mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pestimation-of-runoff-at-shetrunji-river-basin-using-swat-hydrological-modellingp/ 2024-07-29 2024-07-29 IntroductionDue to heavy and fast growth of population, polluted water scenario and sudden change of climate, availability of water is nowadays crucial issue.1Almost many sections of world are facing water crises because of non uniform division of water resources over time and space and their haphazard usage by human as well. Here is the main requirement for the planning managers or someone who is making policies regarding the same to look into for a perfect management of resource of water.2Thus

..]]> The researchers and scientists have realized that this is the high time to act in accordance to the impact of change of climate. Because of climate change problem, various effects occur, one of them is hydrological extremes. This leads to the emergence of hot-spots and vulnerable areas causing difficult adaptation. The current analysis intends to estimate the influence of change in climate on the hydrological parameter on one of the most important tributaries of Saurashtra region of Gujarat, Wes

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/p-classmsonormal-styletext-alignjustifyexploring-air-quality-dynamics-and-predictive-modeling-by-using-artificial-intelligence-during-covid-19-lock-down-over-the-western-part-of-indiap/ 2024-07-29 2024-07-29 IntroductionAir pollution is the biggest climate change issue nowadays, and predicting air quality helps to warn and control pollution. The nitrogen oxide (NOX) and air quality index (AQI) levels were estimated over Beijing and Italy using random forest regression (RFR)1. Maharashtra's COVID-19 shutdown lowered PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO levels. Ammonia released from agriculture fields as livestock waste and other fertilizers, when it is released into the atmosphere, can react with acid compo

..]]> The lockdown period, initially imposed for three months due to the COVID-19 outbreak in India, was later prolonged. Air quality data from eight monitoring sites in Rajasthan was used to calculate the AQI according to the following parameters: Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ammonia (NH3), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3), and Carbon monoxide (CO), dispersed throughout the state by CPCB. Among the chosen cities, the study found that the AQI percentage dropped the most

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pgreen-space-cooling-to-mitigate-the-surface-urban-heat-island-effect-in-indias-metropolisesp/ 2024-08-22 2024-08-22 IntroductionThe definition of an urban heat island (UHI) is a metropolitan area that experiences temperatures that are noticeably higher than the rural areas that surround it1. Human activities include industrialization, transportation, energy generation, and replacing natural vegetation with impermeable surfaces, like building areas, asphalt, etc., that absorb and hold heat2,3. The primary classifications of urban heat islands are surface (SUHI) and atmospheric (AUHI)4. Summertime is when SUHI

..]]> Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to study vegetation's spatial distribution. However, MODIS thermal bands were employed to analyse Land Surface Temperature (LST) and city thermal properties. The findings show that 15.97% of Lucknow's total area is classified as a High potential SUHI zone, compared to 29.41%, classified as a Low potential SUHI zone. Jaipur has two possible SUHI zones: a high potential zone (12.69%) and a low potential zone (30.45%). In contrast, Ahmedabad exhibits an

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/psuggestions-for-minimizing-traffic-congestion-in-citiesp/ 2024-09-06 2024-09-06 IntroductionIt has been realized that vehicular population increase is creating chaos on the roads increasing our travel time, fuel used and stress. The number of vehicles in Delhi in 2000 were 3.3. millions which is increased to 12 million in 20201. This is around 263% increase in Delhi in 20 years. It is more than double percent increase in human population. In 2000 human population was 13.8 million which is increased to 30.3 million in 2020 having a 119.6% increase2. Similarly, other cities a

..]]> Editorial

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pan-insight-into-the-ecology-of-manasbal-lake-of-kashmir-valley-a-reviewp/ 2024-08-05 2024-08-05 IntroductionManasbal Lake is the deepest freshwater lake in Kashmir1 that harbors a profitable fishery and provides multiple recreational opportunities. The marl lake is globally known for its scintillating clear water, picturesque beauty, and pink lilies with elegant mountains present behind the lake, adding more charm to its beauty, thus popularized as the “Supreme Gem of all Kashmir lakes”2. The bloom of Nelumbo nucifera at the border of the water body (during July and August) enhances th

..]]> Manasbal Lake is the deepest freshwater lake in India and has suffered environmental degradation due to various human activities, such as agriculture, urban expansion, tourism, stone quarrying etc. The lake is in dire need of comprehensive restoration measures to restore its ecological balance, which is quite crucial for the region's economy and culture. Preserving this natural treasure safeguards biodiversity, supports local livelihoods and ensures that future generations can enjoy its uni

