mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/passessment-of-relationship-between-meteorological-parameters-and-air-quality-index-of-kota-rajasthan-indiap/ 2023-02-03 2023-02-03 IntroductionThe presence of air pollutants in the ambient air is a versatile global issue in metropolitan areas due to its adverse effects on the environment and humans1,2. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), Ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) are the primary air pollutants that originated through anthropogenic activities3–5. These pollutants coexist in the gaseous medium, the atmosphere, with a greater affinity for interacting with each other and

..]]> Meteorological parameters extremely influence the air quality of metropolitan cities worldwide. This study analyses the impact of meteorological variables on the quality of air for the Kota metropolis of Rajasthan (India) from 2018 to 2021 for four years. Wind speed and direction, relative humidity, precipitation, and temperature are the meteorological parameters selected to statistically determine the effect of meteorological variables on the AQI (air quality index). The AQIs are evaluated thro

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pa-study-on-indian-painted-frog-with-particular-reference-to-its-declination-in-pachikapallam-andhra-pradesh-indiap/ 2023-03-14 2023-03-14 IntroductionAmphibians are the first tetrapods emerged between 340-370 million years ago, which connects between land ecosystem and water ecosystem. these amphibians are the main link between fishes and the reptiles playing an important role as both prey and predator in food chain. The amphibians are serving us by reducing pests in the crop fields or by checking the population of insects which act as vector for many diseases. Amphibians, a unique group of vertebrates containing over 7,000 known

..]]> Amphibians are the most interesting creatures which link aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by connecting their life cycle. These amphibian populations are declining at fast rate, which may affect the ecosystems in long run, hence studying them is important. This study is aimed to observe the Indian painted frog, Kaloula taprobanica Parker Synonym of Uperodon taprobanicus (Parker, 1934) which is listed as “Least concern” by IUCN. In this scenario, we had analyzed its threats for its decli

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pthe-novel-approach-of-oil-separator-from-sea-water-to-prevent-pollution-in-oceanp/ 2023-03-23 2023-03-23 Introduction  Around 300 billion gallons of oil are used globally each day. It has several applications. To create medicines, polymers, and fuel for power. Oil might leak when being transported from one location to another. Accidental spills from tankers are the sort of spill that is most frequently seen. There was an estimated 11 million gallons (37,000 tonnes) of oil leaked into the ocean as a result of the widely reported 1989 Exxon Valdez tragedy. That is the same as 125 Olympic-si

..]]> Ocean pollution is the major concern among all types of pollution. Oil floats on water and moves over aluminium discs considerably more slowly than water does throughout work because oil has a higher viscosity than water. This makes it easier to separate the water and oil. The objective of the present study is to design and develop the oil separator model in order to prevent pollution in ocean. The viscosity difference is the basic inspiration for this research. Oil floats on the surface because

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/penvironment-and-health-impact-of-solid-waste-management-in-developing-countries-a-reviewp/ 2023-04-10 2023-04-10 IntroductionMunicipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a prime issue worldwide.1 MSWM is associated with challenges of increasing generation rates, poor disposal methods and environmental consequences.2 These challenges are, however, more prominent in developing countries due to inadequate funds, obsolete technology and lack of institutional setups.3 There are various aspects of MSWM ranging from goals, practices, strategies, control, regulation and monitoring of the production, financial aspect

..]]> The subject of Solid Waste Management has attained global attention over recent years. This issue is observed to be more prominent in developing countries than in developed countries due to inadequate funds and resources. Solid waste generation, segregation practices, storage facilities, collection frequencies and disposal methods are evidenced to be unsustainable in developing countries. Uncontrolled dumping and open burning are common scenarios in these countries. Open dumping and burning of w

