mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pstatistical-analysis-of-thirty-year-rainfall-variability-in-udaipur-district-rajasthan-indiap/ 2023-12-14 2023-12-14 IntroductionClimate variability refers to long-term variations in meteorological factors such as rainfall, humidity, temperature, wind speed, evaporation, and others1,2. Global warming is the most critical environmental concern as it is responsible for global climate change and leads to variations in long-term rainfall patterns that affect water availability worldwide3,4. There are four principal greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the environment, namely, carbon dioxide, water vapour, methane, and nitro

..]]> The rainfall variability for the Udaipur district for thirty years (1991–2020) was statistically analysed in this study. The linear regression (parametric) and Mann–Kendall (non-parametric) trend test along with precipitation indices performed using rainfall data collected from 9 rain gauge stations situated in different parts of the Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. An increasing trend was found between the months March to November in the Udaipur district, indicating that total annual rai

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pdilution-of-salinity-using-rainwater-harvesting-system-an-innovative-approachp/ 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 IntroductionDelhi's Union Territory is characterized by a flat, level landscape interrupted by clusters of sand dunes and continuous chains of rocky ridges.1 Salinity hazards are prevalent in New Delhi and its surroundings areas due to excessive sodium, calcium, magnesium, and chlorine concentrations.2 The combination of arid conditions with the summer season causes fine pores in silt clay to act as capillaries to lift water from the shallow water table. This water evapora

..]]> In view of the increasing water demand, this paper recognizes rainwater harvesting as an innovative approach to the dilution of salinity. It proposes dilution of salinity to reduce both the direct and indirect effects of salinity on human health and well-being. This paper focuses on the saline regions of the Union Territory of Delhi. It identifies possibilities for salinity dilution by proposing an innovative approach to implement rainwater harvesting. For this purpose, this paper evaluates the

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/passessment-of-physicochemical-and-microbiological-characteristics-of-rainwater-harvested-from-different-rooftops-in-owerri-imo-state-nigeria-p/ 2024-01-02 2024-01-02 Introduction There is a recent growing public concern in the quality of water from natural sources due to environmental pollution. The threat posed by environmental pollution on surface and ground water sources has elevated the search for other reliable sources of domestic water supply1. Rainfall forms a substantial source of water to the living world after surface and groundwater sources2. The harvest of rainwater from rainfall is seasonal and the role it plays as a natural source of water cann

..]]> Assessment of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of rainwater harvested from different rooftops in Owerri, Imo State was carried out using standard methods. Rainwater samples collected from different rooftops were analyzed for quality and compared to the standard for World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Rainwater was also collected directly from the rainfall and analyzed. The result of the physicochemical parameters show

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pa-review-paper-on-assessing-the-environmental-impact-of-recycled-aggregate-production-and-usep/ 2023-12-05 2023-12-05 IntroductionOne of the most pressing concerns facing the globe today is how to manage the garbage that is contributing significantly to environmental problems. Construction and Demolition Wastes, agricultural waste, glass, and plastic waste make up the majority of this waste 1. Less waste ends up in our landfills the more we recycle. Recycling offers several benefits. That goes beyond merely reducing the amount of trash dumped at dump sites. Recycling provides economic and social advant

..]]> Garbage management has emerged as one of our planet's most serious challenges, owing to its considerable contribution to environmental issues. Waste from construction and destruction (C&D), together with agricultural waste, glass, and plastic garbage, account for the majority of this waste. Due to its considerable role in environmental problems, garbage management is an urgent global task. Recycling has gained popularity as a way to reduce landfill trash, including the aggregate made fr

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pclimate-change-mitigation-potential-of-forestry-sector-for-sustainability-of-agro-ecosystem-a-reviewp/ 2023-09-18 2023-09-18 IntroductionWhen compared to other terrestrial ecosystems, forests stand out as the most pervasive, diverse, and ecologically productive. These biotic components of ecosystem services are crucial because of the carbon they store and the resilience they add to the ecosystem1. The total worth of the ecosystem benefits from their involvement as well. They provide food and water for a mass of people and protect the world’s biodiversity31. The ecosystems are in danger because of the fluctuating wea

