mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pimpact-of-urbanization-on-air-quality-of-dehradun-districtp/ 2024-04-08 2024-04-08 IntroductionThe allure of metropolitan settings sparks the aspirations of numerous individuals to reside in urban areas. As per the 2019 United Nations reports, it is projected that by the year 2050, cities will be home to two-thirds of the global population. The primary catalysts for variations in worldwide climate patterns can be attributed to the processes of urbanization and industrialization. Across the globe, cities have witnessed a rapid surge in population, resulting in the conversion of

..]]> The increasing trend of urbanization poses a significant challenge to environmental sustainability, particularly concerning air quality. This study examines the impact of rapid urbanization on the Dehradun district land use and land cover (LULC), with the built-up area increasing from 44.2 km² to 276.5 km² between 2000-2019. The LULC analysis highlights a significant expansion of built-up areas influencing regional air quality. A comprehensive analysis of air pollutants and environmental facto

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pbiodiversity-of-earthworms-species-annelida-oligochaeta-from-pandavapura-taluk-of-mandya-district-karnataka-indiap/ 2024-05-01 2024-05-01 IntroductionEarthworms are incredibly interesting animals that are essential to all terrestrial ecosystems. They belong to the class Clitellata of the phylum Annelida, and their lengthy and segmented body is frequently connected to their habit of burrowing in soil. They have been on our planet earth for more than 600 million years.1 Sir Charles Darwin conducted the pioneering research during 1881 and referred them to be “the farmer's friend.” Cleopatra in 50 BC was fir

..]]> For ecological study, environmental management, and conservation initiatives, it is essential to understand the diversity of earthworm species within particular regions. The diversity of earthworm species in Pandavapura Taluk, which is located in the Mandya District of Karnataka, India. The main goals of the research area's land use systems like agricultural, residential, and industrial were to identify the species of earthworms and their distribution. The results showed a varied collection

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pneed-of-a-dedicated-programme-on-short-lived-climate-pollutants-slcp-in-south-asianbspp/ 2024-05-08 2024-05-08 The Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) such as black carbon (BC), tropospheric ozone, methane and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) play very important role in climate change.11 Due to their relatively  shorter lifetime in the atmosphere, these are termed as Short-Lived Pollutants. For example black carbon and tropospheric ozone have lifetime of few weeks; methane and HFCs last around two decades. SLCPs adversely impact air quality and can accelerate global warming, sea level rise and other

..]]> Editorial

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pcontamination-of-water-by-heavy-metals-and-treatment-methods-a-reviewp/ 2024-05-06 2024-05-06 IntroductionPure water is essential for leading a harmonious life. Due to the vital role of water for humanity, it is very significant to maintain and improve the quality of water. Currently, because of rapid industrialization and technological advancements, the claim for usage of water is high in both the local and industrial regions1. The availability of fresh water is becoming inadequate due to many man-made accomplishments. Because of the growing living standards, the increasing world popula

..]]> Water is an indispensable need for the survival of living ecosystems. Industrialization and urbanization gifted a sophisticated life as well as a polluted environment. Water is getting polluted by various means like human activities, industries, and sewage. One of the serious issues around the globe in the upcoming days is heavy metal pollution. A voluminous amount of heavy metals are let into the environment from various sources like agricultural, industry, sewage, and mining. It causes advers

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pcomposting-of-agro-phyto-wastes-an-overview-on-process-factors-and-applications-for-sustainability-of-environment-and-agriculturep/ 2024-01-23 2024-01-23 Introduction Landfill is the most traditional way for the disposal of solid wastes throughout the world, producing methane gas, which accounts for 30% of all atmospheric gases and extremely damaging leachates , which are the main environmental pollutants. Disposal of biodegradable organic wastes has become a major problem in cities, small towns and countries. For the cultivation of agricultural crops, the most feasible process is to recycle the organic matter and nutrients in a

..]]> Composting is a naturally occurring process that turns organic waste materials like leaves, food scraps, and other organic wastes into a valuable manure that can improve the fertility and structure of the soil by introducing beneficial organisms, humus, and important plant nutrients. By breakdown, this process transforms the organic substance into inorganic and organic components. In recent years, composting received more attention due to pollution concerns. Loss of resources due to the continuo

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pimpact-of-microplastic-mp-pollution-in-seagrass-ecosystem-a-reviewp/ 2024-04-04 2024-04-04 IntroductionSeagrasses, a distinctive array of marine angiosperms that have been crafted to live completely submerged in the sea, have a tremendous impact on the physico-chemical as well as biological systems of ocean, performing as environmental engineers.1 Seagrasses cover approximately 0.1-0.2% of the world's oceans and form extremely productive environments that show a censorious part in the marine environment. Despite being consider

