mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/soil-carbon-sequestration-potential-of-terrestrial-ecosystems--trends-and-soil-priming-effects/ 07-04-2022 2022-07-01 IntroductionThe concentration levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere plays a precarious role in maintaining the global surface temperature.1,2. The level of atmospheric CO2 concentration is increased at alarming rate after the industrial revolution across the world. As compared to the pre-industrial level (280 ppm), the current CO2 concentration is about ~414 ppm.3 A lot of studies have reported that the increase in concentrations of atmospheric CO2 is due to anthropogenic activities e

..]]>  Carbon sequestration in the terrestrial ecosystems by forest and agricultural management activities is being considered the best sustainable method to diminish the increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). This paper presents soil carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystem and the concept of soil priming effect. According to forest survey of India, the carbon stock of Indian forests increased at the rate of 0.3% as compared to the previous assessment, i.e., fro

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/agroforestry-as-an-agro-ecological-pathway-to-phase-out-chemical-fertilizer-application-in-smallholder-farms-in-cameroon--state-of-the-art-and-policy-implications/ 07-04-2022 2022-05-16 IntroductionDeclining fertility of the soil is a major challenge to agriculture worldwide1,2,3,4. Studies have shown that a direct relationship exists between crop productivity and soil fertility5,6. This implies that crop yields increase as soil fertility increases and decline as soil fertility declines – all with major implications on food security7,8. Kopittke et al.9 demonstrated that the application of chemical fertilizers on hybrid crop varieties could raise crop productivity by three to

..]]> Man and ecosystems are highly threatened by the abusive application of chemical fertilizers in a bid to enhance soil fertility and improve crop productivity. These chemical fertilizers pose serious health risks to farmers and the population at large and contribute to short and long-term soil degradation. Thus, this study was initiated to examine how agroforestry can contribute towards phasing out chemical fertilizers application in smallholder farms in the south west region of Cameroon. Data col

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/Pretreatment--hydrolysis-and-fermentation-of-lignocellulosic-biomass-for-bioethanol/ 21-04-2022 2022-05-16 IntroductionOil productioniscurrently the world's most important source of primary energy use. Because of the growth of emerging countries' transportation and manufacturing sectors, oil demand is expected to jump from 60% to 75% by 2030. Furthermore, using fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). These greenhouse gases are to blame for the earth's global warming and the current climatic deregulation 1.As a result, in a global setting defi

..]]> Currently, only bioethanol may be used in fuel systems without requiring significant changes to the fuel distribution system. Furthermore, burning bioethanol creates the same amount of CO2 as the plant produces when growing, therefore it does not contribute to the increase in the greenhouse effect. Biodiesel can be made from plants that produce sugar or plants that contain starch (wheat, corn, etc.). However, producing bioethanol on a large scale necessitates the use of vast swaths of land for m

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/biodegradation-of-low-and-high-density-polyethylene-films-by-microbacterium-barkeri-sh20/ 05-05-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction The degradation of synthetic polymers like plastics is a major challenge due to its recalcitrant properties. Polyethylene (PE), which is a type of plastic, has become part of the humanity due to its excellent mechanical properties, oxygen & moisture barrier and low cost. It has been used for the manufacturing of carry bags, packaging materials, etc. (mainly in the form of thin films), and approximately 64% of all produced plastics is used to make polyethylene1, 2. Consequ

..]]> Polyethylene waste contamination is one of the most concerning environmental issues not only in India but also in world. Microbial degradation is one of the safest and environment friendly process to degrade polyethylene among other major types degradation methods such as thermo-oxidative degradation and photo-degradation. The present research focused on the isolation, enrichment, and characterization of polyethylene-utilizing bacteria, not screen as far for biodegradation, and evaluation of its

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/an-assessment-of-environmental-sustainability-factors-in-the-development-of-tourism-in-swaraj-dweep--havelock-island--of-the-andaman-and-nicobar-islands/ 05-05-2022 2022-05-17 Introduction Environmental sustainability in today’s context is incontrovertibly an important concept and it has always been a matter of policy-making argument with public scrutiny. Its significance is due to the fact that it inclines to describe trade-offs with social & economic constituents of sustainable development.29 It is based on development that is attuned to the conservation of vital natural processes.32 In the tourism-based industry, the measurement of environmenta

