact burden. Recently, India has been the center of attention regarding the deteriorating air quality in winter. Not just in Delhi, but most of the northeast states started suffering from smog. The deteriorating outdoor env

..]]> The quality air in the indoor environment significantly impacts anthropological health and well-being. Suboptimal environmental air quality can lead to respiratory and other diseases among students worldwide. The objective of this study is to scientifically evaluate and summarize the available data on Indoor Air Quality in Indian school settings, based on a review of relevant research papers. From the 172 articles analysed, there are only 36 articles related to the Indian perspectives on indoor

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pa-review-on-mechanical-improvements-and-environmental-benefits-of-rice-husk-reinforced-polymer-compositesp/ 2024-10-16 2024-10-16 IntroductionAdvancements in science and technology have made it essential to develop engineering materials that are both strong and light weight, tailored to specific requirements and cost effective with minimal energy usage. The need for such high performance engineering materials has prompted a lot of research in developing composite materials. Recently, the composite sector has been expanding swiftly and has made a substantial impact on the materials industry. Composite materials result from

..]]> The continuous advancement in science and technology necessitates the development of engineering materials tailored to specific requirements and cost-effective with minimal energy consumption. Consequently, there has been a surge in research dedicated to the fabrication of composite materials. Traditionally, the inclusion of synthetic fibers like glass or carbon is a common practice to reinforce composites and impart the necessary properties. However, their slow biodegradability poses environmen

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pecosystem-health-assessment-in-kalimpong-district-west-bengal-india-based-on-ahp-vors-modelp/ 2024-11-15 2024-11-15 IntroductionNatural ecosystem in the world has been converted at unprecedented rate by a rapid increase of industrialization and urbanization and its outcome results in the degradation of ecosystem services.2-5Ascertaining the tremendous human impact on ecosystem services,6 it is necessary to detect and evaluate the impacts of anthropogenic actions on ecosystem health (EH).7-9 Ecosystem health can be defined as an ability of ecosystem that connect with the needs of society and control it quality

..]]> The present research paper proposes an AHP model based on integrating weight and VORS modelis used to prepare of ecosystem health conditions map in Kalimpong district of West Bengal from 1991 to 2021. In this study, LULC map is prepared based onlandsat-5 (for 1991) and also landsat-8 (for 2021)applyingArcgis 10.3.1.The district is covered by 7 types of LULCclasses such as agriculture fallow land, forest,social forestry, agriculture plantation, build up area, agriculture land and water bodies1. L

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pevaluation-of-green-building-parameters-to-improve-the-green-rating-system-of-existing-non-rating-buildingp/ 2024-10-25 2024-10-25 IntroductionOptimization of resources is a key factor in any type of construction project, resources optimization leads to making the project financially viable. Various factors such as energy, water, electricity, environment etc. play a key role in making buildings green by optimization.1 studied the green building parameters and mentioned the importance of the design and development of the building.2 mentioned challenges faced in scarcity of water and the use of roof rainwater harvesting is th

..]]> There are various activities which are creating adverse impact on environment construction is one of them. Construction industries are having potential to reduce the environmental impact by constructing green building, net zero energy building etc. The various rating agencies have developed different tools for designing and development of green building. The present study consists of study of various green building parameters of non-rated building to convert into rated building. Total 21 paramet

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pmitigating-air-pollution-and-protecting-public-health-analyzing-the-impact-of-national-clean-air-programme-in-kota-rajasthanp/ 2024-11-11 IntroductionThe Government of India, through its Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC), took a major step in January 2019 by launching the National Clean Air Program (NCAP) to reduce particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) pollution levels by 20-30% by 2024, taking 2017 as the baseline. This initiative focuses on 122 cities across India and provides a structured framework of protocols, plans, and initiatives aimed at enhancing air quality and protecting community health.1 The

..]]> The clean air plan in India involves a set of rules, policies, and initiatives targeted at improving the air quality and public health by way of decreasing emissions from various sources. The study aims to evaluate the impact of National Clean Air Program (NCAP) on lowering air pollution levels and improving public health outcomes in Kota city, Rajasthan, highlighting progress, challenges, and the need for sustained emission control efforts. Kota's selection for this study highlights its si