..]]> Seagrass ecosystems are one of the vital coastal habitats that claim numerous ecological, economic, and social benefits. However, this unique underwater ecosystem is facing threats from MP (MP) pollution which is an emerging global concern. MPs are tiny, fragmented plastic bits (5mm) found all over the world. Plastics, used in daily life are frequently blindly discarded into the ocean by humans, causing harm to the marine ecosystem by lowering its quality. Since MPs can persist in the environmen

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pefficacy-of-modified-magnolia-champaca-bark-powder-in-sequestration-of-divalent-ions-from-aqueous-matricesp/ 2024-04-03 2024-04-03  Introduction Utilization of chemical substances, heavy metals in particular, for various day-to-day activities has gradually increased, posing a negative impact on the environment. Anthropogenic activities occurring in varied industrial sectors are the primary source of metal pollution in the environment [1]. Industries require water on a large scale of consumption for different operations, thereby release liquid wastes which in turn enter the aquatic ecosystem through a numbe

..]]> Noxious effluents let out from large cum small- scale industries has led to acute adverse environmental impact over a time period. In spite of various types of pollutants present in the discharges, heavy metals have been proven to be lethal to all living organisms, whilst exceeding the tolerance levels. In this regard, their confiscation has become inevitable by adoption of varied suitable methodologies. The current inquest is engrossed on probing the efficiency of an eco-derived material, Magno

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/poptimization-and-characterization-of-biochar-obtained-from-the-weedy-biomass-of-calotropis-gigantea-using-vacuum-pyrolysisnbspp/ 2024-05-08 2024-05-08 IntroductionBiochar is a promising renewable energy source that is gaining global attention due to its applicability in agriculture, wastewater treatment, decontamination of soil pollutants, carbon sequestration, etc.1,2,3,4. Biochar is obtained from woody biomass by thermochemical degradation via two main processes, pyrolysis and gasification5,6. In the pyrolysis process, thermal conversion of biomass is carried out either under vacuum conditions or in the presence of inert gas (such as N2), in

..]]> The excessive growth of invasive weeds causes adverse economic and environmental effects. In the present study, invasive weed Calotropis gigantea was pyrolyzed under optimized parameters of 450° and 50-100 mm particle size for 1.00 hour of reaction time for biochar production. The biochar was characterized by the presence of a high carbon content of 64.65% and low H/C and O/C molar ratios of 0.08 and 0.15, respectively. The biochar was observed with high surface area of 99.91m2/g and pore volum

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pcontamination-status-of-residential-and-farmland-surface-soils-within-the-sunyani-municipality-of-ghanap/ 2024-03-01 2024-03-01 IntroductionFor several decades, scientists have employed the phrase "heavy metals" in their investigations within the field of ecotoxicology. In such investigations, the concentration, fate, emission, mobility, and toxicity of the metals have been widely explored. Heavy metals are sometimes referred to as toxic metals due to their poisonous nature either in elemental state or combined form 1. The biogeochemical characteristics of metals differ. For example, period four transi

..]]> Exposure to heavy metals poses serious human health and ecological threats, especially in developing countries where ecological risk assessment and remediation are often ignored. While many studies have reported heavy metal toxicities in rapidly urbanizing cities with increased anthropogenic activities, limited information exists on metal toxicities and their ecological risks in soils within the Sunyani Municipality. Top soils were sampled from residential and farmland surface soils and analyzed

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pgroundwater-contamination-in-perspective-of-different-elements-water-quality-index-and-health-implicationsp/ 2024-04-26 2024-04-26 IntroductionOnly around 2.5% of the entire water on earth is considered as a source of fresh water.1 Moreover, utmost fresh water sources occur in the forms of ice that cannot be utilized by human society readily. Ecological as well as social consumers access the surface and also ground water as the chief sources of water. Due to both factors space with time accessibility, virtuous constancy, affluent availability, noble feature, confrontation with contamination and so forth, groundwater has inc

..]]> The physico-chemical properties of groundwater and its plausible health threats are of enormous significance at the current situation worldwide. The present research work determines the degree of pollution in addition to accompanied health menaces to the local inhabitants at Aiho village of Malda district, West Bengal, India. In the present study wetlands and groundwater sources in the locale vicinity have been associated with common health issues among the local populace who consume aquatic ani

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pmetaanalysis-of-public-wastewater-metagenomes-revealing-the-influence-of-climatic-variations-on-the-abundance-of-the-bacterial-membersp/ 2024-05-08 2024-05-08 IntroductionA long-term alteration in the Earth's climate system, manifesting as novel weather patterns, has been linked to the concurrent development of contemporary civilization, particularly the processes of urbanization and industrialization.1 For example, anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have triggered post-industrial climate warming, resulting in each of the preceding few decades being the warmest on record. If the current trends continue, by 2040, Earth may confront a global te