..]]> Ecosystems that are currently struggling are likely faring and pathetic conditions because of climate change. The most pressing problems facing people in the world's developing parts of the world are water scarcity, dwindling biodiversity, and stagnant agricultural output. According to the majority of scientists, global warming can be stopped before it becomes irreversible if temperatures are kept within a range of 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius. Greenhouse gases, sometimes known as GHGs, are the

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/penvironment-friendly-refrigerants-for-sustainable-refrigeration-and-air-conditioning-nbspa-reviewp/ 2023-09-18 2023-09-18 IntroductionRefrigeration and air conditioning systems play a vital role in numerous industries, such as food preservation, healthcare, comfort cooling, and industrial operations. These systems utilize refrigerants for heat transfer and cooling.1 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were historically extensively used as refrigerants due to their favourable properties, including stability, minimal toxicity, and high energy efficiency. However, the discovery of their neg

..]]> Refrigeration and air conditioning systems play a vital role in our modern society, and refrigerants are integral components of these systems. Traditional refrigerants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have caused significant environmental concerns because of their role in ozone depletion and global warming. Consequently, interest has increased in developing and implementing environmentally benign refrigerants possessing minimal global warming potential (GWP) a

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/p-styletext-alignjustifythe-potential-use-of-plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria-pgpr-for-medicinal-plant-cultivation-in-meghalaya-a-reviewp/ 2023-11-20 2023-11-20 IntroductionFrom the ancient times, people have been depended on natural remedies especially derived from plants for producing drugs to cure various diseases which were based on some traditional knowledge and practice 1. Rhizospheric bacteria helps to promote the growth and resistance to host from various pathogens and abiotic stress conditions. They have the ability to synthesize the secondary metabolites which are found to show positive biological effects2. At present, a significant n

..]]> Beneficial PGPR have been identified in a range of plant species, including those with medicinal properties. These PGPR have been shown to enhance the growth and development of medicinal plants through the improvement of nutrient availability in rhizospheric root systems. Some medicinal plants have been found to harbour specific strains of PGPR that are associated with increased medicinal properties and enhanced bioactive compound production. So, the use of PGPR can minimise the application of c

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pimpact-of-a-crisis-on-waste-management-policy-adherence-and-practices-a-narrative-review-of-bio-medical-waste-management-during-the-covid-19-pandemicnbspp/ 2023-09-18 2023-09-18 IntroductionHealth experts have linked uncommon occurrences of pneumonia that occurred in Wuhan, a city in China, in December 2019 to the wet market, a place where live animals are sold for consumption 1. The precise pathway to human infections is still unknown as a result of the lack of initial emphasis given to research to find intermediate hosts 2,3. Ophthalmologist Dr. Lee Wein attempted to alert medical professionals about this virus by describing its symptoms. At the age of 34, he passed a

..]]> As the greatest threat to humanity since the Black Death of 1929, the COVID-19 pandemic is believed to be the worst and most terrible world-wide health catastrophe of the century. This pandemic has significantly altered the demographics, and ordinary economic activity ceased to save human lives. Although the limited economy has helped to create an environmentally friendly atmosphere, it additionally brought about a significant problem with biomedical waste. This review paper covers the various s

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pgroundwater-assessment-in-udham-singh-nagar-uttarakhand-india-using-multivariate-statistical-techniques-wqi-and-hpip/ 2023-10-10 2023-10-10 IntroductionDue to its extensive effects on human health, sustainable management of water and its contamination requires our full attention. The litho logy of the region, atmospheric input, climatic situation, and anthropogenic input are a few notable elements that can have an extensive impact on the quality of groundwater resources at any given location. Surface and groundwater are harmed by natural process for example variations in rain inputs, soil wearing away, and weathering of crustal rock

..]]> We conducted a study to assess the variations in groundwater quality and metal pollution and identify the sources in the U S Nagar district of Uttarakhand state of India using multivariate statistical techniques. The two essential indicators of any developed society are Safe drinking water and decontamination. This research aims to undertake drinking water quality analyses of the groundwater and the sources of contamination in Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand. We produced results of 250 s

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/ppesticide-application-in-trinidadian-food-supply-chain-food-safety-and-sustainability-implicationsp/ 2023-11-13 2023-11-13 IntroductionCrop protection mechanisms, including the use of pesticides, are vital for safeguarding crops from organisms that affect their growth and development. Such mechanisms were advocated and profusely used during the era of green revolution to feed the growing population with limited arable land. This trend continues even today as a large portion of agricultural land being lost to commercial and residential development.In agricultural practises, pesticides are frequently used to mitigate

