mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pa-technical-review-on-performance-and-emission-characteristics-of-diesel-engine-fueled-with-straight-vegetable-oilp/ 2023-05-16 2023-05-16 IntroductionEcological concerns, exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves and escalating industrialization and transformation of the world have caused researchers worldwide to come across for substitute from renewable resources. From the present perspective, biofuels such as pure plant oil or straight vegetable oil (SVO) are a commercial alternative that can reduce load of dependency on petroleum fuels. The "SVO" is also called "raw vegetable oil or pure plant oil or neat vegetable oil

..]]> As energy reserves are depleting day by day and the environment is polluted, finding an alternative to fossil fuel has become an essential task for the world community. Green fuel (straight vegetable oil) has been found to be a capable alternative to fossil fuel in many applications. Using unprocessed unblended straight vegetable oils (UUSVOs) as a fuel for diesel engine is advantageous in minimizing the processing time, energy, and cost associated with biodiesel production. However, the higher

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pfrequency-and-intensity-of-cyclonic-systems-in-cordex-rcms-model-environment-under-the-future-emission-scenariosp/ 2023-06-23 2023-06-23 IntroductionTropical Cyclonic Disturbances (TCDs) are one of the most potentially destructive extreme events that result in severe loss in terms of life and property. The assessment of TCDs and their impacts under the changing climate scenarios have become highly important to safeguard the life and resilience in the coastal regions. Since the ancient times, these TCDs have been known as the harbinger of destruction and chaos globally. In recent years it has been noted that, Asian regions have be

..]]> Tropical Cyclonic Disturbances (TCDs) are one of the most extreme meteorological calamities bringing destruction to life and livelihood in the coastal societies across the globe. With the rising concerns of climate change today, addressing the TCDs in future scenarios under the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) in climate models becomes a necessity. The current study investigates the frequency and intensity of these cyclonic systems in future climate over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) which

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pgeospatial-illustration-of-groundwater-potential-zone-in-pandavapura-taluk-of-mandya-district-indiap/ 2023-07-05 2023-07-06 IntroductionWater is an essential component of life and must be provided in adequate amounts to meet the needs of agricultural, domestic, industrial, and the ecosystem. Groundwater is a vital natural asset that is indispensable to human wellbeing and economic growth. Due to its continued availability and superior quality, it is a significant source of supply in various rural and urban areas around the globe1. In a semi-arid region like Pandavapura, groundwater plays a significant role in domesti

..]]> The current research delineates groundwater potentiality in the Pandavapura taluk to facilitate sustainable groundwater management. Multiple data layers were obtained from various sources and weighted using an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Then overlay using the Union tool in Arc GIS 10.8. This process resulted in a classified groundwater potential zone layer, which was classified into five categories. The results of this research were then validated utilizing 10-year pre and post-monso

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/passessment-of-lulc-changes-in-western-himalayan-mountain-landscape-a-case-of-sainj-river-valley-himachal-pradesh-indiap/ 2023-07-13 2023-07-13 IntroductionChanges in man and nature interaction are driven by human aspirations leading to further changes in the land uses/covers. At a global scale, the shift in human dynamics is revealing very significant regional disparities by demonstrating how the population and wealth draw different traces1 showing how the environmental sustainability and landscape modifications across the globe2. According to research, emerging countries such as Sub-Saharan Africa and portions of Asia are experiencing

..]]> Landscape is multifaceted and it is the result of human interactions with their surrounding environment. More than half of the population of the world is dependent on the mountains for their ecosystem services which are now exhibiting signs of human pressure in the form of environment degradation. Himalayan Mountains are also fast succumbing to human greed for land and resources, resulting in the changes in their landscape. In this work we evaluate land use/land cover (LULC) changes in the biodi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pgauging-the-assessment-of-some-anthropogenic-factors-driving-climate-changep/ 2023-07-13 2023-07-13 IntroductionClimate-change primarily encompasses alterations in the climate caused by human activities and/or natural factors, leading to a global-level modification in the composition of the atmosphere. Over a significant time period, a change in climate has been observed to have spatial as well as temporal dependence, influenced not only by natural factors but also anthropogenic activities.1The World Meteorological Organization in 1988, partnering UN Environment Programme, created the Intergov