..]]> As per the present trend, earth may experience severe hike in temperature by 2040. Therefore, global surveillance is required to combat against the upcoming climatic extremities. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are part of the key pressing issues which can affect millions of people worldwide. Wastewater associated metagenomic data representing the wastewater samples collected from sewer networks in Newcastle (United Kingdom); Zimbabwe (Africa) and West Bengal (India), available in p

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pembodied-energy-and-thermal-performance-of-alternate-walling-materials-in-affordable-housing-in-the-composite-climate-of-delhip/ 2024-03-07 2024-03-07 IntroductionIt is estimated by UN-Habitat that by 2030, 40 percent of the world's population will require adequate housing options 1. Most of this demand is going to be in the global South 2. Adding to the required large housing stock in a short time will result in increased demand for raw materials 3 and more time-concentrated emissions 4 adversely impacting the environment. The residential building sector accounts for 30 to 50% of the material consumpti

..]]> Meeting the affordable housing shortage in India in a short time has its environmental and social challenges. It not only requires huge resources but is also a big social responsibility to provide economical and comfortable housing for the marginalized section of society. Improper selection of construction materials may lead to the locking up of massive energy as embodied energy of materials and uncomfortable indoor living conditions. The present study focuses on the need for consideration of bo

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/ptrends-in-the-rainfall-pattern-over-the-gangetic-plainp/ 2024-04-26 2024-04-26 IntroductionThe Gangetic Plain, an enormously productive region in northern India, stands as a testament to the harmonious coexistence of nature and humanity. Home to over 400 million people, this region is not only densely populated but also more than a simple agriculturally significant areas globally48. Its sprawling landscapes are adorned with a rich tapestry of crops, ranging from the golden fields of wheat to the emerald rice paddies, and the towering stalks of sugarcane. Indeed, t

..]]> In recent years, the Gangetic Plain of India has witnessed a noticeable decline in the number of rainy days48. This study explores this phenomenon by analysing meteorological data from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), specifically utilizing the IMD's grid with a resolution of 0.25 degrees by 0.25 degrees dataset. Through rigorous data analysis and statistical methods, we reveal a significant and quantifiable reduction in how frequently rainy days in49 this agriculturally crucial

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/plive-fuel-moisture-contents-of-dominant-tree-species-of-tropical-thorn-forest-tamil-nadunbspp/ 2024-01-24 2024-01-24 Introduction Live fuel moisture content (LFMC) was defined as the water content of a leaf or shoot relative to its dry mass.1 The vegetation with high LFMC tends to have a low fire frequency, the water present in the plant tissue serves as a heat sink.2 It has been shown that the information on live fuel moisture content (LFMC) is useful for understanding the occurrence of wildland fire, fire behaviour and ecosystem health.3-5 Recently, Yebra et al. (2019)4 published a Globe-LFMC databa

..]]> A study was conducted for one year to record live fuel moisture contents (LFMC) of dominant tree species of tropical thorn forest ecosystem in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. Standard methods and protocols were followed for the sample collection, processes and analyses. The mean live fuel moisture values showed that all the dominant tree species of the tropical thorn forests possess high fire behaviour (LFMC values ranged from 101% to 125%). The LFMC had relationships with environmental factors (rainfa

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/psustainable-management-technique-for-recalcitrant-leaf-litter-of-mesua-ferrea-l-in-avenue-plantationsp/ 2024-04-23 2024-04-23 Introduction Planting trees along the roadsides of highways and pathways is known as avenue plantation1-2. It is practised for enhancing aesthetic value of premises and highways, to provide shade, protect soil erosion, and production of timber, flowers and fruits. The plantations also provide a sink for carbon dioxide3-5, release fresh oxygen6 and improve soil fertility. Avenue trees are commonly planted along roadsides in institutional campuses, commercial complexes,

..]]> Avenue plantation produces a significant amount of leaf litter throughout the year, and sustainable management is a primary concern in various establishments. Mesua ferrea L. (MF) is a widely grown avenue tree species that produces enormous amounts of leaf litter throughout the year. The litter remains undecomposed in natural conditions for a long time (2-3 years), requiring labour-intensive management. The rate of decomposition, nutrient dynamics and microbial species involved in the decomposit

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/ppredictive-modeling-of-extreme-weather-forecasting-events-an-lstm-approachp/ 2024-05-06 2024-05-06 Introduction Accurate rainfall prediction is of critical importance in various fields due to its substantial impact on agriculture, water resource management, environmental planning, and disaster alertness. While classic statistical algorithms like regression modeling are commonly employed in regions with consistent climatic conditions, they often struggle to effectively capture non-linear and complex rainfall patterns. Recurrent Neural Networks of the Long Short-Term Memory have shown