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/palteration-in-the-antioxidant-enzymes-activities-as-potential-biomarkers-for-identification-of-stress-caused-by-afidopyropen-intoxication-in-cyprinus-carpiop/ 2023-01-16 2023-01-16 IntroductionNowadays agrochemical market is a flamboyant field for pharmaceuticals and chemicals, which consists of natural products and semi-synthetic products from natural sources and their derivatives that are derived from plants and microbes1,2,3. This is because it has an increasing demand for pest management products to ensure sustainable use by promoting efforts in the discovery and development of new chemicals which are made of living things1. We can see Wide production and extensive use

..]]> This study comparatively investigated the afidopyropen-induced oxidative stress in the fish Cyprinus carpio which is mainly focused on some biochemical parameters such as SOD, CAT, GPx, LPO, ALT, ALP, and GGT activities. Fishes were exposed to different durations (1, 10, 20, and 30 days) in a semi-static method at a sub-lethal concentration of LC50 value. Results show that the duration elicited higher levels of LPO, ALT, and ALP. The LPO levels in the blood were higher in 30 days of exposed fish

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/ptree-diversity-in-the-shola-forests-of-brahmagiri-wildlife-sanctuary-karnataka-indiap/ 2023-03-27 2023-03-27 IntroductionThe Western Ghats are classified as one of the eight hottest hotspots globally and are famous for their unique habitats and forest types along with their endemic biological diversity. It has faced great anthropogenic pressure in recent years owing to deforestation and degradation1.From river Tapti in the north, to Kanyakumari in the south, these hill ranges run the length of India's west coast. Despite occupying an area of 180,000 km2 and making up 6% of India's total land

..]]> Tree species composition and structure of the shola forest ecosystem were studied through 25 random quadrats of size 20 m × 20 m across the Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India. Sixty-five tree species (47 genera and 35 families) were enumerated with a stand density of 1507 (?1 cm DBH) trees in 1 ha area. The Shannon’s, Simpson and Fisher’s alpha diversity indices were 3.654, 0.960 and 15.471 respectively for the area studied. The basal area of trees inventoried was 31.19 m2 ha-1

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pthe-impact-of-fast-fashion-on-marine-plastic-pollutionp/ 2023-03-16 2023-03-16 IntroductionWhile it is well known that social behavior intervention helps to alleviate environmental problems,1 the negative effect of poor behaviors on pollution is less studied. Due to the rise of internet use and online shopping over the past few years, it has become more convenient to buy merchandise. Especially due to mandatory stay-at-home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic,2 many people turned to pastimes such as online shopping to fill their free time and cope with the difficultie

..]]> While widespread internet use has increased the convenience of shopping, it has also changed the shopping behavior of the public. Fast fashion is a term used to describe the mass production of cheap, trendy clothing that is designed to be worn for a short time and then disposed of. A fashion trend cycle is the period during which a trend circulates and retains popularity. In this paper, we aim to provide an overview of the phenomenon of fast fashion and its negative effect on waterways. We descr

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/passessment-of-contamination-potential-in-okhla-landfill-new-delhi-by-using-leachate-pollution-indexnbspp/ 2023-03-02 2023-03-02 IntroductionLandfilling is considered the least preferred step in the integrated waste management hierarchy. In many developing countries, solid waste has directly dumped in landfill. Municipal solid waste landfills are the main sources of various broad ranges of environmental pollutants 1. In developing countries uncontrolled dumping of waste in active landfills because of it a toxic liquid called leachate generates as a product of the degradation of solid waste. Because of the lack of baseline

..]]> Landfill leachate generation from a landfill site is one of the main problems for both developed and developing countries around the world. Leachates liberated from the site contain various organic, inorganic, heavy metals, and sometimes hazardous chemical and organic pollutants, which are the origin of the deterioration of air and water quality in its vicinity. The present attempt was performed to assess seasonal variation of the leachate quality, and also determine three sub-indices of leachat