..]]> Climate-change (CC) is associated with any shifts in weather patterns, whether in space or time, and is largely attributed to enduring human activities. Climate-change is also caused by natural phenomena including dust storms, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions besides meteorites crashing onto the surface of the earth. Rising global temperatures are a significant consequence of climate-change, causing an increase in freak weather phenomena as well as causing damage to biodiversity, ecosystems, p

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pseasonal-reptilian-diversity-at-gautala-reserve-forest-aurangabad-maharashtra-indiap/ 2023-07-13 2023-07-13 IntroductionIn India, there are reported to be 518 species of reptiles, including crocodiles (03), 202 several lizard species, 34 varieties of turtles, and 279 species of snakes. However, (192) species are documented as endemic to the country.1 Reptiles are playing a vital role in ecology. These reptiles show a diverse range of habitat adaptations. They are dispersed in extreme desert conditions as well as in low-temperature areas and they are broadly dispersed across the world. Crocodiles, tort

..]]> Reptiles are playing a vital role in ecology. These reptiles show a diverse range of habitat adaptations. They are dispersed in extreme desert conditions as well as in low-temperature areas and they are broadly dispersed across the world. The occurrence of reptiles is a sign of rich biodiversity and ecology. To assess the distribution of the reptile species in a given area, a reptilian species survey was carried out in the Gautala Reserve Forest, where 15 different spots were selected during the

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pclog-resistant-permeable-pavement-methods-of-performance-measurementp/ 2023-07-20 2023-07-20 IntroductionA properly designed road will ensure effective drainage of rainwater ensuring prolonged service life and effective service to road users1. Such roads allow quick removal of water from pavement surface minimizing loss of bitumen from bituminous roads. Slow removal of water from the bituminous top requires the use of modified bitumen with approximately 15% of polymer dosing or the use of Wetfix Be especially recommended for warmer climates2-3. To achieve effective and low-cost sustaina

..]]> Permeable pavements are considered to be one of the effective measures for LID (i.e. Low Impact Development) and SUDS (i.e. Sustainable Urban Drainage System) globally. The major three types of permeable pavements are (a) pervious concrete (PC), (b) previous asphalt (PA), and (c) permeable interlocked concrete paver (PICP). The performance of all types of permeable is satisfactory at the start of the service life but greatly reduced if not maintained on time. Considering the long lengths of the

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pstudies-on-limnological-parameters-and-their-impact-on-the-distribution-and-diversity-of-zooplankton-in-anchar-lake-kashmirp/ 2023-07-26 2023-07-26 Introduction Water is an essential and basic aspect that is necessary for the growth and existence of every living being on earth and covers nearly 71% of its surface in the form of fresh and marine waters 1. The freshwater available on the earth provides services in many sectors like industries, agriculture, fisheries, and domestic activities 2. Over the past two decades, the deterioration of freshwater quality is speeding up due to various natural and anthropogenic a

..]]> The transfer of energy from producers to consumers, such as fish, fish larvae, and invertebrates, is facilitated by zooplankton. Consequently, zooplankton play a crucial part in the productivity and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and they are also involved in the application of several emerging environmental management concepts, such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), bioindication of pollution, and biomonitoring. To analyse the present condition of the Anchar Lake, this research was

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/phow-to-enhance-circular-agriculture-models-at-micro-level-in-vietnam-a-reviewp/ 2023-08-03 2023-08-03 IntroductionAccording to FAO1, food demand will increases by 50% between 2012 and 2050. Additionally, the demand structure will be changed due to population growth, urbanization, and an increase in income per capita. Nevertheless, the natural resources serving agriculture become increasingly stressed. Thus, improvements in resource-use efficiency and gains in resource conservation should be addressed to meet the growth and changes in food demand as well as to protect the environment. In this con