..]]> The use of pesticides, although ensures crop protection and enables to achieve food security, often causes negative externalities for both human and the environment. This study sought to identify the factors that influence pesticide application in Trinidad, a major CARICOM nation, by conducting structured interviews with 174 farmers in eight municipal counties. The data were analysed using Ordered Probit Model. While gender and age showed no significant impact on pesticide use frequency, farm si

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/peffect-of-physico-chemical-parameters-and-inorganic-nutrient-ions-in-relation-with-seasonal-algal-diversity-of-river-ichhamati-west-bengal-indiap/ 2023-12-07 2023-12-07 IntroductionRiver always plays a vital role sustaining life of any civilisation as it is a prime sector of economy. River is an important source to maintain ecosystem1. Ichhamati River make its way through India and Bangladesh and also acts as a border between India and Bangladesh2. Ichhamati travels a distance of nearly 216 km and finally meet with Kalindi river  at Hasnabad , North 24 Parganas and finally ends in Bay of Bengal in Moore Isla

..]]> The present study reflects seasonal algal diversity as a source of food for fishes in the river Ichhamati during October 2021 to August 2022. To understand the seasonal algal pattern in the river Ichhamati, physicochemical parameters of river water such as Hardness, Conductivity, pH, Total Dissolve Solids, Turbidity, Dissolve Oxygen, Salinity, Turbidity, Total Alkalinity, Salinity, Biological Oxygen Demand as well as biologically significant inorganic ion concentrations in river water namely

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/plocational-suitability-of-paschim-boragaon-landfill-adjacent-to-deepor-beel-wetland-assamp/ 2023-11-01 2023-11-01 IntroductionDeepor Beel functions as a vital reservoir for Guwahati, benefiting from interconnected inflow and outflow channels.1 Being an open basin and freshwater lake, it plays a vital role in reducing the effects of flash floods.2–4 It holds immense biological and environmental value, serving as a natural home to diverse avian species 1,5,6, various aquatic plants, and animals.7–10 Wetlands provide essential ecological services by contributing to watershed functions such as elim

..]]> Deepor Beel, situated in the lower Assam region of Brahmaputra Valley, is a significant wetland that holds immense importance and is classified within the biogeographical region of the Burma monsoon forest. The beel acts as a crucial reservoir for storing water in Guwahati, aiding in mitigating the effects of flash flooding. The beel is endowed with luxuriant aquatic flora and fauna and maintains a well-balanced ecosystem. Nevertheless, the presence of the Paschim Boragaon Landfill in close prox

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/poptimizing-ci-engine-ethanol-fuel-induction-techniques-using-the-ahp-promethee-ii-hybrid-decision-modelp/ 2023-11-30 2023-11-30 IntroductionDiesel-powered vehicles have been gaining significant market share in the Indian automotive industry, owing to their inherent advantages, including enhanced efficiency and power. However, the simultaneous reduction of NOx (Nitrogen oxides) and PM/soot emissions while maintaining optimal engine performance and adhering to rigorous pollution regulations presents a formidable challenge for the automobile sector 1. Many researchers have focused towards the utilization o

..]]> Ethanol along with nanoparticles stands out as a promising alternative in the pursuit of environmentally sustainable fuel options, offering a potential solution to the dual challenge of curbing NOx and PM/soot emissions while optimizing engine performance in compliance with stringent pollution regulations for compression ignition (CI) engines. The research study aims to optimize ethanol fuel induction techniques for CI engines. It utilizes a hybrid decision-making approach that integrates the an

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pbi-temporal-analysis-of-vegetation-index-on-land-surface-temperature-in-kottayam-keralap/ 2023-11-16 2023-11-16 Introduction Accelerated urbanization of a particular area is always associated with the cost of the transformation of its original Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) pattern. This results in the natural green spaces to undergo a considerable transition into artificial impermeable surfaces like concrete, asphalt and metals etc.1 Escalation of impervious surfaces increases absorption of solar radiation, storage, and reduction of long-wave radiation loss, lower albedo, thereby affecting air h