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pmarkov-chain-rainfall-probability-model-and-rainy-season-length-in-kendrapara-district-odisha-for-efficient-crop-management-strategiesp/ 2023-01-18 2023-01-18 IntroductionRainfed agriculture has a prominent role in India’s agriculture and economy. Globally, India has the largest cultivable area under rainfed condition to the tune of 71.1 M ha and value of produce out of rainfed ecosystem 1, 2. The study area of the present investigation is the Kendrapara district of Odisha state where more than 70% of farmers are dependent on agriculture and allied activities. Venkateswarlu and Prasad 3 opined that the rainfed agro-ecosyst

..]]> Systematic information on rainfall patterns and distribution is essential for crop selection, adopting improved agronomic practices, designing rainwater harvesting structures, and conserving rainwater. This study analyzed the probabilities of rainfall occurrence to know the rainfall onset, withdrawal, and rainy season length for different blocks of Kendrapara district, Odisha. The rainfall analysis showed that the kharif season shares 75-78% of annual rainfall with July and August being the wett

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pstudies-on-biodegradation-of-acetaminophen-by-bacillus-subtilis-subsp-subtilis-ncib-3610tp/ 2023-03-27 2023-03-27 Introduction The presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in the aquatic environment has become a subject of emerging concern1. The pharmaceuticals contaminants comprising drugs, heavy metals, dyes, and personal care products have been considered emerging environmental contaminants due to their occurrence in water bodies2,3. Now, many of these compounds are perceived worldwide ranging from ng/L to ?g/L but due to their biologically active potential, it could affect the ecosystem

..]]> Acetaminophen (paracetamol) has been classified as one of the emerging organic pollutants due to its entrance into the water bodies. Removal of pharma micropollutants using microorganisms or synthetic systems from the environment is desirable. In this study, acetaminophen degrading microorganism was isolated from Pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. Identification of the isolate was carried out using morphological, biochemical, and 16s rRNA sequencing. Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis NCIB 361

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pexperimental-studies-on-the-removal-of-chromium-from-tannery-wastewater-using-chemical-precipitation-and-adsorption-techniquesp/ 2023-01-16 2023-01-16 IntroductionChromium (Cr) is predominantly present in hexavalent (Cr+6) and trivalent forms (Cr+3)1,2. Chromium finds its importance in several industries like steel manufacturing, alloy production, leather tanneries, industrial catalysts and pigments manufacturing, plating, and glass treatment because of its resistance to corrosion and its hardness 3–5. Out of the two predominant states of chromium, the +6 state is hazardous and the +3 state is essential for human beings to some extent. It ha

..]]> Despite trivalent chromium’s manifold functionalities in industrial manufacturing processes, when it is improperly treated and disposed to the environment, due to external environmental factors it could get converted to hexavalent chromium that has toxic effects on humans and our environment. Hence, there is a stringent need to optimize the current industrial practices of chromium handling, management, and disposal. This paper puts forth the inferences from comparative studies conducted using

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/passessment-of-future-climate-and-kharif-paddy-yields-using-ceres-rice-in-the-state-of-andhra-pradeshp/ 2023-03-02 2023-02-23 IntroductionRice is produced over 43.86 million hectares in India, the most significant area of any rice-growing country, with a paddy production of 157.2 million tonnes. The net irrigated area in India is 66.1 million hectares (2012–13). Only 25.12 million hectares of irrigated rice, accounting for 58 percent of the total rice acreage of 42.75 million hectares.1 Rice production in the kharif season was 4.94 million tonnes, with a mean yield of 3.35 t/ha. At the same time, the total c

..]]> Climate change considerably impacts water needs for agricultural production, particularly in paddy crops (Oryza Sativa). The paddy crop response is uncertain and also heterogeneous due to climate change. Climate variables rainfall and temperature directly impact crop productivity. A precise understanding of crop yields is required for agricultural production management to plan sustainable food demand in the future at the state level. The climate change scenario's impact on rice yield at 0.2