..]]> For a variety of industries, including agriculture, water resource management, and flood forecasting, accurate rainfall prediction is crucial. The purpose of this research work is to improve rainfall forecast system by employing the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based system. The LSTM utilized in the aforementioned study made predictions by using meteorological input variables such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Numerous elements affect the LSTM network's performance, such as the k

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pdistributed-embedded-system-for-air-quality-monitoring-based-on-long-range-lora-technologyp/ 2024-03-08 2024-03-07 IntroductionAir quality contamination has far-reaching consequences for climate, life expectancy, ecosystems, and standard of living. The concentration of population, industrial activities, and the growing number of vehicles poses significant health risks, particularly in urban areas.1. This research introduces a system designed to gather data on the levels of air pollutant gases, particulate matter, and various meteorological factors, leading to calculate the Air Quality Index (AQI) based on th

..]]> This study addresses the persistent challenge of urban air quality deterioration through the introduction of the Distributed Embedded System (DES). In response to limitations associated with conventional air quality measurement methods, the DES system offers a cost-effective and portable alternative for real-time monitoring. The study focuses on implementing a low-cost distributed system and developing effective communication protocols between sensor nodes. Equipped with Metal Oxide Semiconducto

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pimpact-of-surface-dew-point-temperature-precipitable-water-and-the-lifted-index-on-the-precipitation-over-hyderabad-indiap/ 2024-03-07 2024-03-07 Introduction Precipitation affects the Earth’s ecosystem. Precipitation is water in liquid form in the atmosphere and falls on to the earth. Precipitation also depends on temperature. Precipitation provides water required to all plants, animals and humans. Precipitation patterns (such as rain and snowfall) are also changing in many parts of the world. This may affect the availability of water for plants and animals and may lead to drought or floods in some areas. Rising temperatures,

..]]> In this manuscript, we analyze some significant atmospheric parameters relating to precipitation over Hyderabad. For that purpose, we study the relationships between dew point temperature, precipitable water, lifted index with precipitation and the correlation between these parameters. Our analysis includes interpolation, correlation, and regression. For the ten-year average of monthly mean data, the correlation coefficient of dew point temperature with precipitable water is 0.95, the lifted ind

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pexploring-cost-effective-fleet-electrification-possibilities-for-public-transit-services-in-kutch-regionp/ 2024-04-08 2024-04-08 IntroductionIndia's "Shoonya Campaign" pursues the ambitious objective of achieving net zero emissions by 2070.1-3Rooted in the Sanskrit word "Shoonya," meaning zero, this campaign underscores the paramount need to revolutionize the transport sector. The envisaged transition entails a radical and expeditious shift toward zero-emission vehicles, effectively putting an end to emission-spewing transportation systems. Urban centers bear the brunt of the negative ramification

..]]> The extensive use of fossil fuels in transit buses has led to both environmental problems and fuel scarcity. Renewable energy has emerged as a potential solution to mitigate these issues. Many countries worldwide have already adopted renewable energy to address these challenges. Similarly, the Indian government has initiated e-vehicle adoption in various sectors through subsidies to reduce dependence on conventional fuels. This research investigates two key areas: Fuel consumption dependency and

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pchanging-tourism-trends-and-vulnerability-assessment-of-built-environment-in-hill-stations-of-indian-himalayan-regionnbspp/ 2024-03-26 2024-03-26 Introduction In the period between 2019 and 2028, the Indian tourism and travel industry is anticipated to grow at a rate of 10.35% annually 1. Pertaining to the rich natural and built heritage of India, the tourism trend has inclined more domestic tourism post the COVID -19 pandemic. The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), with 10% of its income from tourism, extends up to 2400 Km over an area of 500,000 sq. Km 2. The tourism trend in the Himalayan region of India has chan

..]]> Tourist arrivals in the Indian Himalayan region have led to an increase of 1.6 times the population of the native residents in 2019. The trend of winter tourism among foreign tourists, along with adventure and pilgrimage tourism, has resulted in an average annual growth of 28.78% between 2002 and 2013. This study focuses on the changing tourism and climatic trends in tourist hotspots of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) to evaluate the vulnerability of the built environment, which arises from th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pmapping-long-term-transformation-of-wetlands-and-annual-rainfall-variability-in-madhubani-district-1975-2022p/ 2024-04-10 2024-04-10 IntroductionLarge tracts of marshy ground, bog, fen, or water that have developed naturally or as a result of human activity are referred to be wetlands. Wetlands contain freshwater, brackish water, saltwater, and occasionally even parts of oceanic habitats. The water may be moving or stationary. 1–3 These are intrinsic ecosystems or habitats for specific group of plants and animals where presence or absence of water and its saturation level determines their formation, proces