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pexploring-the-utilization-of-municipal-solid-waste-in-sustainable-construction-materials-a-reviewp/ 2024-07-09 2024-07-09 Introduction Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a growing problem worldwide, as populations increase, and consumption patterns change. The disposal of MSW has significant environmental and economic impacts, and it is becoming increasingly important to find sustainable solutions for managing this waste. One potential solution is the utilization of MSW as sustainable construction materials1. Sustainable construction materials are defined as materials that are produced, used, and disposed of technicall

..]]> Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a growing problem worldwide, as populations increase, and consumption patterns change. It not only causes pollution and health hazards, but it also results in the depletion of resources. Considering this, the utilization of MSW in sustainable construction materials has become a critical area of research. The purpose of this review study is to explore the various ways in which MSW can be utilized in sustainable construction materials such as fired clay bricks, eco-c

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pclimate-change-impact-and-traditional-adaptation-practices-in-northeast-india-a-reviewp/ 2024-06-27 2024-06-27 IntroductionClimate change has emerged as a major concern in the modern world as per strong scientific and socioeconomic study findings. It is now recognized as one of the foremost global concerns, given its potential impacts on various aspects, including agriculture and security, water supply, biodiversity in forests and other natural ecosystems, and the overall well-being of humans and urban development.1 According to the most recent IPCC (2021) assessment, climate change and its associated ha

..]]> The review explores the intricate traditional knowledge (TK) nurtured by the diverse indigenous communities of Northeast (NE) India, emphasizing on their adaptive strategies amidst the region's evolving climate patterns. NE India faces a multitude of climate change-induced risks, including earthquakes, landslides, flash floods, and thunderstorms/lightning, highlighting the critical role of indigenous knowledge in mitigating these challenges. Through generations of experience, indigenous cul

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pclimate-change-and-public-health-dynamics-a-bibliometric-study-with-comprehensive-reviewp/ 2024-08-13 2024-08-13 IntroductionHuman activities, such as industry, transportation, and agriculture, emit greenhouse gases causing climate change. Severe consequences include extreme weather events, increasing sea levels, and species extinction, affecting sustainable development and well-being 1,2. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has spent 40 years researching the consequences of human activities on climatic disturbances. Change in climate poses danger to vulnerable populations through extreme weather

..]]> The study directs to analyze how global climate shift affects public well-being and identify research clusters, trends, and potential gaps in this multidisciplinary field. The study also investigates the worldwide distribution of research institutions and their collaborative networks in this crucial area. We have use advanced bibliometric techniques to achieve our objectives. The analysis involves numerous academic articles, including journals, authors, keyword co-occurrence, and affiliations. B

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pexploring-innovative-approach-of-arbitration-for-the-resolution-of-environmental-conflictsp/ 2024-08-13 2024-08-13 IntroductionEnvironmental regulation is a dynamic and expansive domain intricately linked to our planet’s well-being.1 It provides the foundation for addressing various challenges, including pollution, resource exploitation, global climate shifts, and other factors.2 With its pervasive influence on human interests, communities, and various entities, resolving environmental disputes is complex and formidable.3 The current increase in these disputes is a direct result of the persistent advocacy

..]]> The absence of a dedicated institution for conflict management and ambiguous dispute resolution mechanisms have been a major obstacle for the international and Indian environmental law regime. Environmental laws have undergone significant changes to address critical hazards; however, they frequently encounter difficulties in resolving disputes promptly. Arbitration has emerged as an indispensable instrument, particularly by the Permanent Court of Arbitration Optional Rules for the Arbitration of

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/penvironmental-implications-of-fly-ash-management-and-utilization-a-review-of-laws-policies-and-practicesp/ 2024-09-25 2024-08-16 IntroductionThe most minute particles of coal ash are known as fly-ash. Because fly-ash is carried out of the combustion chamber by exhaust gases, it is so called. A micron-sized dust composed of non-combustible mineral debris and trace quantities of carbon residues from incomplete combustion, fly ash is a byproduct of coal's mineral composition. Clay and silt-sized crystalline particles make up the bulk of fly ash, which is often a light tan color.1 One can find fly ash in the cementations

..]]> In the environmental realm, ‘fly-ash’ refers to the byproduct of burning pulverized coal in thermal power stations. One of India's most resource-intensive and polluting industries, coal-fired power generation, contributes considerably to atmospheric pollution. Public power stations that use coal or lignite to generate energy account for 77% of the nation's total electricity production. This sector is responsible for over 65% of India's total coal use. This study employs a mult

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pland-use-land-cover-dynamics-around-a-western-himalayan-wetland-using-geospatial-techniquesp/ 2024-08-23 2024-08-22 IntroductionWetlands are ecosystems characterized by their unique hydrology, where the presence of water, either permanently or seasonally, plays a fundamental role in shaping their physical and biological attributes. As per the definition, “Wetlands are transitional areas between land and water environments, where the water table is typically at or near the surface, or the land is covered by shallow water.”1. Wetlands are included in the most prolific and diversified ecosystems of Earth and