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pdye-degradation-comparison-studies-of-methylene-blue-and-methyl-orange-by-synthesized-zn-doped-fibrous-wollastonitep/ 2023-02-06 2023-02-06 IntroductionAquatic pollution, in one form or another, is one of the greatest warning threats to our ecosystem. In comparison to pollutants like metal ions, dyes, and sprays of insecticide, dye pollution causes the most harm to the ecosystem.1 It has also been reported in a scathing review of textile wastewater.2 Because of its benefits, including high efficacy, cheap cost, simplicity of design, and non-generation of harmful compounds, the adsorption process has been used successfully t

..]]> In this study, Zn-doped calcium silicate (Zn-WO) materials were successfully synthesized. As precursors, Ca (OH)2, SiO2, and ZnO were utilized, then the hydrothermal experiment was conducted for 6 hours at 1050°C. In this work, the behavior of two groups of raw materials exposed to isobaric and different temperature circumstances is described. The synthesized sample was examined using XRD, SEM, EDAX, Raman, BET, and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques to understand the adsorbent's physicochemi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pimpact-of-coal-mining-on-the-tzuong-river-system-of-mokokchung-nagalandp/ 2023-03-02 2023-03-02 IntroductionCoal mining contributes significantly to a country's economic development, although it greatly impacts human health and the environment. A vast area of farmland, mountains, and forests are cleared to make way for coal mines which is of great concern. The long-term and continuous mining of coal can have serious impact on the natural environment, including contamination of the soil, land subsidence, and deterioration of stream ecosystems.1-3 Furthermore, the disp

..]]> The Changki valley area is traditionally regarded as the rice bowl region providing the supply of stable food to a large population of the Ao Naga tribe dwelling in the foothill regions of Nagaland, India. Rampant and unscientific coal mining in and around the Changkikong range has painted a grim future for the area due to severe environmental degradation. Mine tailings and the lack of treatment or mitigation measures have led to the spread of acid mine drainage (AMD) in nature and are the prima

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pimpediments-and-plausible-suggestions-to-farmers-in-cyclone-affected-region-of-odisha-kendalls-coefficient-of-concordance-approachp/ 2023-02-01 2023-02-01 IntroductionGlobal population is exposed to frequent and intensive hazards, viz., cyclones, drought, floods, heat waves, melting glaciers, and increasing sea levels due to climate change and human interventions. Among all the hazards, cyclone is one of the most frequent and leading natural hazards worldwide that causes massive causalities. The unique geographical setting of the country, along with climate, topography, and populace add to its risk and vulnerability to disasters like cyclones and

..]]> Taking into account the farmer's perception of impediments, this study examined the impediments encountered in cyclone ravaged regions as well as their plausible suggestions. Odisha is one of the top 10 ranked climatic vulnerable state of India. 480 km of coastal boundary is exposed to Bay of Bengal and 06 coastal districts are highly vulnerable towards climatic events. As Odisha has an agrarian economy, farmers are severely affected by cyclones. So, the state was purposively selected for t

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pstatus-of-ambient-air-pollution-in-different-states-of-india-during-1990-2015p/ 2023-03-23 2023-03-23 IntroductionPollution in the air is among the most significant factors that can damage human health. Environmental science places a significant emphasis on researching the connection between poor air quality and the development of respiratory conditions 3. In cities all around the world, hospitalizations for respiratory diseases have been linked to air pollution as a potential contributing factor 1 - 7. The connections involving PM and tropospheric ozone have been determined to be the most preva

..]]> Industrial activity, high vehicle density, and expanding industrial and domestic heating are all contributing to air pollution, which is becoming an increasingly severe issue across the globe as urban population and human activity soar. This is especially true in major cities, where emissions from vehicles on the road expose a substantial portion of the population to harmful levels of air pollution. This research paper focuses on which states or locations of India suffered from ambient

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pheat-stress-vulnerability-of-populations-and-role-of-urban-heat-islandp/ 2023-03-02 2023-03-02 IntroductionAn estimated 600 million people (40 percent) will live in urban areas in India by 2031, and 850 million people (50 percent) will do so by 2051.1. This urbanization trend for the last years has brought challenges like an unprecedented demand for affordable housing, urban infrastructure, jobs, and essential services, including health services. The ever-increasing demand for urban land is mainly met by sacrificing the natural rural or peri-urban areas. This results in transforming natur