..]]> In addition to supporting a rich biodiversity, wetlands serve as ecosystems that connect aquatic and terrestrial settings. They also play a critical ecological role by providing essential supplies. According to the National Wetland Atlas (2010), Bihar has a total of 21,988 wetlands with a total area of 4,03,209 hectares. These wetlands exhibit great range of floral and faunal diversity with large number of endemic species. The present paper endeavors to map the natural wetlands of Madhubani dist

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pthe-future-of-agriculture-in-a-carbon-constrained-worldp/ 2024-01-23 2024-01-23 IntroductionPlants and animals are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen mixture. Through biogeochemical cycles, elements including C, N, P, S, H, and O enter the biological organism. During respiration, stomata let atmospheric carbon, or CO2, to enter the plant. This carbon is utilized by plants to break down carbohydrates during photosynthesis. Carbon enters the animal's body along with the rest of the biomass when it consumes plant products for food. From the dry weight of plant matter, w

..]]> In a world grappling with the far-reaching consequences of climate change and a growing imperative to lower emissions of greenhouse gases, agriculture’s potential finds itself at a critical juncture. This paper explores the intricate dynamics of agriculture in a carbon-constrained world, presenting a nuanced analysis of the multifaceted challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. With a focus on sustainable practices, carbon sequestration, and innovative technologies, this study elucidates th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pactinomycetes-as-a-possible-source-of-bioremediation-of-heavy-metal-cadmium-from-contaminated-soilp/ 2024-02-08 2024-02-08 Introduction Over the recent past, the prompt escalation of heavy metals as contaminants poses a growing threat to the environment and through the accumulation in soil and subsequent uptake by plants, heavy metals are generating devastation in the environment, particularly in the agricultural sector1. This might be caused by the prolonged use of Phosphate fertilizers, the utilization of sewage sludge, industrial waste, and improper irrigation of agricultural r

..]]> Annually, a significant volume of chemicals, encompassing fertilizers and pesticides, is administered to agricultural soils. Using pesticides and fertilizers, agricultural practices contribute to heavy metal Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) pollution. Heavy metals and pesticides are high at the peak of ecological contaminants, presence of this has introduced grave risks to the health of the population and agronomics. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is recognized for its high m

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pcomparative-study-of-groundwater-quality-for-drinking-and-irrigation-purposes-in-selected-villages-of-manipur-indianbspp/ 2024-04-04 2024-04-04 IntroductionLife on the earth will not be possible without water. Water (H2O) is available in various forms like groundwater and surface water. However, many surface water bodies are diminishing continuously because of the increasing rate of urbanization and expansion of urban areas1. Not only this, the pollution load of many ground water bodies and surface water increases due to anthropogenic activities of the increasing population growth all over the world. Because of the diminishing of many s

..]]> A comparative study was done to monitor the groundwater qualities, both for drinking as well as irrigation purposes in some villages of Imphal East district, Manipur, in the period of pre-monsoon and monsoon of 2021. Totally, fifteen (15) groundwater samples were collected and examined for some important parameters like temperature, pH, TDS, TH, TA, Mg2+, K+, HCO3-, Ca2+, CO32-, Na+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-. The results revealed that all the groundwaters were slightly alkaline in nature and fall und

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pdistribution-of-recent-benthic-foraminifera-from-the-outer-channel-in-and-around-gabakund-sea-mouth-of-chilika-lagoonp/ 2024-04-15 2024-04-15 IntroductionBenthic Foraminifera belonging to the kingdom Protista thrive in specific ecological niches. These tiny microscopic organisms are characterized by extensive and continuous fossil records from Cambrian to recent times is used to study various  past and present environmental conditions mostly of coastal ecosystems such as estuaries, lagoons, mangroves, backwaters etc. 1, 2. The calcareous and agglutinated test of benthic foraminifera incorporates changes in biological

..]]> Chilika (19°28’ to 19°54’ N; 85°54’N to 85°38’ E) lagoon situated in the east coast of India is considered to be one of the largest tropical coastal brackish water bodies in Asia. The unique setup of 60 km long narrow strip of sand barriers and swampy islands separating the area from the sea with few mouths of interconnections in the east and draining of tributaries of the river Mahanadi in the west while its environmental condition governed by tidal inflows and the southwest monsoon