..]]> Despite having multitude of environmental advantages, wetlands are facing serious anthropogenic threats due to changes in the surrounding area. Therefore, the present investigation has been conducted to evaluate the landuse land cover (LULC) around a 6 km buffer strip of Nowgam wetland located in Kashmir valley. The detection of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes was conducted using Landsat imagery within ArcGIS, spanning a 22-year period from 2000 to 2022. The Landsat imageries of three yea

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pmethanization-test-of-water-hyacinth-and-azolla-in-co-digestion-and-fertilizing-value-of-digestates-in-benin-west-africap/ 2024-08-30 2024-08-30 IntroductionIn recent years, the world has experienced an increase in energy costs which is at the origin of a collective awareness of the need for greater autonomy of societies and the use of alternative sources 1. In addition, the burning of fossil fuels contributes to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and exacerbates the air pollution and the global warming 2. Since then, several climate summits have given impetus to the use of renewable and clean energies; this is the case of the "

..]]> Faced with the need for an alternative energy source following the extreme pressure exerted on woody resources accompanied by the increase of aquatic pests which invade water resources, the construction of mini reactors producing clean energy, biogas based on these invasive plants becomes a challenge. This investigation aims to assess the methane production potential of water hyacinth and Azolla in co-digestion and the fertilizing quality of the digestates obtained. A bio methanization test base

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pmeasuring-the-ecosystem-services-value-of-kalimpong-district-west-bengal-india-with-respect-to-land-use-land-cover-dynamicityp/ 2024-08-30 2024-08-30 IntroductionEcosystem is the locally obvious place of the surface of the earth on which materials and energy exchange among organisms and it physical environment selected place6. The ecosystems give a direct and indirect material, such as food production, fresh water and services like carbon sequestration, climate regulation, aesthetic benefits and water purification, 20. Ecosystem services are defined as the advantages which human gain from the procedure of ecology that profit for people wellbe

..]]> Ecosystem services may be defined as profits human gain from ecosystems and it provided four major categories of ecosystem services like cultural, regulating, provisioning, and supporting service also known as ecological integrity. Ecosystem is the main base for creation of service which is essential for people benefits. In this paper, LULC map of the district are prepared by satellite image landsat-5 for 1991 and landsat-8 for 2021 using ArcGIS 10.3.1 software. The district is characterised by

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pindigenous-practices-for-achieving-sustainable-constructionp/ 2024-06-20 2024-06-20 IntroductionAs urbanization continues to encroach upon natural habitats and rural areas, there is an urgent need to comprehend the sustainability concept within modern construction industry. The global imperative to safeguard the environment for future generations has led to the recognition that embracing sustainable construction practices is crucial. Aligned with this objective, the Sustainable Development Goal number 11(SDG 11) about sustainable cities and communities calls for action to “ma

..]]> The objective of the present research is to explore the concept of sustainability in construction by examining indigenous construction practices followed in various regions of India, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that promote safe, resilient, and environmentally friendly human settlements. This study aims to investigate indigenous construction practices that have been used for generations and assess their applicability in the present context. Through the collection of qua

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/psulphur-fractions-distribution-and-connections-with-soil-attributes-in-the-gopalpur-and-ishwardi-soil-series-of-bangladeshp/ 2024-07-09 2024-07-09 IntroductionSulphur, one of the primary minerals, has long been recognized as a nutrient essential for plant growth. Its importance in plant growth is widely established. Sulphur is essential for physiological and metabolic processes in plants. It is also a component of specific vitamins and enzymes that are crucial for the plant's life cycle. Sulphur can be found in soil as free and adsorbed sulphate, as well as in a variety of organic and inorganic compounds. The organic S is the major po

..]]> The deficiency of soil sulfur (S) is a prevalent issue in Bangladesh soils, posing a significant obstacle to enhancing crop yield and overall productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of different sulfur fractions across various soil depths in the Gopalpur and Ishwardi soil series, along with their relationships with other soil parameters. In both soil series, the sulfur fractions were ordered as follows: organic > adsorbed > available forms, with organic sulfur being the

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pcharacterization-of-ash-from-tropical-biomass-gasification-for-soil-fertilizationp/ 2024-07-12 2024-07-12 IntroductionGiven the scarcity of fossil fuels and the negative impact of greenhouse gases on the environment, biomass has received increasing attention in recent years. It is potentially CO2-neutral and renewable energy source1-2.Waste-to-energy is highly favored due to the potential for cost savings in fuel transportation and the possibility of using biomass resources with minimal commercial value3. Biomass resources come in several forms: (i) waste from the plant kingdom/agricultural residues