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/passessment-of-water-quality-characteristics-along-the-course-of-the-yamuna-river-indiap/ 2024-11-11 IntroductionRivers are important source of fresh water and these originates from melting glaciers or springs. Yamuna river is most famous river of India at which is situated National Capital City i.e., New Delhi. A number of small and largecities are situated along its entire stretch which originates at Yamunotri to convergence point to Ganga River which is at Prayagraj.The discharge of various toxic chemicals in river water not only alters the physico-chemical parameters but also the hydro biol

..]]> Yamuna river plays an important role in providing water for irrigation, life and drinking but the development of various small and large cities along its bank has deteriorated river water quality. Various physicochemical parameters of the river Yamuna were assessed over its mountainous region to confluence point near Prayagraj covering a distance of 1376km. The river water samples were studied for temperature, pH, TDS, total alkalinity, total hardness, electrical conductivity, chlorides, sulfate

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pdesign-and-fabrication-of-an-automatic-waste-segregation-and-monitoring-systemp/ 2024-11-16 2024-12-14 IntroductionAround 62 metric tons of solid waste is generated every year in India but it is not being managed effectively in most of the cities which is leading to serious health problems and environmental destruction in many cities1. In many Indian cities, open dumping of waste in landfill sites is unplanned and unregulated but has become a common method of waste disposal2. Currently, India is dealing with many challenges out of which improper waste management is a major challenge. The most dif

..]]> The quantity and composition of solid waste are increasing rapidly due to continuous economic development in many countries. Variation in quantity and composition of waste has become a serious problem for the waste management system in ensuring effectual and eco-friendly management of solid waste. The world generated approximately 2.01 billion tonnes (BT) of solid waste in 2016, which is anticipated to increase to 2.58 BT by 2030 and 3.40 BT by 2050. Currently, only one-fifth of the waste genera

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pevaluation-of-minerals-composition-in-fish-bone-meal-as-organic-fertilizer-development-for-sustainable-environmentp/ 2024-12-16 2024-12-16 IntroductionAgricultural and fishery industries produce enormous organic waste worldwide, estimated at about 998 million tonnes of agricultural waste per year, which accounts for almost 80 percent of the total solid waste. In the state of Terengganu, Malaysia, particularly, wastes originating from fish, such as bones, heads, scales, and offal, have become a modern problem of escalating waste due to the demand for local delicacies made from fish, especially keropok lekor and satar. Undesirable me

..]]> The improper disposal of agricultural waste leads to soil degradation and environmental harm, but this issue can be addressed by converting the waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer, promoting soil health and sustainable farming practices. This study evaluates mineral content in fish bones waste which may support plant growth. FBM was prepared from fish bones collected from the local food processing industry in Terengganu, Malaysia, and nutrient composition was analyzed using the ICP-OES and CHNS

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pmitigation-of-air-pollution-and-its-impact-on-the-lung-health-of-tuberculosis-patients-a-prospective-cohort-study-from-rural-indiap/ 2024-10-04 2024-10-04 IntroductionGlobally, polluted air is the largest environmental health risk factor leading to respiratory diseases, both obstructive and restrictive in nature. Every year 4.3 and 3.7 million people die across the world due to polluted ambient and indoor air respectively1. Tuberculosis (TB) is the world’s second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent2. India ranks amongst the six countries which share 60 % of the global burden of the disease3. Henceforth, the elimination of the d

..]]> Our respiratory system is a primary target of the harmful effects of poor indoor and outdoor air quality; therefore, the present study was undertaken in rural settings of Solan district of HP on 23 Pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed at the Secondary Care level hospital of Solan in 2018 and 2019. Their lung function assessment was undertaken with Spirometry at the beginning and after six months of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT). Accordingly, air quality (indoor and outdoor) was assessed a

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pclimate-extremes-related-with-rainfall-trends-in-agniyar-river-basinp/ 2024-10-16 2024-10-16 IntroductionThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published the 6th assessment report (AR6) which is helpful in understanding current global climate. As per the IPCC AR6 report the global warming in the near-term will touch or go beyond 1.5°C even to the lesser scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions 1. The newest synthesis document from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) published in 2022, which includes recent Nationally Determined Contributions (