..]]> A city's ecology and energy use can be affected by an urban heat island (UHI). However, its role in exacerbating populations' heat stress has been extensively studied. This study reviewed and summarized the literature on the UHI, its causes, and its effects. After that, the characteristics of population heat stress vulnerability are examined. The results of studies on UHI, its health effects, and potential mitigation tactics in existing settlements show the necessity of examining vario

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pgeographic-information-system-based-analysis-of-fish-diversity-trends-of-river-meenachil-southern-western-ghats-keralap/ 2023-03-14 2023-03-14 IntroductionGradual changes in fish community composition along the linear gradient of a river from upstream to downstream are better predicted by the longitudinal zonation hypothesis1. Tropical and temperate rivers usually exhibit a fairly homogenous river zonation pattern with upstream rithral areas of low species diversity followed by transitional areas with comparatively high diversity and downstream potamal areas with maximum species richness and abundance.2 Reference 3 mentions the anthrop

..]]> In this study, the fish fauna of different geographical zones of Meenachil River was investigated using the spatial interpolation techniques of the Geographical Information System. The variations in fish diversity trends during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons from 2016 to 2020 along the longitudinal gradient of the Meenachil River were determined using the Kriging interpolation method and semivariograms. Sixty-seven fish species belonging to 15 orders, 29 families, and 46 gene

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/ppost-occupancy-evaluation-of-indoor-air-quality-in-green-rated-commercial-interiorsp/ 2023-02-27 2023-02-23 IntroductionThe nature of air within a space determines the air quality inside and is linked to the health, wellbeing, and comfort of the occupants1. Pollutant concentration within the standard limits renders the air quality as acceptable. Since we spend over 90% of our time inside, maintaining excellent indoor air quality is crucial2. Building characteristics like its design, construction, operation, and maintenance play a role in the building’s energy consumption as well as its indoor air qu

..]]> Good indoor air quality is crucial for the health, happiness, and satisfaction of the occupants. Since we spend so much time indoors, it is essential to maintain a reasonable level of indoor air quality. One of the elements contributing to the decline in indoor air quality was the interior materials. Having acknowledged this, green building rating systems have incorporated the use of low-emitting materials as a credit that may be gained. A system for assessing commercial interiors with a focus o

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pa-case-study-of-carbon-sequestration-by-sacred-groves-of-mundra-taluka-kachchh-district-gujaratp/ 2023-01-11 2023-01-11 IntroductionThe daily anthropogenic advancements of humans have led to an increase in global carbon emissions. In the modern world, Industrialization and Urbanization will lead to a continuous increase in air pollution and the earth's average temperature. According to studies, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere is increasing by about 2,600,000 kg every year1. India has the second-highest population after China and is the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, accounting for around 5

..]]> Sacred groves are those forest patches that are connected with the religious and traditional values and beliefs of local people. Plants which are grown near the grove are called sacred plants. Sacred groves include several endemic, endangered and ecologically important plant species. In other words, sacred groves are natural conservation units for biodiversity. Sacred groves and sacred plants are protected and conserved due to the strong religious and mythological beliefs of local people. Their

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pforest-dependent-communities-and-forest-degradation-in-thiruvananthapuram-south-indiap/ 2023-03-23 2023-03-23 IntroductionThe forest resource extraction and forest conservation has been two contrasting but the most discussing topic of late. The direct and indirect benefits of forests as life supporting system have made it  an invaluable natural resources. However, we live in an period of accelerated ecosystem deterioration, increasing the need for ensuring global participation in guarding forest ecosystems.1 Apart from climate change and associated problems, the anthropogenic activities have di

..]]> The concept of forest resource extraction versus forest conservation has been a relevant topic of discussion at present. Anthropogenic activities have direct and indirect impacts on forest ecosystem. These impacts varies with the extend of human interaction with the forest as well as the culture of those people rely on forests. The term “forest-dependent people” refer to those who utilise direct benefits of forests. It includes the indigenous communities living legally within the forests a