..]]> This study aims to determine the characteristics of bottom ash from the gasification of four agricultural biomasses namely corn stalks and cobs, cotton stalks, and wood residues, for potential use as agricultural fertilizer. The methodological approach consisted in carrying out gasification trials for each of these biomasses under identical operating conditions on a pilot-scale gasifier. The fly ash was collected at the end of the tests from the reactor bottom and cyclone bottom for analysis. An

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pclimate-extremes-related-with-temperature-change-point-detection-in-pambar-kottakaraiyar-basinp/ 2024-07-05 2024-07-05 IntroductionThe latest sixth assessment report was published by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a scientific group of the United Nations (UN). Based on this report, the global warming will reach or exceed 1.5°C even if the world currently adapts very low greenhouse gas emissions scenarios1. Global warming due to the increase of greenhouse gases is a major threat to the all the living beings and environment. All the meteorological parameters are related to global temperature, w

..]]> Global climate change has changed the trend of climate variables. Also there is change in intensity, frequency and cyclic pattern of climate extremes such as flood, drought, heatwaves and tropical cyclones in the southern part of India. The high temperatures and further increase pose serious socio-economic and environmental impacts. There is an urgent necessity to know about the regional level climate extremes and their adaptation strategies especially for the drought prone and rain fed basins.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pappraisal-of-characterization-and-adsorption-isotherm-in-the-bioremediation-of-cu-and-zn-ions-from-aqueous-solutions-exploiting-unmodified-corn-and-coconut-huskp/ 2024-08-05 2024-08-01 IntroductionThe contamination of the environment through the exhaust of toxic substances in wastewater is an important issue affecting both public health and environmental well-being. Among trace pollutants, heavy-metals stand out as particularly hazardous 1, 2. Their presence has tainted numerous bodies of water, posing risks to human-health and other organisms. The release of heavymetals poses a considerable hazard due to its toxicity, tendency to entering in the food chain, and long-lasting i

..]]> Environment is contaminated by heavymetals has emerged as a substantial globaly. Conventional remediation methods have proven inadequate and costly in addressing this issue. Hence, there is a pressing need to discover bio-remediation as a cost effective, effectual, and environmentally, a substitute for heavymetal removal. This work investigates the adsorption behaviour of Corn Husk (CH) and Coconut Husk (CCH), an inexpensive adsorbent, towards Cu and Zn ions for potential application in wastewat

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/passessment-of-veterinary-antibiotic-use-and-occurrence-of-veterinary-antibiotics-in-livestock-manure-from-farms-in-rongai-sub-county-kenyap/ 2024-08-01 2024-08-01 IntroductionAntibiotic spread levels in the environment have increasingly become a worldwide concern, this is linked to increased development and spread of resistant bacterial strains, that have the potential to infect humans and livestock becoming difficult to manage 1. Globally, they are used for treatment in human therapy and veterinary medicine. For livestock treatment, antibiotics are mainly administered by three different routes; through injection, introduction in feed and drinking water.

..]]> Veterinary antibiotics are commonly used in livestock rearing to prevent diseases and stimulate growth. The release of antibiotics into the environment has become a significant environmental and public health concern. This research evaluated antibiotic use, livestock treatment, manure utilization, livestock waste treatment methods and antibiotic residues in livestock manure. Questionnaires were administered to 170 farmers rearing both cattle and poultry. Subsequently, 28 livestock manure samples

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/plocating-concepts-practices-and-policies-of-environmental-concern-in-reportsp/ 2024-06-20 2024-06-20 IntroductionHuman activity impacts the environment and increased activity accelerates it, and the consequences are visible. The issues are numerous to mention here and diverse in nature i.e. use of pesticides to entering of plastic in the food chain, climate change to depletion of the diversity, exhaustion of natural resources, and more. Efforts have been made by different agencies to prevent or to reduce the impacts but the speed of environmental deterioration is higher than the efforts made fo

..]]> Environment plays a crucial role in our lives. The Anthropocene era is marked with the emergence of chronic environmental issues. These issues are spread worldwide. India is also dealing with several environmental issues. Developing ‘Environmental Concern’ (Individual, social, and at institutional level) is considered as one of the potential solutions to reduce the impact of environmental issues. The paper attempts to look at the conceptualization of the construct of ‘Environmental Concern

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/peffects-of-aquatic-physicochemical-parameters-variation-on-the-phytoplankton-abundance-and-diversity-in-the-babon-river-semarang-central-java-indonesiap/ 2024-08-20 2024-08-20 IntroductionRivers are essential freshwater ecosystems that support a variety of living organisms, provide habitats for aquatic life, promote tourism, facilitate aquaculture, enable water transportation, serve as waste disposal sites, and act as sources of drinking water.1,2 Increasing water intensively could degrade water quality,3,4 due to contamination of various materials, such as nutrients,5,6, and heavy metals.7-16Nutrients, especially N and P, can cause a decrease in water quality, eutrop