..]]> The rainfall extremes variability due to climate change can be detected by the trend analysis. The trend analysis is implemented for the precipitation data period starting from year 1980 to 2021 (42 years) for the Agniyar river basin. The Mann-Kendall (M-K) test is employed to identify trends in precipitation, while The trend's magnitude is calculated using the Sen's slope method. The rainfall trend in Yearly Maximum Daily Rainfall (YMDR), South West Monsoon (SWM), Summer season, North

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pbenthic-foraminifera-and-diatom-relationship-insights-from-rbcl-gene-sequences-in-palk-bayp/ 2024-11-26 2024-11-26 IntroductionThe shells of foraminifera, single-celled marine organisms with calcareous shells, are widely distributed and sensitive to environmental changes.1 Due to this sensitivity, variations in foraminiferal population and species assemblages are widely used as proxies for paleoclimatic and palaeoceanographic reconstructions.2 Several biological factors, including photosynthesis by symbionts, have been reported to contribute to the large variation observed in the disequilibrium of ?18O value

..]]> Understanding the symbiotic relationships between benthic foraminifera and diatoms is crucial for ecological studies, particularly in environmental changes. In this study, DNA barcoding, targeting the rbcL gene, was applied to identify diatoms and evaluate their diversity within the foraminiferal shells in Thondi, Palk Bay. Foraminifera were isolated from the sediment samples collected using grab samplers at six different locations. The separated benthic foraminifera were then used for DNA barco

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pecological-attributes-of-sacred-groves-in-west-khasi-hills-meghalaya-indiap/ 2024-11-12 2024-11-12 IntroductionSacred groves, remnants of ancient, untouched forests, hold immense ecological and cultural significance, particularly within indigenous societies.Meghalaya, nestled in the northeastern corner of India, is a bio-geographical crossroads where the paleo-arctic, Indo-Malayan, and Indo-Chinese realms converge. The state's diverse topography, characterized by significant variations in rainfall, temperature, altitude, and soil types, creates a mosaic of ecological niches that support

..]]> Sacred groves, imbued with cultural significance through associations with deities, rituals, taboos, and ethnic heritage, establish an inseparable connection between contemporary society and historical roots. Across our country, diverse traditional communities engage in nature worship, each expressing their unique ethnic practices. The fundamental belief underlying these practices is the imperative to safeguard all natural creations, characterized by their immense richness in diversity and endem

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/psynthesis-characterization-and-efficiency-of-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-tetrafluoroborate-emimbf4-for-degradation-of-waste-nylon-66p/ 2024-11-26 2024-11-26 IntroductionPlastic is an essential part of modern living. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, when plastics were first created in significant amounts, living without plastic has been increasingly difficult.1 Plastics are very flexible substances with a wide range of applications that have greatly improved human well-being because of their molecular composition and additives. However, plastics present a major treatment and disposal difficulty in the management of urban solid waste beca

..]]> Ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrfluoroborate ([emim]BF4) has shown efficient degradation of waste nylon-66 (polyamide) into its useful monomers. The degradation of nylon-66 was carried out in two different ways. In the first method, [emim]BF4 provides the reaction medium as a solvent where N, N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) works as a catalyst, which promotes the degradation of nylon-66 effectively. The reaction was executed at 290–300 °C for 1 hour. After benzoylation, the benzoy

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/ptrends-and-drivers-of-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-india-a-decadal-analysis-2010-2020p/ 2024-11-26 2024-11-26 IntroductionThis paper analyses the trend and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in India within the period 2010-2020, a decade defined by quick economic growth, urbanisation, and increasing energy demands. At the heart of today's environmental agenda are greenhouse gas emissions, considered one of the most pressing problems of the 21st century. India is regarded as one of the main emitters and a crucial contributor to global climate change efforts, being the world's third-largest GHG

..]]> This paper analyses trends and determinants of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in India in 2010-2020, the decade with some of the fastest economic growth rates and the increased awareness of environmental issues. The research pays attention to India, the world's third-largest emitter of GHG, which will be analysed regarding emissions in four sectors: energy, industry, agriculture, and waste management. A time series analysis of data drawn from national and international agencies, such as the