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pbiofuel-energy-option-and-future-food-security-threatsnbspp/ 2023-04-26 2023-04-26 At present, the coal and petroleum are the major global energy sources. Crude petroleum accounts for about 0.045% of global trade1. According to data, Saudi Arabia is the top crude exporter representing around 15% of global oil export.  India is one of the major importers of crude oil. Around 80% of petroleum energy demand is fulfilled by import of crude oil. In 2021, India had $93.5 billion import of crude oil. In order to cater energy demand of, India needs to look into the f

..]]> Editorial

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pimpact-of-climate-change-on-gravity-flow-drinking-water-resource-in-the-upper-kosi-watershed-lesser-himalayap/ 2023-04-19 2023-04-19 IntroductionWater is an invaluable, renewable and finite natural resource on the planet Earth. It supports all forms of life and without water resources, life is impossible on the Earth because every living thing uses water to sustain life.1 The whole ecosystem of the Earth is controlled and regulated by the water cycle.2 At present, anthropogenically accelerated climate change has perturbed badly the hydrological system of the Himalayan region which is intensifying the water crisis. A change in

..]]> In the age of climate change, the hydrological cycle is the most sensitive cycle which is being adversely affected. The natural water sources such as natural springs, rivulets, rivers etc of non-glacial fed watershed in Uttarakhand are drying and dying steadily disturbing society’s economy, and environment and creating threat on livelihood and ecosystem of the region. The basic goal of the current paper is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the gravity flow drinking water resource of

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pclimate-change-and-agriculture-in-a-coastal-region-a-case-study-of-betel-leaf-cultivation-in-sagar-island-kakdwip-south-24-parganasp/ 2023-04-18 2023-04-18 IntroductionClimate change and its impacts are recognized as major global issue 1–9 not only among contemporary academicians and policy makers, but also among the common man. It was perceived and recorded conceptually by the intellectuals, scientists and academicians at first. This conceptual frame work was then tested and verified empirically on the basis of the analysis of long term rainfall and temperature data from various parts of the world 10–13. Predictions regarding

..]]> Agriculture is a function of temperature and precipitation. Any change in these parameters, above and below the threshold value, will affect photosynthesis and transpiration in the crops, leading to an overall negative impact on agriculture, threatening global food security. Underdeveloped and developing worlds are most likely to be affected due to this situation because more than 80% of the population in this area is economically dependent on agriculture. With this background in mind, the prese

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/prole-of-panchayati-raj-institution-in-eradication-of-poverty-a-case-study-from-kamrup-district-assam-indiap/ 2023-04-13 2023-04-13 IntroductionEnvironment refers to the surrounding conditions including both living and non-living things. The rapid anthropogenic activities increasingly degrade the quality of environment in the recent times.  The environmental experts, governmental authorities, NGO’s and educational institutions involved in the matter of conservation of environment has already come forward to think over the issue relating to environmental degradation and introduced various policies.  Howeve

..]]> In order to build a more flourishing, identical and secure world by 2030 Seventeen Global Goals has been put forwarded by the United Nations in the year 2015. Among these 17 goals one of the goals is focused on poverty eradication from global society. This is very crucial for society as various socio-economic problems are directly or indirectly linked up with this social phenomenon. In the particular case of India, during the last two decades, the national authorities have implemented several

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/ptree-structure-analysis-biomass-and-carbon-stock-of-sal-forests-in-central-himalayan-regionp/ 2023-04-13 2023-04-13 IntroductionForest plays a significant role in biomass production and carbon sequestration. Apart from these, they supply a wide range of goods and services including timber, fuelwood and fodder. Forests are foundation of biodiversity and also mitigate the climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide in atmosphere. Present study of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn f.) forests covered a large area in foothills of Shiwalik in Kumaun region of Central Himalaya. Recent growing anthropog