..]]> The impact of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) on the LST (Land Surface Temperature) as well as on the genesis of surface heat islands in urban areas during two different time periods was assessed in Kottayam district, Kerala, India. Landsat TM, Landsat OLI and TIRS imagery from the years 1988 and 2020 were employed to scrutinize the relationship between NDVI and LST. The area covered under different NDVI classes were quantified. The finding indicated that NDVI of the research regio

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pmodification-and-performance-of-a-rotating-biological-contactor-for-the-rectification-of-synthetic-auramine-o-dye-wastewaterp/ 2023-10-20 2023-10-20 IntroductionThe disposal of domestic and industrial wastewater into the drainage/atmosphere without treatment is a major source of pollution that endangers the health of the population and needs to be controlled. The prime traditional technologies for the domestic/industrial wastewater treatment such as tertiary nutrient removal and activated sludge are expensive for the treatment of wastewater to provide a satisfactory solution. The attached growth technology relies on the principle that organi

..]]> The disposal of domestic and industrial wastewater into the drainage/atmosphere without treatment is a major source of pollution that endangers the health of the population and needs to be controlled. Despite long been used as a secondary treatment strategy for wastewater, conventional rotating biological contactor (RBC) suffers from the drawbacks of limited surface area for the growth of biofilms. There are persistent problems of less oxygenation capacity, and inefficient mixing resulting in in

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pan-investigation-into-the-microbiological-quality-of-groundwater-in-an-industrial-hub-in-mid-hills-of-northern-indiap/ 2023-10-17 2023-10-17 IntroductionGlobally, various anthropogenic activities related with industrialization, urbanization and chemical based farming have affected the physical, chemical and biological properties of drinking water1, 2. Polluted water transmits various infectious diseases such as shigelosis, dysentery, diarrhoea, cholera, hepatitis etc3, 4. Poor  water sanitation and hygiene is responsible for about 88% of the diarrhoeal disease across the world5.In India, anthropogenic activities lea

..]]> Frequent water-borne disease outbreaks affecting human health have been reported in district Solan, which is a rapidly industrialing region of Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India. For ascertaining the cause, microbiological assessment of drinking groundwater sources of the region was undertaken. For this, thermotolerant coliform study and genome typing were undertaken. Multiple tube fermentation technique was employed in selected five sources to detect thermotolerant coliforms during the

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pdrainage-morphometric-analysis-of-yagachi-watershed-area-karnataka-state-indiap/ 2023-11-21 2023-11-21 IntroductionRiver networks have been the subject of extensive research by geoscientists, including hydrologists, since 19501. Numerous general bivariate relationships have been found, and a wealth of literature on drainage watershed morphometry has contributed to understanding drainage evolution in the context of controlling variables in a specific geological terrain2. A naturally occurring geohydrologic unit known as a "watershed" distributes precipitation runoff to a single

..]]> The Yagachi River watershed in Karnataka State has been chosen for a thorough analysis to recognize the drainage system, morphometric features, and vulnerability of the watershed area to erosion. As a prerequisite to the analysis of morphometric features utilizing ArcGIS software, the stream networks and sub-watersheds (viz., SW01, SW02, SW03 and SW04) were delineated by making use of topographic sheets and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Yagachi watershed covers an area of 551.45 sq. km and

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pstudy-of-sup220suprn-and-its-progeny-circulation-in-a-test-roomnbspp/ 2023-11-08 2023-11-08 IntroductionSince the focus on the health effects of radiation exposure has switched from acute high levels to chronic low levels, both scientists and the general public is becoming more concerned about background radiation1. Due to higher average concentrations of early radionuclides in soil and the byproducts of their decay, such as 222Rn (radon) and 220Rn (thoron), in the surroundings, many places on Earth have higher natural background radiation levels1. The background radiation has

..]]> Data for 220Rn in indoor and industrial environments are limited since it is widely accepted that its concentrations are meager on account of its diminutive half life, so its participation to respiration dose is disregarded on account of the incidence of considerable sources of ambient radiation. An effective dose from indoor 222Rn and its half springs accounts for almost half to the sources of natural radiation. However, indoor studies carried out in Asian continent imply the dose intake from 2

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pchallenges-in-implementing-environmental-laws-and-policies-in-indiap/ 2023-12-20 2023-12-20 IntroductionEnvironmental protection now falls under fundamental law in India. Every person's right to live in a pollution-free environment is safeguarded under the Indian constitution. Even if they are sound, it may need much labour to execute and enforce rules and regulations. The sustainability of the Earth is in danger due to the irresponsible use of the environment by humans. Hence, environmental preservation is essential. Because of this, every country makes laws and regulations in ad