..]]> Vietnam's agricultural sector has achieved remarkable progress in recent years, ensuring both food security and export turnover for the country. However, the current focus on productivity and output alone is wasteful and detrimental to the environment. To address this, a shift from linear to circular agriculture is advocated, encompassing not only production but also consumption. While circular economy (CE) in agriculture is a new concept in Vietnam, various stakeholders at the micro-level,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pmorphometric-analysis-of-tectonically-active-bhimtal-naukuchiatal-lake-basin-kumaun-himalayap/ 2023-08-25 2023-08-25 IntroductionThroughout the Quaternary Period, active tectonics along thrusts and faults has been reshaping the Himalayan topography, causing geomorphic changes. The evolution and change of varied landscapes in tectonically effective locations are also linked to tectonic elevate, deterioration, rapid erosion, and denudation mechanisms that combine tectonics and climate.1,2,3,4,5,6 Thrusts such as the HFT, MBT, MCT, and analogous secondary thrusts/faults such as RT, SAT, NAT, BT, and THF

..]]> Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal region, which is an integral part of the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, is sensitive to natural disasters and has a fragile environment as a result of neotectonic activity along the thrust and secondary thrust/faults. With regard to neotectonic activity, this study aims to comprehend the tectonic instability of the basin. Morphometric analysis is a computable research of landforms that is crucial to understanding how the landscape has evolved in response to nearby tectonic activity

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pecotourism-a-holistic-assessment-of-environmental-and-socioeconomic-effects-towards-sustainable-developmentp/ 2023-09-07 2023-09-07 IntroductionTourism ranks among the world's fastest-growing industries, witnessing a surge in both local and international travel. Yet, it's imperative to recognize its role in environmental degradation, cultural erosion, and social inequality1-2. This has propelled the rise of sustainable tourism, seeking eco-friendly, socially conscious, and economically viable travel3-4. Ecotourism has emerged as a variant, advocating responsible exploration of natural areas to conserve the environm

..]]> Ecotourism has garnered substantial scholarly and public interest as an environmentally conscious and sustainable variant of tourism with the primary objectives of fostering conservation efforts, facilitating community advancement, and safeguarding cultural heritage. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of ecotourism on sustainable development, specifically focusing on the environment, economy, and society. The results reveal that ecotourism can have both positive and nega

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/perosivity-factor-of-the-revised-universal-soil-loss-equation-rusle-a-systematized-reviewp/ 2023-05-29 2023-05-29 IntroductionOne of the most common challenges seen globally causing soil degradation is soil erosion.1  In agricultural fields, the average rate of soil erosion varies between 0.5-400 t ha-1yr-1,2 According to estimates, of the land getting degraded worldwide, 85% is due to erosion, which lowers production by roughly 17%, affects soil fertility and eventually causes land desertification.3  In addition, the pattern of precipitation and temperature changes affec

..]]> The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is a globally accepted erosion model which has gained good acceptability. Among the five influences of the RUSLE method of soil erosion estimation, the erosivity factor (R) represents rainfall event’s ability to produce erosion. It is mainly affected by rainfall intensity and kinetic energy of the rain. The erosion index represented by EI30 is the most common R-factor estimation method. Due to the non-availability of rainfall intensity data in

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pchallenges-of-distillery-effluent-treatment-and-its-bioremediation-using-microorganism-a-reviewp/ 2023-07-13 2023-07-13 IntroductionBioremediation is the process of biologically degrading potentially harmful substances in the environment. Bioremediation is the naturally occurring phenomenon of biodegradation, which breaks down pollutants and, in some cases, completely oxidizes the chemical. Due to their metabolic variety, which includes the ability to metabolite these pollutants1, microorganisms play a crucial role in the bioremediation and biodegradation processes. Bioremediation2 refers to the transformation of

..]]> Waste management is a global issue with which the entire globe is currently grappling. The composition and characteristics of the pollutants in effluents are unknown, which poses the greatest worry. The Industrial Revolution has captured the attention of environmentalists worldwide. Their concern regarding the lethal effects of untreated industrial effluent wastewater is growing daily. Dealing with a range of hazardous compounds is costly and complicated, which hinders wastewater treatment. Rece