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pinterrelationship-among-soil-parameters-and-their-alteration-with-seasonal-changes-in-the-soil-of-bawal-town-haryanap/ 2024-06-01 2024-05-02 IntroductionSoil acts as a medium to maintain balance between atmosphere and various habitats and key support for various atmospheric cycles. Every soil is comprised of water, air, organic content, minerals and microscopic animals. Numerous microbes and other living things find a home in soil because of its unique chemical composition and physical characteristics.1 It also act as a sources and  sink for green house gases mainly CO2.It host  various  microorganisms,&

..]]> Soil is the backbone of agriculture and original source of nutrient that are needed by plants and crops to grow and survival. It is governed by various factors like anthropogenic and natural factors. In this study we aim to interpret the effect of climatic changes mainly seasonal variations on the soil health of Bawal industrial area. Samples were collected at the depth of 15 cm, from three different sites in three different seasons; summer, winter and monsoon. Samples were analyzed for pH, Elec

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pphytochemical-estimation-of-the-biocrude-of-pedilanthus-tithymaloides-a-petrocrop-with-pharmacognostic-propertiesp/ 2024-05-06 2024-05-06 IntroductionIncreasing energy demands due to rapid industrialization, expansion of agriculture and enormous increase in population have not only resulted in the extensive depletion of non-renewable petroleum resources but also increased global warming and climate change. This environmental deterioration and loss of fossil fuels has promoted the research in search of alternative renewable energy. Hence, it is essential to look for new sources of organic compounds which can act as substitute of pe

..]]> Researchers have taken an interest in finding crop species as alternative sources of nonconventional energy as fossil fuels or petroleum-derived fuels are quickly being reduced with the economic and political development and increasing use of automobiles. Hence, there is a scarcity of petroleum-derived fuels and industrial feedstock it has become essential to search for renewable sources of organic compounds. Solar energy is transformed into a by-product by green plants which are at par with syn

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pa-study-on-urban-heat-island-uhi-challenges-and-opportunities-for-mitigationp/ 2024-02-08 2024-02-08 IntroductionUrban heat island (UHI) occurs when urban areas are warmer than their rural surroundings. Air pollution and smog levels rise, thermal comfort drops, and building energy consumption rises because of this effect. Urbanization, characterized by the expansion of buildings, impervious surfaces, and the introduction of human-generated heat, constitutes the principal factor of Urban Heat Island (UHI)1. When the urban thermal environment changes, it affects the urban energy balance and cause

..]]> Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a significant issue in metropolitan regions in India, where cities are experiencing increasing temperatures ranging from 1 to 5 °C. Although UHI is a global phenomenon, it particularly impacts major cities in India, and there is a need for more research in this field. This review compares the latest global developments in UHI research with the current research in India, highlighting areas where India may lag. The review notes that there is a lack of research on UHI in

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pan-experimental-study-for-air-temperature-distribution-in-a-conditioned-room-using-various-vertical-locations-of-conditioned-air-ductsp/ 2024-02-14 2024-02-14 IntroductionThe air temperature distribution and air velocity distribution in conditioned space are not uniform. Therefore, the airflow and temperature distribution patterns are important parameters in the performance study of conditioned systems, occupant comfort, and well-being. The design and configuration of air distribution systems play a pivotal role in achieving uniform thermal conditions throughout the room 1. The demand for a comfortable indoor environment is increasing in the current d

..]]> The Air distribution phenomenon is most useful in thermal environment study and its effectiveness. The main aim of this investigation is to examine and discover the thermal properties of the inside area and its thermal environment. The experimental work for research was studied at the first-floor lab of the government women’s polytechnic, Bhopal. The experiment was conducted in the summer and winter seasons in a closed-conditioned room with the arrangement of a conditioned air discharge duct.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pland-use-land-cover-changes-and-associated-drivers-a-case-of-salooni-block-of-chambanbspp/ 2024-02-16 2024-02-16 IntroductionLand is a valuable natural resource that contributes significantly to the growth and survival of humans by providing them with food and shelter. The land use and land cover pattern of a region results from how humans have used natural and socioeconomic elements over time and space. Despite having diverse land uses, two pieces of land could have identical land cover. Therefore comprehending the natural landscape and how humans use it requires an understanding of LULC.1 There are very

..]]> Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) changes are the anthropogenic alteration of the natural landscape. The LULC changes have been generated by a variety of factors, including natural, demographic, and economic ones, which put pressure on the land and had a variety of environmental effects. The transformation in Landscape is affecting the livelihoods of people in numerous ways. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the patterns in land use in order to determine how land should be developed, managed, and

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pbamboo-bandalling-technique-for-river-bank-protection-and-flood-control-a-critical-reviewnbspp/ 2024-05-14 2024-05-14 Introduction Rivers are an important resource for a country as water is the key to survival for all living beings1. India is a land of many big rivers such as the Ganges, the Yamuna, the Brahmaputra, etc. These rivers have been utilized for building multipurpose projects for irrigation, power generation, navigation, etc. Therefore, these rivers must remain functional all-round the year and provide an adequate depth. Most of these rivers are sediment-laden which decreases the effective f