..]]> This study explores the implementation challenges of environmental laws and policies in India. It reveals the difficulties and problems associated with breaking environmental laws and regulations in India. This study's primary goal is to list the several obstacles India must overcome in order to put environmental laws and policies into effect. A review of the literature of this study provides other points and topics that are aimed to be discussed. The importance of maintaining rules, issues

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pa-bibliometric-analysis-of-electronic-waste-management-issues-and-challengesp/ 2023-11-13 2023-11-13 IntroductionWith the world moving towards sustainable behaviors, electronic waste offers new challenges to countries worldwide. According to the definition given under the Basel Convention, the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is defined as “electrical or electronic equipment that is waste, including all components, sub-assemblies and consumables that are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste.” As per the Global E-waste Monitor 2019 1, only 17.4% of th

..]]> Electronic waste is becoming a burgeoning problem for countries worldwide. The increasing waste streams are entering the ecosystem and further deteriorating the health of citizens worldwide. An emerging economy like India, which offers a key market for electronic devices, shares a greater concern for appropriate e-waste management practices. The present study focuses on the growth of academic literature in this field and its future direction. It utilizes the PRISMA method of systematically analy

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pphysico-chemical-characteristics-of-the-river-kulik-of-the-uttar-dinajpur-district-of-west-bengal-indiap/ 2023-11-14 2023-11-14 IntroductionWater is considered one of the most important of all the natural resources present on earth. It is essential for most ecological systems, all living organisms, food production, human health, and economic development.1 Water is one of the principal natural resources for the survival of mankind and is abundant in the ecosystem. 2 Nature contains water in a variety of forms, including lakes, rivers, oceans, clouds, rain, and fog. Nevertheless, in nature, chemically pure water d

..]]> The river Kulik is an internationally important river between India and Bangladesh. Till date, no work has been done to understand the physico-chemical characteristics as well as the pollution status of the river Kulik at the Raiganj and Hemtabad blocks in the Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India. The goal of this investigation was to analyse different physico-chemical parameters to understand the present level of pollution in the river Kulik for two years, from November 2019 until Octobe

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pplant-growth-promoting-bacteria-pgpb-a-potent-source-of-heavy-metal-stress-management-in-plantsnbspp/ 2023-11-09 2023-11-09 IntroductionHeavy metals (HMs) are naturally occurring toxic elements widely distributed in the environment. Due to some anthropogenic activities, the concentration of the HMs on the earth’s surface is increasing gradually, sometimes crossing the normal limits, causing remarkable harm to the environment 1. Heavy metals, after entering the soil, their persistence become a long-term threat to soil microbiota and vegetation, resulting in ecosystem malfunction. HMs in the soil ma

..]]> Heavy metals or metalloids are toxic elements found throughout the crust of the earth’s surface. The gradual increase of heavy metal concentration in soil and water due to some natural and anthropogenic activities like application of agrochemicals, waste disposal, industrial activities, mining, smelting, lead-based paints, etc cause stress to the local vegetation. Soil microorganisms play a critical part in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and thereby exert direct or indirect p

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pdiversity-of-aquatic-macrophyte-species-of-pardi-wetland-valsad-district-gujarat-india-social-economic-and-ethnobotanical-importancep/ 2023-10-10 2023-10-10 IntroductionWater defines or impacts most, if not all, of a field’s biogeochemistry, or the biological, chemical, and physical features of a particular location, particularly areas of our terrain known as wetlands 1. Wetlands serve as the interface and ecotone habitat between the terrestrial ecosystem and the aquatic ecosystem. It indicates that wetlands are neither entirely aquatic nor terrestrial; depending on seasonal fluctuation, they may be both at a similar moment, which contains the wat

..]]> Wetlands, which serve as a transition between land and water, are a source of concern across the world in terms of resource evaluation and use, environmental protection, pollution control, eco-restoration, biodiversity conservation, and so on. Wetlands are an important aspect of human civilization because they provide drinking water, food, improved water quality, sediment retention, flood storage, transportation, recreation, and climate stabilization, among other things. Despite their numerous a