..]]> Present study deals with density, species diversity, basal area, IVI, biomass and carbon stock in Sal forests. The study was conducted in three Sal forest sites around Champawat at Tanakpur. Among the fifteen tree species, total density of trees varied between 290-690 ind. ha-1 in all studied forest. The basal area of trees in forests was 50.92 to 78.84 m2 ha-1. Tree species diversity of Sal forests varied from 1.07-2.11. Biomass and carbon stock of trees ranged from 473.3 to 786.8 tha-1 and 224

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pevaluation-of-health-risk-and-heavy-metal-pollution-status-in-the-bhima-river-water-kalaburagi-karnataka-indiap/ 2023-04-10 2023-04-10 IntroductionWater is a fundamentally occurring substance that is essential for all living creatures to live and also serves as a life supporter, accounting for 70–90% of all living cells.1 Natural freshwater layers like rivers, lakes, and wetlands are the chief water supply sources for meeting the regular needs of water required by households, agriculture, and industries.2,3 It is a universal solvent and has been widely consumed by all living creatures. So, it’s often turned out to be a sour

..]]> The current investigation aimed to examine the present status of pollution in the Bhima River using indices (degree of contamination, heavy metal evaluation index, & heavy metal pollution index) and health risk assessment (non-carcinogenic & carcinogenic) by choosing some heavy metals like copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), & zinc (Zn). Eight samples of surface water were collected monthly from October 2021 to September 2022 and analyzed

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pexploration-of-nano-material-and-thin-film-technologies-for-wastewater-analysis-an-overviewnbspp/ 2023-04-10 2023-04-10 IntroductionThe treatment of wastewater is critical for protecting public health and the environment, as untreated wastewater can lead to the spread of disease, pollution of waterways, and harm to aquatic life. Wastewater treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, including domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, before it is discharged into the environment. The sewerage processing generally has the following treatment stages:Prefatory ProcessThis stage involves the re

..]]> Nano-materials and thin films have immense potential in supporting various applications such as purifying water resources, treating water-borne diseases, detecting pollutants through sensors, and most importantly, preventing water contamination. However, providing contamination-free water for healthy living remains a challenging issue, as many parts of the world are facing severe water scarcity and pollution problems. This could lead to reduced food production, an increase in water-borne disease

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/penvironmental-impacts-and-mitigation-strategies-of-the-current-landfill-site-in-gurugram-haryanap/ 2023-04-07 2023-04-07 IntroductionAn efficient approach for evaluating the effects of a project's many sectors and activities on environmental components is the evaluation of environmental impacts1. Based on the results of this assessment, solutions are then provided to lessen any adverse consequences. Since the beginning of civilization, environmental pollution has been a problem, and because of the unchecked growth of the industrialized world, the threat is only getting worse2.Solid waste is a substance that c

..]]> The term “municipal solid waste” refers to waste that is collected by the municipality and includes construction and demolition debris as well as industrial, commercial, and residential waste. Urbanization and growing living standards have resulted in a rise in the amount and complexity of municipal solid waste. In developing countries like India, open dumpsites are common due to a lack of skilled labor and a limited budget for waste disposal. The definition of dumping is a location utilized

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pspatial-and-temporal-rainfall-analysis-of-the-bidi-tobacco-growing-areas-of-indiap/ 2023-04-10 2023-04-10 IntroductionThe largest commercial crop in India is tobacco, which is grown on 0.45 million hectares of land and yields 804 million kilogrammes yearly. Tobacco exports provide $5,540 billion in revenue for the country's economy, and excise taxes generate 22,737 billion and 28,277 crores respectively. It also ensures the livelihood of 45.7 million people. The unique feature of Indian tobacco is that different tobacco type’s viz., Flue-Cured Virginia, Burley, HDBRG, Oriental, Bidi, Cheroot,