..]]> The Babon River is an integral component of Semarang City's drainage system, which is heavily impacted by the influx of waste, leading to elevated water temperatures caused by global warming and decreased pH levels due to acid rain. The two main environmental factors that affect phytoplankton growth and productivity are temperature and nutrient availability. Nutrients can change the balance of the natural food webs of aquatic ecosystems. Meanwhile, metals are toxic and can accumulate in bio

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/passessment-of-annual-litterfall-of-woody-plant-community-in-southern-thorn-forest-tirunelveli-peninsular-indiap/ 2024-08-23 2024-08-23 IntroductionThe litterfall is one of the important events in forest ecosystem, it facilitates the return of vital nutrients and add significant amount of carbon (C) into the soil.1-4 Information on forest litterfall is important to understand the patterns and factors which influence litterfall across forest types.5 In addition, the litterfall offers energy and nutrients to detritivores, adds organic matter content to soil and provides essential growth nutrients to plants.3,6,7 The total litterfa

..]]> The biological phenomenon, litterfall acts as a connection between tree canopy and substratum of the habitats, influencing the concentration of vital soil nutrients thereby contributing to the tree growth and forest productivity. Information on litter generation of tropical forests including tropical thorn forest is lacking. Therefore, the current study was conducted to find annual litterfall of tree community existing within a Reserve Forest in Tirunelveli, India. A field ecological study was c

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pvegetation-structure-composition-and-plant-community-types-in-tropical-dry-deciduous-forests-of-jaipur-rajasthan-indiap/ 2024-08-20 2024-08-20 IntroductionForest management, as an important environmental indicator, has a significant impact on plant species diversity. 1,2,3 Forest structure and function dynamics are influenced by several biotic and abiotic elements.4 The ecological qualities of locations, abundance, variety, species richness, regeneration and distribution state of species all have a significant impact on the nature of forest communities.5 The overall population structure represented by tree diameter and class distributi

..]]> The research was carried out in the Aravalli Forests of Nahargarh (NWLS) and Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuaries (JRWLS) of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The vegetation structure, composition, biodiversity and plant community types were assessed across the five forest stands viz Nahargarh biological park (S1), Nahargarh Sanctuary (S2) in NWLS and Ramgarh (S3), Raisar (S4), and Digota (S5) of JRWLS, respectively. A total of 164 qaudrats of 20*20 m2 were laid to assess the vegetation data including fr

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/passessment-of-landslide-susceptibility-in-the-himalayan-state-of-tripura-india-using-a-multi-model-approachp/ 2024-08-23 2024-08-23 IntroductionLandslide can be classified as one of mass movement and can be of multiple factors involved in the movement, e.g. rock fall, debris fall and flow, top loose soil, mud etc., and can have a direct or indirect impact on lives and livelihood1 2 3. As per the UNDRR Annual Report-2019, the most influential factors of landslides are rainfall (61.3 %), human impact (3.8 %), earthquake (0.9 %), and other local factors (33.7 %)4. The Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disaster (CRED) state

..]]> Landslides are the down slope mass movement of soil, rocks, and debris due to a natural or human activities resulting in widespread hazard events in India. The most affected areas comprise 15 percent of its landmass which includes Tripura and eleven Himalayan states and parts of the Western and Eastern Ghats in India. In Tripura, landslides cause road blockage and destruction of settlements, bringing economic and life losses in every year. Thus, this research is focused on identifying landslide

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/passessment-of-uranium-pollution-in-ground-water-and-human-health-in-balod-district-chhattisgarhp/ 2024-07-01 2024-07-01 IntroductionA naturally occurring uranium contains a radioactive heavy metal that can be available in various geological formations. Its potential impacts on the environment and human health make it a reason for concern when it finds its way into groundwater. The World Health Organization gave a tolerable limit for uranium of 30 ?g/l in drinking water2. The naturally occurring radioactive metal uranium has a molar mass of 238.03 g/mol and an atomic number 92. It emits alpha particles. U

..]]> A laser fluorimetric technique was used to measure the amount of uranium present in samples of groundwater from the Balod district, Chhattisgarh, central India. For this purpose, we collected twenty-nine water samples from different villages in the Balod district, Chhattisgarh from September 2022 to June 2023. Here, the concentration of uranium in the sample of water ranges from 0.10 to 66.7(µg/l). A maximum number of samples had uranium contamination levels below the acceptable limit (30 µg/l