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pecological-footprint-assessment-of-hospitals-in-solan-city-of-himachal-pradesh-indiap/ 2023-07-20 2023-07-20 IntroductionConsumption from human beings of natural resources consisting of water, air, food, and land arises spontaneouslyMan's consumption of natural resources such as water, air, food, and land is a natural process.Humanity depends upon the natural resources of the earth for supporting our lifestyle. Human activities consume resources and produce waste1. Development in living standards lead to population explosions. The population explosions have moved people from rura

..]]> This study was carried out in selected hospitals of Solan Town of Himachal Pradesh to assess the ecological footprint which appraised the load of different components namely electricity, water, food, material, transportation and biomedical waste, imposed by the hospitals on the natural environment. The total ecological footprint of all four selected hospitals of Solan town viz., Regional Hospital, Shiva Hospital, City Hospital and Sai Sanjivni Hospital was found to be 1553.75 gha 100.10 gha, 165

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pevaluation-of-the-drought-trend-alongside-of-change-point-a-study-of-the-purulia-district-in-west-bengal-indiap/ 2023-05-30 2023-05-30 IntroductionDrought is a recurring, naturally occurring climatic phenomenon that cannot be avoided1,2. The nature and intensity of droughts are related to the lack of precipitation, which further leads to the decreasing trends in the soil moisture1-4. Droughts occur in almost all climatic regions with varying intensities and trends 5. Over 4 types of droughts, meteorological drought is the most common and complex in nature6,7. In recent times, researchers from all over the world are mor

..]]> Since the drought is a significant issue in India, therefore, the scientists should pay close attention in order to manage it. Purulia District experienced the drought on numerous occasions in the past ten years, but the accurate and definite conclusions have not arrived yet. Hence, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the 34 years (1979–2014) was utilised in this research together with the change point to evaluate the annual and seasonal drought in the Purulia District. Theil Sen�

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pkinetic-equilibrium-and-thermodynamic-study-for-adsorptive-detoxification-of-pbsup2sup-by-thiocarbamoyl-chitosanp/ 2023-07-31 2023-07-31 IntroductionThe advancement of industrialization and modern civilization in recent decades has seriously and irreparably impaired the global ecosystems1. Due to their persistence in the environment and worrisome accumulation in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, industrial pollutants are particularly detrimental2.The production of steel, leather, plastics, metallurgy, paper, textiles and fabrics, paints, and pigments, electroplating, cement, wood preservatives are kind of industri

..]]> The environmental effect of industrial effluents, including chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) can have harmful impacts, which includes soil, water, and air pollution, bioaccumulation in food chains, degradation of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and contaminated drinking water. Biopolymers such as chitosan have been widely used in wastewater treatment. The ability of thiocarbamoyl chitosan to remove lead ions was assessed by combining thio urea and glutaralde

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pfarmers-awareness-towards-tnau-aas-web-cum-mobile-app-for-western-agro-climatic-zone-acz-of-tamil-nadup/ 2023-07-31 2023-07-31 IntroductionEarly warnings and climate forecasts have a great potential to prevent weather-related losses and damage to agriculture. Due to global warming, it is predicted that farm income will decrease by 15 to 25 percent, and economic losses will get worsen as temperatures rise1. The sensitivity to climate change makes it more difficult to achieve food security and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), primarily because it has a diverse range of effects on the most vulnerable2. Tam

..]]> A survey was conducted in Coimbatore, Western ACZ of Tamil Nadu purposively with 240 farmers using well-structured interview schedule by convenient sampling method to assess the utility behaviour of smart phones. The frequency and percentage analysis was used to analyse the data .Age and education influenced the farmers to know about the appropriate technological interventions in agriculture. Easy access to updated information was higher with smart phones (83 %) and 80 % respondents use mobile a

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pidentification-of-sources-causing-air-pollution-in-indian-cities-using-hierarchical-agglomerative-cluster-analysisp/ 2023-05-30 2023-05-30 IntroductionAccording to scientific studies numerous Indian cities and regions experience poor air quality because of harmful emissions.  Anthropogenic activities, associated with the rise in urbanization and boom in industrialization are the main cause of air pollutant emissions and poor air quality.  The situation in India has been characterised by growing population growth trends and their effects on air quality for the past 20 years. Air pollution significantly increased ca