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/plow-cost-ozone-measurement-device-in-the-chappuis-bandp/ 2024-12-11 2024-12-11 IntroductionOzone in AtmosphereGround level ozone concentration is detected in the atmosphere in varying amounts. Ozone concentration in nature varies with season, altitude, etc.1 Lightning and sunlight also create ozone in nature by breaking oxygen molecules. Naturally, a very small amount of ozone is created in the atmosphere. A significant amount of man-made ozone is created in the lower level of atmosphere due to various processes. Increased ozone concentration in the atmosphere affects our

..]]> Ground level ozone in the atmosphere is an air pollutant. This is formed in the atmosphere through a complex reaction of the chemical substances emitted from the vehicles, plants and many other sources. Its presence close to the earth is harmful to humans, animals, plants and non-living things. Different countries have different permissible level of concentration of ozone in the atmosphere. The Central Pollution Control Board of India has set the permissible limit for ozone concentration at 100

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pethnobotanical-study-of-flora-around-sunni-dam-catchment-area-in-himachal-himalayas-indiap/ 2024-12-11 2024-12-11 IntroductionEthnobotanical knowledge is the result of vast experience with plants since time immemorial and has given us our recognized foods and medicines.1 It has been estimated that there are around 80,000 out of 374,000 plant species are being used globally, for medicinal purposes.2 About 65,000 plant species are used only at home as medicine for the treatment of diseases and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of the people globally follow the same.3,4 Also, medicina

..]]> The present study was carried out during 2021-2022. The study aimed to document and highlight the important species of the study area around the Hydropower project. A total of 77 economically important species were documented from the area, out of which 76 species were recognized as Angiosperms and one as a Gymnosperm. Also, 4 species out of the total species recorded were used as medicine, 37 fuelwoods, 29 fodder, 29 wild edible, 19 timber, 8 agricultural implements, 6 religious, 07 fibres, and

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/ptrend-analysis-of-atmospheric-lifted-index-precipitable-water-and-rainfall-over-hyderabad-indiap/ 2024-12-14 2024-12-14 IntroductionThe atmosphere can be envisioned as a covering enveloping the Earth. The atmosphere is categorised into distinct layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. This study will examine the atmospheric water content, which exists in three states: gas, liquid, and ice. Water evaporates, ascends into the sky, cools, condenses into clouds, and subsequently precipitates; this process is termed the hydrological cycle, which facilitates the movement of water

..]]> This study analyses the temporal patterns of rainfall, precipitable water, and lifted index in the Hyderabad region from 1980 to 2023, employing the Mann-Kendall test and regression analysis. These methods provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating rainfall variation, atmospheric instability and overall long-term climate change. Analysis was carried out using radiosonde data to assess precipitable water and lifted index while employing data from the India Water Resources Information System

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/penhancing-vigna-radiata-growth-and-reducing-metal-toxicity-with-pseudomonas-spp-in-hydroponic-systemsp/ 2024-10-03 2024-10-03 IntroductionThe rapid escalation of industrialization and swift economic progress in numerous sectors, including agriculture and industry, has led to increased environmental pollution. This is primarily due to the discharge of diverse forms of toxic effluents into the surrounding areas, thereby causing significant harm to the environment.1.2 Over the course of the past century, there has been a rapid expansion of industrialization.  A surge in demand for the utilization of the Earth

..]]> Heavy metals in the environment originate from both natural sources and human activity, such as industrial waste and mining. Metals like cadmium, lead, and mercury accumulate in soil, water, and air, which can result in substantial threats to plants and ecosystems. Overexposure to heavy metals in plants leads to regeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and disrupting many metabolic pathways, eventually impacting plant growth and productivity. Microbial bioremediati

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/panalysis-of-sustainable-development-policies-of-marampa-mining-ltd-and-understanding-their-effects-on-society-environment-and-human-resources-of-sierra-leone-west-africap/ 2024-10-07 2024-10-10 IntroductionPaleoanthropologists universally believe that the human species originated from the African continent. This continent covers 11.7 million square miles of the earth’s surface. It is also the second most populous continent of the world after Asia. Geographically we can divide Africa into North – South – East – West – Central regions. Our study focuses on the western region of Africa and specifically centred upon Sierra Leone.Figure 1: Map of Sierra Leone1 Click here to view F