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/passessing-urbanization-dynamics-through-land-useland-cover-change-detection-in-zunheboto-sadar-nagaland-indiap/ 2024-07-23 2024-07-22 IntroductionThe alteration of LULC is regarded as a crucial environmental concern with repercussions on a global scale. Both globally and the India community face dynamic and complex LULC changes. India's rapid agricultural and urban expansion, improved water management, and conservation efforts are mirrored globally but vary in scale and specifics due to regional differences. The use of satellite imagery and advanced mapping technologies is crucial for monitoring these changes and supporti

..]]> Providing a systematic overview of the environment is crucial for identifying environmental changes and understanding human-related factors and feedback in research on land use and land cover (LULC) changes and the incorporation of LULC data facilitates pinpointing particular areas undergoing changes, discerning the character of these changes, and gaining insights into the evolving nature of the land. Utilizing Remote Sensing & Geographic Information System (GIS) and methodologies, this stud

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pcalculating-surface-runoff-by-scs-cn-model-in-the-sanjai-river-basin-jharkhandp/ 2024-08-07 2024-08-07 IntroductionAmong the most valuable and important naturally occurring resources is water. At a time when water demand is always growing, the government of India, the most populous nation in the world, stresses the need to increase boosting crop yields to reach a higher rate of agricultural sustainability. Thus, one of the primary challenges for giving out the essential water supply for agricultural areas should be sustainable water management practices. Achieving this target depends cri

..]]> Surface runoff prediction is a very intricate, evolving, and exponential phenomenon controlled by numerous interconnected components. Regulated by numerous types of related factors, surface runoff production is a highly complex, dynamic, and non-linear phenomena. Advancement and long-term control of water resources depend on run-off forecast. For runoff forecasts, many techniques and models are at hand; Among strategies, “Soil Conservation Services curve number(SCS- CN)” approach stands out.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pland-use-change-and-its-impact-on-terrestrial-biodiversity-of-surrounding-areas-of-jim-corbett-national-parkp/ 2024-07-29 2024-07-29 IntroductionLiterature ReviewPresent study is primarily focusing on that dense protected forest covers, i.e., Jim Corbett National Park (CNP), where impacted on terrestrial biodiversity due to heavy usages of forest resources and forest cover area reduce for economic source. The significance of terrestrial biodiversity because it support the functioning of ecosystems and affords numerous facility to people together with flood prohibition, soil conservation, water purification, crop pollination,

..]]> Located at the Shivalik Himalayas' foothills, near the worldwide popular hill-station of Nainital, the beautiful park is famous for being home to a huge number of Bengal tigers, the highest among any Indian national park. So many other mammals, including tigers, leopards and elephants (wild), roam in this park. On the edge of the Western Ramganga Reservoir, the Sonanadi zone is habitat to elephants and leopards, along with more than hundreds of species of fowl. Also CNP is a prime protected

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/panalysis-of-pre-monsoon-and-post-monsoon-seasonal-rainfall-trends-by-mann-kendall-and-sens-slope-estimator-test-in-himachal-pradesh-indiap/ 2024-08-13 2024-08-13 IntroductionThe analysis of precipitation trends has been a major focus in the past century due to scientific interest in global climate change. The data suggests a little overall increase on a worldwide scale, although there are significant regions that are experiencing a decrease in trends.1 Accurately predicting these patterns may have a major influence on a nation's economic growth since precipitation levels significantly impact crop choices and ecological changes.Effective water resour

..]]> The purpose of the current study is to determine the trends and patterns of precipitation occurring in the periods before and after the monsoon season at 12 meteorological stations located in the twelve districts of the Himachal Pradesh region. The timeframe of the analysis is from 1991 to 2020. For this study, we used the Mann-Kendall test and estimator Sen's slope estimator test. Precipitation is an essential climatic factor that can act as a signal of climate change. In order to underst

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pbioplastic-production-using-aloe-vera-gel-as-plasticizer-a-sustainable-approachp/ 2024-09-06 2024-09-06 IntroductionPetroleum based derivatives are used for the products of plastics that made many drawbacks. In the production process it needs a large amount of energy, as well as Years were needed for it to degrade, and the ecosystem was also put in peril 1. The packaging industries are mostly developed the plastics. Substitution is critical for the plastic bundling business since its evaluated to develop to 22 million tons by 2020 from 13.5 million tons in 2015. Half of the plastics are disposed a

..]]> The utilization of bioplastics has garnered considerable interest because of their capacity to alleviate environmental issues related to conventional petroleum-based plastics. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing Aloe vera gel as a plasticizer in bioplastic production, aiming to enhance biodegradability and sustainability. Aloe vera gel, a natural polysaccharide-rich material, offers promising characteristics such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and abundant availability. This res