..]]> River training is crucial for safeguarding river banks against erosion and preventing damage during floods. Various established methods like spurs, dykes, and revetments have been employed for many years. Researchers are currently investigating a novel river training approach known as bandal-like structures, aiming to demonstrate their cost-effectiveness as a potential alternative to existing structures. The bamboo bandalling technique effectively controls erosion and promotes sedimentation in r

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pchemical-potency-of-cobalt-doped-modified-graphite-electrode-prepared-by-electrochemical-method-and-its-application-in-degrading-solution-of-rhodamine-b-dyep/ 2024-05-14 2024-05-14 IntroductionDue to the toxicity of dye which harmful to ecosystem. In many countries throughout the world major contamination has occurred as a result of the widespread discharge of wastewater from industries containing organic dyes onto land and water bodies. The textile, rubber, paper, cosmetic, plastics, leather, pharmacological and foodstuff industries together utilize more than ten thousand effluents, which contributes to the enormous volume of wastewater produced each year. Dyes often cons

..]]> Primary goal of the present study is to progress a methodological framework for Rhodamine-B dye degradation using cobalt doped graphite modified electrode in aqueous solution by electrochemical method. This is environmentally friendly method. Rate study for Rh-B dye degradation under various parameters like concentration, applied current and temperature were studied and compared between Graphite electrode and Cobalt graphite electrode. Ultra Violet-Visible spectral data and Chemical oxygen deman

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pdevelopment-of-a-sustainable-dyeing-process-for-cotton-fabric-utilizing-natural-dyes-from-punica-granatum-l-and-curcuma-longap/ 2024-05-13 2024-05-13 IntroductionNatural colors offer vibrant dyes for cotton fabrics. These colors were obtained from minerals, plant parts, trees, and even soil, making them a sustainable and safe choice for various applications. Historically, natural colors have been used for centuries to color food, cosmetics, clothes, furniture, and artwork. From ancient remedies and dyes for cotton fabrics to modern food coloring and ayurvedic medicines, the versatility of natural colors is undeniable1, 2.Nat

..]]> Pomegranate fruit grains and turmeric have naturally dyeing properties, making them nontoxic, non-allergic, and biodegradable alternatives to synthetic dyes for coloring various textiles, including cotton. This study used pomegranate and turmeric extracts to dye bleached cotton fabric using various mordants, including pre-, post-, and simultaneous mordanting techniques. The natural dyes in these extracts contains alkaloids, tannins, anthocyanins, glycosides, and curcumin, impart different colour

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/passessment-of-zooplankton-community-in-the-kagina-river-dam-kachur-sedam-taluk-kalaburagi-district-karnatakap/ 2024-05-13 2024-05-13 IntroductionZooplankton are small, primarily microscopic, and often drifting aquatic organisms that form a crucial component of the plankton community in various aquatic ecosystems. In the aquatic food chain, zooplankton play a important job by transporting energy to larger aquatic organisms such as fish and other higher trophic levels from primary producers like phytoplankton. Zooplankton is a useful marker of alterations in water quality because they react fast to changes in

..]]> Zooplankton plays a vital role in the aquatic food chain particularly for fishes and aquatic animals. The current study was conducted on community of Zooplankton in Kagina River Dam, Kachur, Sedam Taluk, Kalaburagi, Karnataka. Water samples were collected every month for oneyear i.e., October 2022 to September 2023. Twenty species of zooplankton are recorded and are belong to three groups such as rotifer (Eight species), Cladocera (Six species) and Copepoda (Six species). From the investigation,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pheavy-metal-phytoremediation-by-crop-species-at-hebbal-industrial-area-mysuru-indiap/ 2024-05-13 2024-05-13 IntroductionInternational bodies like the World Health Organization regularly evaluate and conduct extensive research on the effects of heavy metals on human health 1. Heavy metals are major contributors to environmental contamination as a result of human activities, particularly industrialization. Heavy metals are one of the primary abiotic stresses that have led to contamination of the environment in recent decades2. This type of pollution has the potential to affect humans, animals, and plant

..]]> Heavy metals are frequently added to the soil in the area of study as a result of industrialization. Removing this heavy metal from the soil is a difficult procedure, and phytoremediation is an essential and effective method for remediation. Heavy metals present in the study area include Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn. Two plants namely Brassica juncea L. and Rapanus sativus L. were successfully grown on the polluted areas soil samples for phytoremediation. Brassica juncea L remediates the heavy metals