..]]> Sierra Leone, a country situated on the western side of the African continent has its own enriched history of tribes, British colonization, slave trade, Ebola virus outbreak, blood diamonds and mining. This country was under civil war for twelve long years (1991 to 2002). Due to the political turbulence the economy of the country has also suffered largely. Most of the population is still depending upon traditional unorganized agriculture. Sierra Leone is extremely rich in minerals and natural re

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pcultivating-public-perception-and-policy-initiatives-understanding-the-impact-of-environmental-journalism-through-focus-group-discussions-and-secondary-data-analysisp/ 2024-10-08 2024-10-10 IntroductionIn a time characterized by biodiversity loss, climate change, and urgent environmental issues, journalism plays a crucial role in influencing public opinion and advancing legislative efforts.1 Because of its exceptional ability to make difficult scientific concepts understandable to a wide audience, environmental journalism has a significant impact on how society views environmental challenges. This impact has the potential to spur policy changes and steer public policy toward enviro

..]]> Influencing public opinion and policy requires environmental media coverage of significant environmental concerns. Through a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates focus group talks and secondary data analysis, this study examines how environmental journalism affects public opinion and policy formation. The views, awareness, and feelings of participants toward environmental journalism were investigated in the focus groups, which were analyzed using NVivo. When it comes to covering climate

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pcomparative-analysis-of-formal-and-informal-e-waste-disposal-methods-in-gurgaon-implications-for-environmental-pollution-and-public-healthp/ 2024-12-27 2024-12-27 IntroductionE-waste, otherwise known as electronic waste in general encompasses many used computers, mobile phones, television sets and other appliances. This transformation has been accelerated by the present technological advancement and changing consumer preference leading to a higher generation of e-waste.1 An example is e-waste, which comprises Lead*, Mercury*, Cadmium* and flame retardant, all of which have adverse environmental and health impacts. If not well controlled, these hazardous m

..]]> This research aims at the analysis of the effects of formal and informal methods of managing e-waste in Gurgaon–India. Having emerged as one of the most rapidly urbanizing cities in and around the technology belt of India southeastern Gurgaon is confronted with pressing issues of managing its increasing e-waste flow. The study aims to make a comparison of pollution situation as well as health impacts between formal and informal e-waste recycling industries. Research also shows that those metho

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/psustainable-landfill-site-selection-in-urban-areas-case-study-of-millenium-city-in-indiap/ 2024-12-27 2024-12-27 IntroductionEffective management of solid waste presents a notable challenge in urban regions, particularly aggravated by the swift migration of rural dwellers seeking better livelihoods and living conditions.1 In India, urbanization has witnessed substantial expansion, with the urban population surging from 11.4% in 1901 to 31.16% in 2011. Projections suggest that by 2050, fifty percent population will be living in urban areas.2 This trend toward urbanization, along with an increase in per capi

..]]> Landfills remain the predominant approach to managing solid waste in urban settings due to their cost-effectiveness, particularly in developing nations. In this regard, landfill site selection is a serious issue in the urban planning process because of its implications for the economy, environment, ecology, and public health. Municipal Corporation Gurugram records indicate that the city alone generates solid waste of about 1100 metric tons per day. The city's growing urban population and ra

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pforeign-aid-and-co2-emission-impact-on-economic-growth-evidence-from-ethiopiap/ 2025-01-07 2025-01-08 IntroductionForeign aid is also defined as the official assistance known as development cooperation or development finance, which is aid provided from one country to another in form of funds, goods or technology which is given for motives which are permanently of a development nature or with the primary aim of achieving diplomatic relations. It comes in form of cash transfers, or in-kind transfers which is provision of products and services and is normally offered to the desire countries due to

..]]> Foreign aid entails provision of funds or resources or technical assistance by one country to another. The purpose is normally informed by the growth of the recipient nation, mitigation of disasters and assistance with social issues. It may be applied in a multifunctional manner: donations, subsidies, gifts and in-kind for purchases made through grants, loans or donations of goods and services. Generally, it is intended to help countries in distress owing to poverty, calamities, destructions, de