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pexploring-e-waste-practices-and-awareness-educational-institutions-of-haryana-as-a-case-scenariop/ 2024-07-17 2024-07-17 IntroductionUndesired or useless materials are considered waste. Everyone bears the obligation of making sure that hazardous waste is disposed of in a way that is both safe and environment-friendly while adhering to all waste disposal laws. At a growth rate of 20–25% each year, e-waste is significantly rising. Because of its high rate of obsolescence, replacement market, and market spread combined, e-waste is the waste stream that is developing the fastest. The use of less energy, les

..]]> This study delves into electronic waste (e-waste) practices and awareness within educational institutions in Haryana, with a focus on students. The surge in electrical and electronic-equipment’s globally has led-to a substantial increasing discarded devices, contributing to environmental and health concerns. The research explores the life cycle of electronic-waste, the causes of the global e-waste problem, and the concept of circular economy (CE). It highlights the role of consumers, particula

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pcombined-economic-emission-dispatch-including-variable-energy-resourcesp/ 2024-09-17 2024-09-17 IntroductionPower dispatch (PD) plays a major part in the scheduling and development of the power generating system (PGS), which is in charge of providing electrical energy. To provide the required power at the lowest possible cost while staying within certain transmission and operational limitations, PD is also in charge of scheduling the best and most productive power production of a dedicated generator. Reducing fuel costs and pollutant emissions together create a multi-objective CEED conundr

..]]> Sustainable energy solutions are becoming more and more necessary as the world's energy needs increase as a result of population expansion and industrialization. Using renewable energy sources has become essential to meeting these needs and reducing the negative effects on the environment. The increasing incorporation of renewable energy sources (RES) like wind and solar into microgrid systems poses a notable obstacle to attaining optimum power dispatch because of their intrinsic unpredicta

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pcomparative-study-of-the-coastal-geomorphology-of-kajirbhati-sand-spit-using-google-earth-pro-images-2005-2011-2023-and-landsat-satellite-data-2009-2016-2023-an-approach-towards-the-impact-of-the-casuarina-plantationp/ 2024-09-10 2024-09-10 IntroductionCoastal geomorphology is the study of how the shape of the shore has changed over time due to wind, waves, currents, and fluctuations in sea level.1 It is an essential branch of physical geography. Coastal geomorphology is the scientific study of the processes that shape the physical characteristics of Earth's coastlines. It explores the dynamic interactions between land, sea, and atmosphere and spans various disciplines, including geography, meteorology, oceanography, and geolo

..]]> Coastal geomorphology undergoes constant transformation due to a combination of coastal and fluvial processes and human intervention. Remote sensing and GIS tools are invaluable in identifying and studying these changes. Due to the dynamic interaction between land and sea, the coastline requires careful monitoring to detect hotspots and understand the spatial and temporal impacts of climate change on the coastal environment. Remote sensing data offers a comprehensive means of studying coastal la

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pefficiency-of-canna-indica-phragmites-australis-and-eichhornia-crassipes-in-remediation-of-leachate-through-a-vertical-flow-constructed-wetlandp/ 2024-09-10 2024-09-10 IntroductionGeneration of leachate from municipal solid waste landfill is unavoidable, therefore, treatment of landfill leachate is required to minimize the strength of pollutants in leachate. Presently, one of major environmental concern of landfill site is leachate as it contains various pollutants which may cause various environmental and health problem to terrestrial and aquatic living bodies. Municipal solid waste landfill leachate contain substantial amount of organic and inorganic polluta

..]]> Leachate treatment and disposal from landfills is one of major environment concern. Leachate contains various pollutants which may cause various environmental and health problem to terrestrial and aquatic living bodies. In the Present study, Landfill leachate was collected from Okhla landfill, New Delhi and treatment of leachate was done by using laboratory scale vertical flow treatment grown with Canna indica, Phragmites australis and Eichhornia crassipes, respectively. The experimental plots w

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/p-classmsonormal-styleline-height150environment-planning-approach-for-mining-wastelands-a-review-of-case-studiesp/ 2024-09-10 2024-09-10 IntroductionFor ages, mining is known for its development and economic growth for any country. As the requirement has increased the search, extraction, and sharing of mineral resources has been common. From the point when a company identifies the mineral on the site area, the planning of the extraction in a systematic way has been encouraged by the government and the other supporting authorities. The permission for the extraction, environment management plan, environmental impact assessment, min

..]]> The case of mining land use typology post-independence planning has to be done with the consideration of ecological or landscape factors which could be the foundation for their approved post-mining closure plans. This paper reviews two such case studies on the mining activity carried out for more than 25 years. Kudremukh Iron Ore Corporation Limited (KIOCL) and Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. (NLC) are the two companies in South India, led by the Central Government for the identified mineral ex