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pmapping-of-physicochemical-properties-of-groundwater-using-span-stylebackground-colorrgb255255255colorrgb000qgisspan-of-bhopal-district-of-madhya-pradesh-indiap/ 2024-05-13 2024-05-13 IntroductionThe primary sources of drinking water in Bhopal include the Upper Lake and the Narmada River, complemented by groundwater. Water is the basic requirements of all life on Earth. 10 Regular monitoring of groundwater quality is crucial due to its significance in the city's water supply. Once groundwater is contaminated, restoring it becomes challenging, making preventive measures essential 1. Over time, there has been a noticeable decline in groundwater quality attributed to both a

..]]> This study investigates the groundwater quality in the Bhopal district, located in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. The water quality parameters spatial distribution map is created using QGIS Desktop 3.22.16. The research aims to calculate the groundwater suitability for purposes of drinking by collecting 47 samples from various locations within the district. The analysis includes eleven parameters related to groundwater quality, which is pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids, Elec

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pdynamics-of-peri-urban-land-alteration-in-and-around-siliguri-city-india-a-geo-spatial-studyp/ 2024-05-10 2024-05-10 IntroductionUrbanization has been the locus of attraction to researchers, planners and scientists in the 21st century. The population of the world is supposed to live in urban space, with an increase of 68% by the year 2050. At the same time, India will add 416 million urban dwellers.1 From 1900 to 1950, growth in Indian cities remained largely within municipal boundaries.2 The outward expansion of the large metro cities has resulted in more frequent and progressive changes in the rural areas. I

..]]> Urban studies in more detailed form have emphasized zonal development and spatio-temporal transformation of cities. With the progress of time, the city expands outward, which gives birth to new urban areas. While areas within the administrative boundary of a city often goes through the process of planning, those, outside the administrative jurisdiction of the city often lack proper management and organization of land. This often results in haphazard urban growth and proliferation of semi-formal

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/poverview-of-agricultural-subsidies-in-india-and-its-impact-on-environmentp/ 2024-05-10 2024-05-10 IntroductionAgriculture is the backbone of India's economy, providing livelihoods to a majority of the population. More than 60 percent of India's population earns a living from agriculture, as it provides employment to around 58 percent of people (GOI). Given agriculture's immense contribution, the sector requires special policy attention and support to sustain growth. In recent years, India's focus has shifted more towards industrial advancement, which has led to a decline

..]]> Agriculture is vital to India's economic development, providing food security to over 1.4 billion people and employing 58% of the population, while contributing 19-20% to GDP. The government's spending on the agricultural sector has been increasing annually, reaching Rs. 1,25,036 crores in 2023, up from Rs. 1,22,836 crores in 2022. The government provides various forms of agricultural subsidies, both direct and indirect, aimed at spurring growth in the sector. However, the efficacy of

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pdetermination-of-heavy-metals-in-indoor-dust-in-the-vicinity-of-kota-thermal-power-plant-under-meteorological-influence-at-an-industrial-cityp/ 2024-05-08 2024-05-09 IntroductionIndoor air pollution can result from the infiltration of outdoor pollutants (road dusts), comprising vehicular, household and factory releases, eroding of roadside construction and other sources. Dust comprises of particulate matter from organic/ inorganic constituents along with dry deposition, earth crust and other pollutants, particularly toxic heavy metals1-7. Incidental incorporation of dust facilitates entry of heavy metals in the body.Road dust is made up of particulate matter

..]]> Nowadays, the assessment of indoor air quality becomes quite significant owing to the extensive residing time spent by people at work place or at office. Keeping this in mind, this study aims at determining concentrations of selected anthropogenic origin metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) and crustal origin metals (Ca and Fe) in 47 dust samples obtained from indoor environment of houses in the industrial Kota city, India in summer months (March, April and May, 2022) and October 2022 under meteorological

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol19no1/pgeographical-peculiarities-of-pinus-sibirica-du-tour-natural-regeneration-as-related-to-its-seed-cropsp/ 2024-05-08 2024-05-08 IntroductionIdentifying patterns in the dynamics of woody plant populations during their renewal stage, which profoundly influences the subsequent development and structure of biogeocenosis, is a significant challenge in forest ecology. Alongside seed production, the distribution of seeds from tree species that contribute to forest formation is a crucial stage to consider. The functioning of forest ecosystems is not governed by rigid laws but rather exhibits stochastic patterns rooted in the the

..]]> Forest ecology faces a significant challenge in understanding the dynamics of populations of forest-forming trees during their renewal phase, as it shapes the subsequent development and structure of forest ecosystems. The forest regeneration process relies on the dynamics of the seed yield of the woody plants and the unique characteristics of their distribution. In the case of the Cembrae sp. five-needled pines belonging, which have wingless seeds, their renewal is closely linked to the activiti

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