..]]> The distressing levels of air pollution in India is becoming health hazard to the inhabitants. It's important to note that due to the nation's continued urbanisation and its heavy reliance on coal for electricity generation, air pollution is expected to get worse in some areas of India over the next few decades. Present study aims to address the issue by identifying the sources causing air pollution using Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis [HACA]. Two years daily data (2018

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pmagnetocaloric-effect-in-half-doped-and-self-doped-manganites-a-study-to-green-refrigerationp/ 2023-07-20 2023-07-20 Introduction:The refrigeration sectorshave a significant and growing influence in the global economy, making substantial contributions to areas such as food preservation, healthcare, energy efficiency, and environmental protection, which policymakers need to thoroughly understand and consider.Didier Coulomb et. al reported that therewere approximately 3 billion refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems in operation worldwide, including 1.5 billion domestic refrigerators and almost 1

..]]> Magnetic refrigeration has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly technology due to its high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. It is becoming a strong competitor to traditional gas refrigeration and is often referred to as a green refrigeration technique. This technique utilizes the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) or inverse magnetocaloric effect (IMCE) to achieve a change in temperature after adiabatic demagnetization. Among various magnetocaloric materials, perovskite manganites hav

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/ptrace-metal-contamination-and-associated-health-effects-in-the-shivnath-river-tributariesp/ 2023-07-05 2023-07-06 IntroductionIn 2005 Chhattisgarh became a separate and independent state of India. Presently the state is one of the fastest growing states of India with a gross domestic product (GDP) of 15.8 (Census 2011). Of the total water available on earth, 97% water is saline and not fit for human use and 1% water is fresh water which biotic community uses for their growth and development. In last few decades, worldwide the demand and consumption of fresh water has increased many folds. Pollution of water

..]]> Present study focus on manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and aluminium (Al), trace metals contamination assessment in some tributaries of Shivnath River. To assess the cumulative impact of the studied trace metals on Shivnath River water quality, the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) is calculated. Since the Shivnath River is one of the major rivers of the studied area the impact of the studied trace metals present in river water on human health is evaluated by computing hu

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pwomen-at-the-forefront-of-environmental-conservationp/ 2023-07-20 2023-07-20 Introduction In developing countries, women are predominantly dependent on nature for survival. Women's innate sensitivity to the environment, natural skills for resource management, and structured ecological consciousness make them competent conservationists. Women in the developing world are usually in charge of managing and protecting their families' resources. They spend most of their time maintaining forests, wetlands, and farms and obtaining and storing food, firewood, w

..]]> Environmental degradation and its deterioration are due to the irresponsible use of natural resources. Anthropogenic activities and consumerist lifestyles have disrupted the balance of nature. The environment is threatened by the destruction of ecosystems, the extinction of flora and fauna, and the pollution of the air, water, and soil. Degradation of the environment is a serious global issue. This has led to numerous conflicts in society. As a result, many environmental movements emerged to pro

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pgroundwater-flow-modeling-of-a-microwatershed-using-visual-modflow-flexp/ 2023-05-16 2023-05-16 IntroductionGroundwater is a crucial source that replenishes spontaneously as a result of rainfall and other hydrological processes.1 Nearly all of the earth's subsurface is covered with groundwater. Groundwater is essential for maintaining a healthy ecology, the economy, and human existence.2 Due to its availability and good quality of water; it has become important in all climatic areas. However, with a growing population, increasing industries, and advanced technology in agriculture, mos

..]]> The present study attempts to make a simulation of groundwater flow modeling in Chikkodi micro-watershed Belagavi (District), Karnataka. A two-layer conceptualization and the three-dimensional groundwater flow model are primarily underlain by weathered basalt and fractured basalt. The first layer weathered zone is 30m from the ground surface and the second layer fractured zone is 80m below the ground surface spread over 20 rows and 20 columns. The cell height is 674m and the cell width is 440m.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/ppesticide-soil-pollution-an-overview-about-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-remediation-technologiesp/ 2023-07-13 2023-07-13 IntroductionPesticides are chemicals used to reduce, remove, prevent, or destroy any pest.Insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, molluscicides, nematicides, bactericides, piscicides, rodenticides, avicides, animal repellents, antimicrobials, and soil fumigants are examples of pesticides1. Pest infestation destroys approximately 45% of annual food production2. Pesticide use helps to keep pests away from crops and can improve crop yield and quality1.In modern times, there are more than 500 substanc