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pbiodecolorization-of-azo-dye-by-bacteria-alcaligenes-faecalis-sub-sp-phenolicus-isolated-from-a-bark-beetle-tunnel-developed-in-peltophorum-pterocarpum-plantp/ 2024-09-09 2024-09-09 IntroductionGlobally, there are more than 10,000 commercially available dyes, and each year, more than 0.7 million tons of dyes, including acidic, basic, reactive, and diazoic dyes, are manufactured. There has been a greater growth of industrial dyes due to the widespread use of chemically synthesized dyes in pulp, dyeing, textiles, paper, and other sectors. The most dangerous chemical types are dyes, mostly found in industrial wastewater2. Every year, improper dyeing techniques result in the lo

..]]> This study assessed the decolorization of reactive red 120 (RR120) by Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus strain isolated from the bark borer insect (Indarbela tetraonis) tunnel developed in Peltophorum pterocarpum. The optimal parameters for the dye of decolorization 0.1 mg/L of dye were pH 7, temperature 35°C, fructose (0.4% w/v) as the carbon supply (0.4% w/v), peptone (0.2% w/v) as the nitrogen source (0.4% w/v), 12 hours of static conditions, and 0.3 ml of inoculums. Cell suspension, so

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/phealth-risks-and-dust-exposure-among-flour-mill-workers-in-eastern-india-a-comprehensive-studyp/ 2024-09-09 2024-09-09 IntroductionWheat milling is the process of grinding whole wheat grains to produce flour, which is essential for home baking and forms the basis of most commercial baked goods. Unlike other grains, wheat has a high enough gluten content to make a standard loaf of bread without requiring the addition of other grains. In India, agriculture and its associated sectors are often seen as forced professions rather than preferred ones, leading to labour migration from rural to urban areas for other job

..]]> Flour milling, a prevalent agricultural industry in semi-urban and urban areas of India, involves grinding whole wheat to produce flour. However, this indoor occupation exposes workers to hazardous flour dust for prolonged periods without adequate ventilation. To investigate the health implications, a study was conducted on 142 flour mill workers in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The findings revealed significant health issues, including respiratory problems (20%), eye irritation (8.6%), headac

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pmicroplastics-and-environment-a-mini-review-on-detection-removal-health-issues-and-regulation-on-indias-perspectivep/ 2024-09-06 2024-09-06 IntroductionThe global demand for plastics1 has increased exponentially due to its flexibility, mechanical strength, lightweight, and affordability. Plastics are integrated into our day-to-day lives. It has been widely used in utensils, packaging materials, the automobile industry, electronic appliances2, construction3, furniture4, sports equipment5, and more. Globally plastics production has increased tremendously and by 20506 the production is projected to stretch per year by 34 billion metric

..]]> Plastics production has increased due to its flexibility, stability, lightweight, and low production costs. These plastics degrade through a variety of processes and lose their structural integrity. Plastics degrade extensively, eventually forming microscopic-sized plastics known as microplastics (MPs). MPs are small-sized and easily passed throughout the food chain. Exposure to MPs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption can harm human health. Interdisciplinary collaboration will pro

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/passessing-the-heavy-metal-contamination-prevailing-in-groundwater-at-rishipur-village-west-bengal-indiap/ 2024-09-06 2024-09-06 IntroductionWater is an essential component for all forms of floral and visceral life, obtained from two principal resources from nature: surface water (e.g., freshwater lakes, streams, rivers) and groundwater (boreholes, wells, etc.).1-2 Human activities are a significant source of metal pollutants in water sources, contributing to one of the most pressing environmental challenges today: groundwater contamination.3 Heavy-metal poisoning of water may result from both human activity and natural p

..]]> The recent surge in interest surrounding water contamination has prompted a study to evaluate the water quality of groundwater in Rishipur village, Malda District, West Bengal, India. The area's groundwater is crucial for drinking, residential, and irrigation purposes due to its proximity to agricultural fields, where most local residents live. The intended purpose of the study is to comprehensively appraise the groundwater quality of a dug well, specifically analysing the intensities of di

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no2/pontological-analysis-to-understand-the-interplay-between-ecosystem-services-human-well-being-and-climate-changep/ 2024-09-06 2024-09-06 IntroductionHistorically, forest ecosystems have covered most of the tropical regions worldwide, and during the course of time, they have been transformed due to agricultural and urban expansions into ageing human-modified landscapes. Tropical regions tend to have highly dynamic landscapes where the ecosystem services are potentially affected by historical land use and current landscape structures.1,2 Traditionally, pristine habitats with minimal anthropogenic interventions have been the primary

..]]> This study employs an ontological analysis to critically examine the integration of ecosystem services and human well-being within the context of climate change. The principal objective is to identify research gaps within the existing literature and to propose potential avenues for future research. Our findings reveal significant deficiencies in policy, legal, and procedural frameworks, with a predominant focus on local-level case studies and objective measures of well-being. Notably, cultural a

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