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pinstallation-and-performance-evaluation-of-a-solar-steam-cooking-system-for-1500-students-in-the-hills-a-case-studyp/ 2023-12-04 2023-12-04 IntroductionIndia’s current energy consumption for cooking is around 1,104 TWh. Annual use of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) on average, is 88.75 kilograms, 170 standard cubic meters (scm) of piped natural gas (PNG) and about 1,022 kWh of electricity. According to the Indian Energy Security Scenario portal of Niti Aayog, the estimated energy demand for cooking in 2047 would be around 410 to 599 TWh, following ‘heroic effort’ and ‘least effort’ scenarios respectively. According

..]]> Community cooking is becoming costlier as the cost of cooking fuel is rising globally and impacting the environment by emitting greenhouse gasses which are responsible for global warming. India’s main cooking fuel is LPG which is being imported and is a depleting natural resource. The use of fossil fuels results in the emission of GHGs. This necessitates the harness of solar energy for community cooking. The campus receives daily horizontal solar radiation of 3.66-7.53 kW/m2 which can be harne

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pclimate-extremes-and-sustainability-issues-a-case-of-proposed-hydropower-projects-in-lahaul-valley-himachal-pradeshp/ 2023-11-28 2023-11-28 IntroductionThe culmination of the twentieth century marked the fruition of globalisation and liberalisation around the world. The developing nations took a leap forward to boost their economy and began to make their presence felt globally. The visible impacts on external trade in India showed doubling of the ratio of total exports to GDP from 7.3 percent in 1990 to 14 percent in 20001. Realising the fact that countries like India and China are not only the biggest markets but also lead

..]]> Water and energy are the key to development; however, a great deal of contestation is at the very core of hydropower and sustainability debate in the context climate change and risk of disasters. A vast potential for renewable energy in the Himalayas has led to planning for hydropower projects since 1990s. However, social, economic and environmental issues linked to such development has also led to a fear among local communities in light of climate change. This study analysed the relation betwee

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pfarmers-perceptions-on-land-degradation-a-case-study-in-vietnamp/ 2023-11-01 2023-11-01 IntroductionLand degradation is a significant global concern that affects both the environment and development. 1 It encompasses various processes that result in the decline of land productivity, including diminished soil biological diversity and activity, erosion caused by wind and water, loss of soil structure, salinization, acidification, water logging, soil nutrient depletion and pollution. 2 The consequences of land degradation are detrimental, as it hinders agricultural development, exacer

..]]> This study aims to investigate farmers’ perception of land degradation in Vietnam, where land degradation is concerned as one of the nation's most pressing issues. Based on survey data from 826 farmers in three representative regions of Vietnam (including Hoa Binh province in Northern region, Quang Tri province in the Central Coastal region, and Can Tho province in Southern region) conducted in 2017, the study reveals that over 85% of the respondents have observed indications of land deg

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pforest-canopy-density-monitoring-by-using-geospatial-techniques-a-study-of-gadchiroli-district-maharashtra-indiap/ 2023-11-21 2023-11-21 IntroductionForests in India and globally are under constant threat due to deforestation, urbanisation, and climate change. Monitoring forest canopy density offers critical information for managing, conserving, and comprehending how these threats affect forests. Gadchiroli District in Maharashtra, India, is renowned for its dense forest cover and diverse wildlife. But over time, there have been experienced significant land-use land-cover changes over the years. Forests are crucial for t

..]]> Forest cover is a crucial part of the environment. It makes an essential contribution to the socio-economic and environmental welfare of the Nation. However, these forests are seriously threatened by deforestation, increased mining activity, population growth, uncontrolled urbanisation, a developing tendency of industrialisation, agricultural land purpose, shifting cultivation, effects on soil, water, and biodiversity, unsustainable forms of human activities and others. As a result, developing s

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pa-study-on-physical-characterization-of-municipal-solid-waste-of-jammu-city-on-the-basis-of-socioeconomic-status-of-the-populationp/ 2023-12-12 2023-12-12 IntroductionGeneration of waste is one of the unavoidable factors of the human existence on planet earth. Waste has been generated since ancient times in the  households. These waste material usually consisted of food waste, fruit and vegetable peels etc. These material were organic and return to soil or fed to cattle. But with the introduction of plastic the nature of waste started to change gradually. Also increasing population and urbanization  led to generation of large qua