..]]> The use of pesticides presents a looming danger to the living elements of our ecological system, crops, and the well-being of our species. As an outcome, various organic contaminants pollute the soil. Different physical, chemical, and biological remediation techniques have been employed for the decontamination of pesticide-polluted soils. Remediation technology should always be affordable, on-site or in-situ, and capable of restoring the soil's natural functionality. The presence of multipl

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/passessment-of-spatial-variability-mapping-of-soil-properties-and-its-impacts-on-agricultural-productivity-using-gis-approach-in-siliguri-sub-division-west-bengal-indiap/ 2023-07-05 2023-07-06 IntroductionOne of the most important elements of land is the soil. Soil is the foundation of agriculture and the majority of food-producing plants grow in this environment as well1. Healthy soils provide healthy crops which nourish people and animals2. Food quality and quantity are, in fact, directly correlated with soil quality3.Therefore there is an urgent requirement of a better sustainable development of soil and land resource planning. Evaluation of spatial variation of soil featu

..]]> Soil surveying and mapping are extremely important in order to comprehend the characteristics of soil and what applications there are in agriculture, irrigation, urbanisation, and other land uses purposes. A major hindrance to the maximum production of the land is soil degradation brought on by inappropriate land management techniques. Geographical variability mapping of soil parameters is necessary for the agricultural productivity, food safety and environmental modelling. This research was don

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/passessment-of-urban-wastelands-using-gis-and-iot-as-tools-for-spatial-data-analysis-nbspp/ 2023-07-05 2023-07-06 IntroductionKim G. and his colleagues in the year 2018, defined vacant and abandoned land parcels as wastelands1. Land degradation which could be temporary or permanent has been caused due to various physical, chemical, biological, and social factors. The data is updated by the Department of National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad (NRSA) once in ten years to plan essential management programs for reviving the degraded land by the Government of India to mitigate and make them productive land us

..]]> Large urban development around cities often results in vacant, abandoned or unproductive land parcels, sometimes called ‘wastelands’. There are various types of urban vacant land identified as post-industrial, derelict, land without any vegetation and left unattended, natural, and transportation-related vacant lands. The traditional way of collecting the data to study and manage such massive wastelands is hugely time consuming. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote sensing applic

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pbiosorption-of-corafix-yellow-gd3r-using-halimeda-gracilis-and-its-toxicological-assessmentsp/ 2023-09-05 2023-09-05 IntroductionWater is a vital and indispensable requisite for all living organisms because it play a noteworthy role in determining its capability for domestic, agriculture and industrial activities and also accessibility to clean water supply should be available always. Without adequate treatment millions of contaminants are released into water bodies as a results of urbanization, industrial revolution and expanding population which thereby pose water scarcity and pollution to become a major pro

..]]> The elimination of CYGDR3 with H. gracilis was performed under in vitro conditions. Optimization of process variables affecting the adsorption capacity of CYGD3R including dye concentrations, biosorbent concentrations, pH, incubation time and temperature were performed to assess the well suited optimal conditions for the extreme removal of dye. By calculating the kinetics and thermodynamics, the mechanism and feasibility of adsorption process was evaluated. The elution of the dye from the bios

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/plong-term-assessment-of-precipitation-behaviour-in-bihar-1901-2021-patterns-trends-and-observed-variabilityp/ 2023-09-05 2023-09-05  Introduction Rainfall is an important hydrometeorological variable that governs the hydrological balance between land-ocean-atmosphere system.1 Long-term changes in total annual rainfall amount directly affects the availability of surface water, groundwater potential, moisture retention capacity of soil. It also indirectly affects the important sector activities like agriculture and domestic-urban uses. Many studies identified noticeable changes in trends, magnitude and direct