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pdeciphering-groundwater-surface-water-interactions-using-environmental-tracers-in-a-tropical-lake-southwest-indiap/ 2025-01-07 2025-01-08 IntroductionGlobally, lakes boast a colossal water storage capacity of ~42,320 cubic miles, sustaining around one billion people as their primary freshwater source.1 In the global warming scenario, a recent projection suggests that global lake evaporation will increase by approximately 4% per °K, marking a twofold rise compared to the ~2% per °K observed in global ocean evaporation.2 This phenomenon has contributed to the shrinkage and diminished water storage in numerous tropical lakes in rec

..]]> This study focuses on identifying GW-SW interaction locations in a tropical lake - Vellayani Lake (VL), Southwest India, utilizing stable water isotopes (s18O, sD) and chloride mass balance approach. The northern lake region was identified as a critical groundwater discharge “hotspot” with pronounced discharge (2.14×106 - 3.82×106 m³/yr), prompting targeted management interventions. This reaffirms the critical role of groundwater inflow in sustaining the lake’s water balance. Additional

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/premote-sensing-for-reducing-spatial-uncertainty-in-air-pollution-measurements-in-indo-pacific-regionp/ 2025-01-07 2025-01-07 Fossil fuel burning is the major cause of air pollution and climate change1. According to an estimate, every year 4.2 million people die of heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease and lung cancer due to poor air quality2. Air pollution is an important environmental issue in the Asia-Pacific region3-6. It is a threat for human health and ecosystems in the Indo-pacific region too7-12. Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malysia, Taiwan, South Korea and Sri L

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..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/passessment-of-soil-fertility-of-different-landform-of-jiyadhol-river-basin-in-dhemaji-district-assamp/ 2025-01-07 2025-01-07 IntroductionSoil is an essential component of the biosphere and has a wide range of roles in the life of every living being on the planet.1  A fertile soil nurtures the growth of living organisms.2  It stores nutrients and performs a variety of biological functions.3 Therefore, we must define soil production based on its ability to provide essential nutrients to plants.4 This nutrient shortage is caused by changes in land use type, land management strategies, and soil types.5 S

..]]> The current study was conducted to assess the soil fertility status of flood-prone soils in the Jiyadhol river basin in the Dhemaji district of Assam. Four landform units: Piedmont Plain, Upper Alluvial Plain, Lower Alluvial Plain and Flood Plain of the Jiyadhol river basin were delineated. 170 geo-tagged soil samples collected from different location of each landform and physico-chemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that the particle density, bulk density, porosity, field capaci

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/poptimizing-soil-performance-using-cement-kiln-dust-along-with-polymer-integration-for-soil-stabilizationp/ 2025-01-06 2025-01-07 IntroductionMunicipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a challenge in growing urban areas, especially in developing countries like India, due to rapid urbanization and population growth. MSW comprises residential, industrial, construction, municipal and commercial waste. The volume of garbage poses significant challenges for waste management in developing regions like Punjab, India with cities such as Jalandhar facing severe issues. MSW landfills exacerbate problems like landfill gas emissions, odors and le

..]]> The present study explores contaminated soil collected from solid dump yard and its treatment with cement kiln dust in combination with epoxy liquid polymer. The study explores the improvement in mechanical and geotechnical characteristics of stabilized soil’s properties by adding Cement kiln dust and a liquid polymer in different proportions. The comparison for Maximum Dry Density, Unconfined Compressive Strength and California bearing ratio test for untreated and stabilized soil was done. Th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pcurrent-status-of-man-and-animal-conflict-and-e-parihara-in-different-forest-ranges-of-karnatakap/ 2025-01-02 2025-01-03 IntroductionMan-animal conflict (MAC) is a significant global issue, exacerbated by the growing overlap between human settlements and wildlife habitats. As human populations expand and encroach on natural environments, the frequency and intensity of these conflicts have increased, resulting in detrimental effects on both wildlife and human communities.1 The consequences of MAC are widespread, affecting biodiversity, human safety, and ecological balance. This issue is particularly evident in biod