..]]> The monsoon extremities, such as heavy rainfall, drought, and cyclones are becoming frequent across India and causing substantial damage to commercial crops. To predict/identify the trend in rainfall of Bidi tobacco growing areas were studied for variability, trend, and detection of any change in monthly rainfall over the years (1990-2020) using Mann-Kendall trend analysis and Sen’s slope tests. Monthly rainfall in three unique Bidi production zones has shown distinct trends. A positive trend

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pdelineation-of-spring-potential-zones-using-geospatial-techniques-arunachal-pradesh-indiap/ 2023-03-27 2023-03-27 IntroductionSpring is a natural occurrence where water emerges from an underground source and flows to the earth surface. A difference in elevation between the aquifer hydraulic head and the ground surface usually causes this.1 However, in recent times, it has become apparent that the springs in the Indian Himalayan region are drying up or becoming seasonal due to various factors, including human activities and climate change.2-4 The drying up of springs can be attributed to increased temperatur

..]]> In the current climate change scenario, natural spring in the region is drying or vanishing, increasing water scarcity. So, to protect this vital resource, spring rejuvenation and protection activities are needed. Thus, the region spring potential zones (SPZ) must be identified to execute the project successfully. The current study used remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) techniques to determine an SPZ based on multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) and an analytic hierar

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pmineralogical-study-of-respirable-dust-in-artisanal-small-scale-quarries-of-misisi-compound-lusaka-zambiap/ 2023-04-10 2023-04-07 IntroductionDust in quarry mining operations mainly comes from the mechanical breakdown of the parent rock during drilling, blasting, chiseling, chipping, crushing and grinding. Other sources of dust at quarry mine sites include: polishing, screening, weighing, mixing, loading and hauling operations. Larger particles of dust usually settle down while very fine dust remains suspended  in air. This type of dust is referred to as primary airborne dust. In most cases, the composition of min

..]]> Misisi compound in Lusaka is characterized by artisanal small scale quarrying activities which are often dusty in nature and prone to hazards. This study reports respirable dust concentration and the mineralogical composition of rocks in the workplace. Dust sampling was carried out with the help of gravimetric samplers at five quarries. Respirable dust samples were collected during digging, chiselling, crushing, and loading sites. The results of the sampled dust indicated high levels of resp

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/ppersistence-of-heavy-metals-in-river-sirsa-around-industrial-hub-baddi-indiap/ 2023-03-27 2023-03-27 IntroductionThe river system is complex in nature as it receives freshwater discharges through land drainage and effluents from industries, thus the limnology of river body is unique and dynamic in lentic and lotic regions. Industrial wastewater may contain specific toxicants which are non-biodegradable substances that act as irreversible metabolic inhibitors of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They also changes the status of river water body from oligotrophic to eutrophic as these efflu

..]]> The Indian riverine system has become dumping site for toxic industrial pollutants. For assessing the flow of pollutants at various trophic levels, it is primarily important to do elemental profiling first so as to detect their load in Sirsa tributary of river Sutlej flowing through foothills of Shivalik in Himachal Pradesh, around the industrial hub Baddi, Solan. The study area includes three observation sites (S1, S2, and S3) on river Sirsa and drainage system of Baddi industrial units; the Ef

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol18no1/pself-care-as-an-ethical-principle-a-pre-and-post-pandemic-onset-integrative-review-of-covid-19p/ 2023-04-07 2023-04-07 IntroductionSelf-care is understood and widely applied as voluntary actions resulting from deliberate, reflective judgments, and leading to appropriate actions through definition, direction, and behavioral regulation.1 According to Orem1, it constitutes a universal requirement of the fulfillment of basic human needs. The term has established itself in the field of nursing, based on the understanding that the role of nursing professionals is to assist in self-care through orientation and educatio

..]]> Self-care results in individual physical and mental health benefits, however, if understood and carried out from an ethical perspective that incorporates community values. We set out to characterize the academic and non-scientific communities conceptions of self-care through an integrative review, which the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic engendered a more global community-based conception of self-care. The research of 800 scientific articles and 1045 popular media evidenced dissonance bet

..]]>