..]]> Generation of waste has been associated with humans since dawn of civilization. But in recent decades due to factors like ever increasing population, urbanization and industrialization, the amount of waste generated has spiked to enormous proportions. The composition of waste has significantly changed since plastic was first used in the middle of the 19th century. MSW management is a significant environmental concern in India. Jammu City generates an immense amount of solid waste, approximately

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pa-comparative-analysis-of-arima-and-other-statistical-techniques-in-rainfall-forecasting-a-case-study-in-kolkata-kmc-west-bengalp/ 2023-12-18 2023-12-18 IntroductionRainfall is the primary supply of water for those whose entire existence is reliant on it. Rainfall prediction has become a significant concern in recent years, attracting the attention of government agencies, industries, risk assessment agencies, and the research community. Rainfall prediction models can aid in preserving people's lives and property while indirectly supporting the country's economy. Effectively forecasting long-term rainfall and quantification is essential

..]]> Rainfall forecasting in urban areas is a significant consideration for city planners due to its connection with urban water management. In this study, the ARIMA (auto-regressive integrated moving average) model, as well as several regression approaches such as simple linear and second to sixth-degree polynomial regression equations, have been used to forecast the annual rainfall based on 120 years of monthly and annual rainfall from 1901 to 2020 in Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), West Benga

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pneed-to-focus-on-nitrogen-pollution-controlp/ 2024-01-02 2024-01-02 According to recent reports, levels of atmospheric reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are increasing worldwide due to rise in fossil fuel combustion for energy and agricultural yields. The use of fossil fuel is changing air composition by adding NH3 and NOx  and their related compounds. The other RNS include  HNO3, HONO, NO3, N2O5, NO3- Peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN), NH4+ etc. The RNS are also disrupting life in general on land and underwater. Some of the RNS are k

..]]> Editorial

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pchanges-in-physicochemical-parameters-of-soil-along-the-villages-in-pendhurti-block-of-visakhapatnam-district-andhra-pradeshp/ 2024-02-02 2024-01-02 IntroductionThe assessment of soil quality often relies on the analysis of physicochemical properties, as highlighted by previous studies8, 19, 27. However, alternative indicators, including microbial biomass, soil respiration, activities of soil macro-fauna, and enzymes, have been identified as significant contributors to the quality of soil and health 5, 33.The combination of crops and vegetation, in conjunction with cultural practices, has the potential to alters the environment of soil throu

..]]> Soil represents a critical element of plant existence, ranking prominently among the five essential elements. When soil quality declines, it adversely impacts crop productivity. In the present research, the emphasis was placed on conducting a physicochemical analysis of soils in various villages within the Pendhurti block of Visakhapatnam district. In this research, 30 samples of soil were gathered haphazardly from 0 to 15 cm depth across 15 distinct villages.The soil samples gathered underwent

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pcomparative-analysis-of-artificial-neural-network-ann-and-wavelet-integrated-artificial-neural-network-w-ann-approaches-for-rainfall-modeling-of-southern-rajasthan-indiap/ 2023-12-31 2023-12-31 IntroductionRainfall holds significant importance for agricultural, domestic, industrial, and recreational purposes. The per capita availability of surface water in India was 2309 cubic meters in 1991 and decreased to 1902 cubic meters in 2001. Projections indicate a further decline to 1401 cubic meters by 2025 and 1191 cubic meters by 20501. The mounting pressure on water resources is a consequence of the escalating population2. The formation of rainfall involves intricate interplays of dynamic

..]]> This paper addresses the challenge of predicting erratic rainfall in Rajasthan state of India, particularly in southern regions. Reliable rainfall predictions are crucial for water resource management and agriculture planning. The research involved selecting 58 stations across seven districts of southern Rajasthan and identifying the best fit computational neural (ANN) and wavelet integrated computational neural (W-ANN) architectures based on performance metrics. Different combinations of input

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pavian-diversity-in-and-around-wetland-of-national-importance-pariyej-community-reservoir-gujarat-indiap/ 2023-12-30 2023-12-31 Introduction“Wetlands are the areas of marsh, fen, peatland, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salty, including areas of marine water the depth of which allow tides does not exceed six meters”1.Wetland ecosystems provide a range of distinct and varied habitats, and are found in diverse topographical and environmental contexts. Wetlands play a crucial role in providing a wide array of ecosystem goods and services, w