..]]> Rainfall is an important variable that governs the climate and hydrological conditions of any region. During the past century, an increase in global emissions of greenhouse gases has caused changes in the patterns of hydro-meteorological conditions across the world. It has resulted in changed patterns and trends of rainfall, causing episodic occurrences of droughts and floods. This increasing variability of rainfall has triggered and intensified extreme events that pose potential future risks u

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/passessment-of-trace-element-concentrations-in-groundwater-sources-of-a-rural-village-in-kerala-indiap/ 2023-09-05 2023-09-05 IntroductionWater is an essential part of all living organisms. For a number of reasons, mankind needs access to a reliable source of groundwater1. In India, groundwater is a crucial natural resource for irrigation and drinking. Both urban and rural regions mostly rely on groundwater as their source of drinking water. India is already experiencing the effects of the impending global freshwater crisis in terms of water quantity and quality. The use of groundwater has expanded along with the popul

..]]> Water is an essential part of all living organisms. India is already experiencing the effects of the impending global freshwater crisis in terms of water quantity and quality. The study, which was carried out in a rural village (Villiappally Gramapanchayath) in Kerala, sought to quantify the level of trace elements in the ground water and to determine how they affected the quality of the water suitable for human use. Twenty-two public wells that are used by the residents for their everyday needs

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pair-quality-implications-of-fast-growing-livestock-and-compost-farming-need-for-bioaerosols-monitoring-networksp/ 2023-09-01 2023-09-01 EditorialSmall airborne particles ranging from 0.02-100 µm in size having biological origin are referred as bioaerosols. These include fungi, bacteria, pollens, spores, algae, protozoa and viruses, lichen and mycotoxins1. Derived from plants and animals, these living or dead micro particles can be transported by air to a larger distance affecting air quality2. We get infected through inhalation. One interesting example of transmission through air inhalation is SARS COV-2 virus3-5. Some

..]]> Editorial

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pmultitemporal-analysis-of-land-usecover-changes-and-landscape-fragmentation-in-murshidabad-district-of-west-bengal-indiap/ 2023-08-30 2023-08-30 IntroductionEarth is a dynamic body, change is the nature of the earth, but this change is triggered by human actions over the earth's surface1. Land use and land cover (LULC) are two terms that echo different meanings. Land use denotes to man's activity, various uses, and management of land and its resources. In contrast, land cover refers to a bio-physical covering over the earth's surface, which includes water, vegetation, soil, bare rock, and artificial structures, among other

..]]> Rapid population growth, human migration, and commercial activities are changing land use and Land cover at a faster rate. The human being's need and greed to sustain themselves alter the earth's natural environment, and that change affected us. However, poor and unmanageable land conversion led to severe environmental effects. For planning and management purposes, precise information regarding land use and its characteristics is required to ensure the sustainability of the area. The c

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pdesign-and-development-of-user-friendly-vertical-aquaponics-set-up-for-ornamental-fish-and-plantsp/ 2023-08-29 2023-08-29 IntroductionAquaponics is the integration of aquaculture and hydroponics into one production system. The only input in aquaponics is the food introduced for fish, which is biologically converted and released to the rearing media as nitrate and nitrites. As ammonia-rich urine and faecal matter itself, can be toxic to plants and fish, the nitrified solution from the biofilter acts as a nutrient for the plants in the system 1. This makes this technology sustainable and very efficient in the conserv

..]]> One vertical aquaponics unit following the principle of Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) has been designed and developed at ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar centre of All India Coordinated Research Project on Plasticulture Engineering in Agriculture Structures and Environment Management (AICRP on PEASEM). The developed unit is constructed using three major components, viz., fish tank/ aquarium tank (0.127 m3), vertical hydroponic pipe (Ø0.16×1.5 m) and the water distr

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pvariation-in-phenology-of-banj-oak-quercus-leucotrichophora-tree-across-different-elevations-in-the-kumaun-himalayas-indiap/ 2023-08-28 2023-08-28 IntroductionThe Himalayan region is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of global warming and climate change, posing a significant threat to its forest ecosystem. Phenological plant events serve as an effective indicators of climatic variations.1 The growing demand for indicators on climate change impacts, coupled with the distinct rise in air temperature across numerous northern hemisphere regions since the late 1980s, has led to an increasing interest in phenological data.2 Phenology