..]]> The increasing demand for forest land, habitat disturbance, and fodder shortages have intensified Man-Animal Conflicts (MAC) worldwide. This study analyzes both qualitative and quantitative data to assess the status of MAC in Karnataka, leveraging 2,03,297 geo-tagged conflict cases are reported by the Karnataka Forest Department's (KFD) since 2014 to 2024. Earlier all the MAC records were manually generated and stored as hardcopies, a traditional method of documentation. To implement advanc

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/passessment-of-the-health-impacts-of-sewage-water-irrigation-on-agricultural-workersp/ 2025-01-02 2025-01-03 IntroductionIt is the need of the hour to practice the safe reuse of wastewater to conserve freshwater resources and satisfy water demand.1 Reusing municipal wastewater has emerged as a desirable alternative for boosting water supplies in these regions.2 Because it may enable the expansion of intensive agriculture while maintaining the limited supply of high-quality drinking water for the rapidly growing metropolitan areas in most parts of the world, the reuse of wastewater for agricultural uses

..]]> Wastewater can be explored as an alternative water resource for irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas. In addition to conserving surface and subsurface water resources, the safe use of treated sewage water can increase crop yields. Despite numerous studies on wastewater irrigation, relatively limited research has been undertaken on the health impacts of wastewater irrigation on agricultural workers was undertaken. Many regions lack robust health monitoring systems for agricultural workers, maki

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/ppost-earthquake-human-trafficking-in-indo-nepal-terai-region-and-cross-border-integrated-response-mechanismp/ 2025-02-02 2025-01-02 IntroductionGlobally, human trafficking has been increasing and taking a commercial shape. According to a UNFPA report, published in 2000, every year there are estimated to be between seventy thousand to four million new victims1 and the estimated profit in this emerging commercial activity is $7 billion per year. Over 150,000 people are trafficked every year for human trafficking, bondage labor, forced marriage, and many more within South Asian countries.2  Trafficking for com

..]]> Disasters generally cause enduring, catastrophic damage and trauma to people and their families, homes, and communities. After disasters like earthquakes, already existing vulnerabilities increase manifold as people lose their lives and livelihoods, displaced from their native places, their support network is disrupted and they become more susceptible to human trafficking. In addition, limited resources divert the attention of law enforcement agencies toward instantaneous needs to save and rescu

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pimpact-of-drive-days-and-no-drivedays-on-atmospheric-carbon-monoxide-co-concentrationp/ 2025-01-01 2025-01-02 IntroductionUrban air pollution is a significant environmental issue in developing countries worldwide. An air quality study conducted in 20 out of the 24 megacities (with population exceeding 10 million by the year 2000) revealed that ambient pollution levels were high enough to pose severe health risks. Typical sources of gases and particulate matter that contaminate urban air include Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide and lead. In 2015, urban areasac

..]]> Automobile emissions rise in tandem with population growth. Increases in motorised vehicles lead to high urban traffic congestion, air pollution and health effects such as asthma, cardiorespiratory illness, headaches and cardiorespiratory disorders. The carbon monoxide (CO) released by vehicles acts as a greenhouse gas and is correlated with climate change. The study aims to evaluate and compare CO levels and vehicle counts on Drive Days (DD) and No-Drive Days (NDD) and to analyse the correlatio

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no3/pintegrating-energy-efficiency-in-residential-buildings-a-user-centric-web-interface-approachp/ 2025-01-01 2025-01-02 IntroductionAccording to several technical reports and audits worldwide, buildings contribute to over a third of the world’s final energy consumption,1and operational energy loads are a significant contributor to the same. As per the GlobalABC Roadmap for Buildings and Construction published in 2020, the building industry directly or indirectly accounts for 36% of global energy use and 39% of global GHG emission release.2 Moreover, a study performed by the Alliance for an Energy-Efficient Econ

..]]> In the global mission to achieve a net-zero carbon footprint, the contribution of buildings is substantial, accounting for over one-third of the world's carbon footprint. To re-engineer the built environment in the direction of decarbonization, the building sector's operational energy needs our special imagination. The principal aim of the following research paper is to enhance building energy management by creating a digital platform that records design stage energy performance and be

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