..]]> The Pariyej Community Reservoir (PCR) is a freshwater reservoir in the Kheda district of Gujarat State, India. The PCR is also listed in Asian Directory of Wetlands. It is an important water storage reservoir; falls in the 4-B Gujarat Rajwara region of Central Gujarat, India. The present study was carried out for the period of one year (March, 2021 to February, 2022) to assess the status of avian diversity in terms of its species richness, abundance, and density. 116 bird species from 20 order

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/paquatic-insects-as-bioindicators-of-water-quality-in-the-achenkovil-river-kerala-indiap/ 2023-12-27 2023-12-27 IntroductionFreshwater ecosystems cover less than 10% of the total Earth's surface, yet they accommodate more than 10% of all known animal species. 1 Among them, more than 60% are aquatic insect fauna with rich diversity and abundance. Most of them are semiaquatic, with one or more life cycles in an aquatic habitat followed by a terrestrial habitat. The immature stages of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, and Odonata are exclusively aquatic and are the predominant groups of a

..]]> The origin of the Achenkovil River, the Devarmalai of Western Ghats, is within the Konni reserve forest of Pathanamthitta district, flowing through Pathanamthitta, Kollam, and merging with the Pamba river in the Alappuzha district. This study included the spatial variation of aquatic insect fauna with respect to water quality. The bottom water samples and insect fauna were collected bimonthly using a Niskin sampler and D-frame nets for a period of one year (February 2019 to January 2020). The st

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pthe-protective-role-of-vitamin-c-on-heamatological-wbc-and-hb-alterations-in-commom-carp-during-chronic-toxicity-of-lead-nitratep/ 2023-12-22 2023-12-22 Introduction Heavy metal poisoning of local water bodies has resulted from industrial development in developing and developed countries Metal toxicity in aquatic environments has the ability to cause species cellular damage and to disrupt the ecological balance. Elements having relatively high densities, such arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, are potentially hazardous in relatively small quantities referred to as heavy metal). For a healthy metabolism, the human body requires trace l

..]]> This investigation intended to assess the outcome of haematological factors (WBCs and Hb) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of weight around (80 – 120 g) being exposed to various doses of lead nitrate and the protective role of Vitamin C in response to lead nitrate changes were studied. Chemicals (or elements) known as heavy metals are discharged into the surrounding environment as a consequence of commercial and industrial use as well as leaks from landfills. They are water-soluble but not bio

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/pdesign-and-analysis-of-automated-solar-panel-cleaning-systemp/ 2023-12-22 2023-12-21 IntroductionWith the increasing adoption of renewable energy sources by both industries and residential consumers, photovoltaic solar panels have arisen as a pivotal resolution due to their global feasibility and availability. However, certain drawbacks associated with this technology, particularly concerning post-installation maintenance issues such as dust accumulation, have been identified. The settling of dirt elements on the solar surfaces of panels can steer to significant harm to their in

..]]> The primary focus of this study was the development of a solar panel cleaning machine intended for the maintenance of photovoltaic solar panels after their installation. The study also encompassed detailed analysis of this machine. The accumulation of dust particles on solar panels presents a significant challenge, as it jeopardizes the optimal functionality of these panels. By obstructing crucial sunlight, dust diminishes the panels' electricity production capacity, consequently reducing o

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no3/passessment-of-plants-sensitivity-to-air-pollution-nbspusing-physiological-and-biochemical-parametersp/ 2023-12-21 2023-12-21 IntroductionClean air is essential for the relationship between the environment and public health, but as pollution from many sources is released into the environment, the air quality is deteriorating, which has negative effects on both the climate and human health 1-3. The main causes of air pollution emissions and poor air quality include growing urbanization, rising industrialization, and related anthropogenic activities.  Fine dust particles are&a

..]]> Plants act as a main green belt enhancement component. Green plants create a surface that may absorb air pollutants and act as a sink for them, making greenbelts an efficient method of controlling air pollution. Thus attention is needed to promote and develop green belt zones in polluted areas. The current study is focused on evaluating the air pollution tolerance levels of Mangifera indica, Ficus religiosa, Psidium guajava, Annona squamosa already grown in polluted and unpolluted sites. By ta

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