..]]> Changes in phenological events have been caused by the present phenomenon of climate change. The elevation is another important factor which leads to the variations in phenological events. The Banj Oak plays holds a vital position as a keystone species in the moist temperate forests of the Central Himalayas, and contribute to human well-being by providing essential benefits such as biodiversity conservation, maintenance of soil organic matter, and the ability to retain water. Thus, this study ai

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pperformance-evaluation-of-photovoltaic-thermal-collector-pvt-by-cooling-using-nano-fluid-in-the-climate-condiation-of-nbspindiap/ 2023-08-21 2023-08-21 Introduction Nowadays, energy is an essential part of many businesses. For almost all industries, fossil fuels have been the primary energy source, but because of their depletion and environmental hazards, developing countries have developed other strategies for supplying energy. One innovative renewable energy source that is receiving attention is solar energy, which can generate both electrical and thermal energy. Solar energy given that solar energy reserves are limitless. Its use is

..]]> The hybrid PVT collector is built to deliver simultaneously using heat energy and electrical current. The overall efficiency increases with increased heat removal, lowering the cell temperature. The current study investigates the effect on heat removal rate using copper nanoparticles dissipated in volume fractions of 2% and 3% with pure water. Using mathematical modeling is constructed from the heat balance equation in different components of the PVT collector. It is found that as the volume con

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pinvestigations-on-alkali-treated-modified-fibers-of-desert-plant-prosopis-juliflorap/ 2023-08-14 2023-08-14 Introduction In current scenario, most of the research has been found in material science field. Researcher and scientist are getting a rapid attention towards making biodegradable composite materials reinforced with natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers which causes environment pollution. NFCs can found many applications in the field of aerospace, marine, building construction, home appliances due to the properties like low cost, easily fabrication, high specific strength and good

..]]> The development of natural fiber reinforced composite material is increasing at very fast rate due to their eco-friendly and biodegradable nature. NFCs natural fiber reinforced composites have various properties such as low cost, low density, recyclability, renewability and good physical and mechanical strength. NFCs have wide range of applications such as in automobile, sports, aerospace, marine, home appliances and in building construction. In this paper we used prosopis juliflora desert plan

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pefficacy-of-seed-priming-technique-on-seed-germination-and-plant-growth-under-salt-stress-in-oryza-sativap/ 2023-08-14 2023-08-14 IntroductionPlant productivity is known to be severely compromised by soil salinity1. Around 190 million hectares of irrigated land have already been lost to salt and are no longer suitable for farming, according to a report by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services2. India faces a similar issue with soil salinity affecting major agricultural states like Gujarat (2.23 M ha), Uttar Pradesh (1.37 M ha), Maharashtra (0.16 M ha), West Bengal (0.44 M ha)

..]]> Salinity stress limits agricultural productivity by adversely affecting seed germination and seedling growth. It negatively impacts essential metabolic processes by imposing osmotic and oxidative stress due to ion toxicity. Seed priming is an innovative approach that can ensure seed germination and seedling establishment for ameliorating salinity stress in plants. In this study, response of two popular rice cultivars, PB 1121 and PB 1718 to various priming treatments was evaluated under salt str

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no2/pan-investigation-on-physico-chemical-parameters-of-ground-water-near-mining-areas-of-kadapa-district-a-p-indiap/ 2023-08-07 2023-08-07 IntroductionThe process of mining affects and deteriorates the environment in different ways. It harms the most water course. The main sources of water contamination are drainage of mine water, water from spoil heaps, and leaking or flow of mineral exposed water to the surface or to nearby located aquifer systems and surface water bodies. Availability of clean water is decreasing day by day due to the pollution of water and over population1. The physical-chemical properties of water are very muc

..]]> Due to the tremendous increases in population, industrialization, and human activity, water is highly polluted with various harmful elements. The good quality availability of water for human consumption is very important for preventing waterborne diseases and improving the quality of life. This work presents the study of the physico- chemical properties of water samples collected in and around the mining areas. Some of the parameters like EC, TDS, Total hardness, magnesium, sodium, and iron cont

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