..]]> The core intent of the paper is to study the different environmental sustainability factors in relation to the development of tourism in Swaraj Dweep of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The study is limited and based on the different perceptions of tourists concerning different environmental sustainability factors effecting tourism development on the island. Consequently, from various literatures, a listing of different environmental sustainability factors of tourism development has been c

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/indoor-air-pollution-and-reactive-nitrogen--a-serious-health-issue/ 27-04-2022 2022-05-16 Dear Readers Recently, it has been realized that increasing air pollution at work places as well as in the ambient air has serious health hazards. Air pollutants such as CO, SO2, NOx, dust, toxic vapours, volatile organics, carbon soot and heavy metals have significant impact on human health. Inhalation and accumulation of toxic substances impact children and women significantly1. Indoor air pollution is generated by outdoor sources as well as indoor sources. Indoor sources include fuel burni

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..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/recent-progress-in-doped-tio2photocatalysis-and-hybrid-advanced-oxidation-processes-for-organic-pollutant-removalfrom-wastewater/ 21-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction Innovations and productions of new medicines increased number of pharmaceutical industries with accumulation of waste in rivers and on land. Environmental management part always found non-focused and lead to degradation of nature.  Researchers are working on these issues to resolve these problems.This situation enforced research towards zero effluent discharge, green technology and cleaner development mechanism. Semiconductor photocatalysis has been extensively studied b

..]]> Hybrid advanced oxidation processes (HAPOs) for the removal of non-biodegradable organics from wastewater have been studied in recent literature. With the increase in industrial development, the quantity of wastewater generated from these industries also organic wastewater produced by industrial manufacturing has posed threats to the environment.AOP’s are one of the promising advanced technologies for mineralization of organics present in wastewater. Hybrid advanced oxidation process b

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/an-assessment-of-soil-quality-and-agricultural-production-status-in-the-alluvial-soil-region--a-case-study-in-koch-bihar-district--west-bengal--india/ 15-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction The dynamic quality of soil properties affected by good management is known to as soil quality. The soil quality concept was familiarizing for correct grouping and allocation of agricultural inputs materials'.1, 2 The ability of the soil to work within a regulated or native ecosystem limits in order to preserve or improve the productivity of the ecosystem's plants and animals is referred to as soil quality.3, 4, 5 As a result, the most significant environmental pa

..]]> Soil refers to the upper layer of the Earth’s surface, which is made up of a mixture of organic residues, clay, and rock particles, and that's where plants grow. The soil quality is the environmental aspect that is most significant in agricultural activities, as well as for the concern of the safety of agricultural produces. At present-day, soil quality assessment becomes the most important issue because of the raising food security awareness. This study was assessed in Koch Bi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/ecological-consequences-of-hydropower-development-in-himachal-pradesh-with-special-reference-to-chamera-dam/ 15-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction Development of a nation has to be people friendly as well as environment friendly. Over-exploitation and over-exhaustion of the natural environmental resources can play havoc with the development of the people as depletion of resources on this finite planet will have dangerous implications for the future generations. Besides, to improve the quality of life of people, infrastructural development such as construction of dams, canals, power energy, roads, telecommunication, airways,

..]]> Hydropower is an important renewable energy resource and one of the most efficient power generation systems on the planet. Despite all of the benefits of hydropower plants, there may be some drawbacks. However, its growth is accompanied by negative environmental consequences. Hydropower dams are still being constructed at a rapid pace in the developing world and are causing disturbances to river ecology, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, increased greenhouse gases emissions, as well as displa

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/Phosphorus-removal-in-vertical-flow-reed-beds-using-baked-clay-balls-as-an-alternative-media/ 15-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction Constructed Wetlands (CW) are eco-technology based methods for wastewater treatment. The vegetation, substrate, biofilm and microorganisms of CWs work in co-action to remove a various pollutants from the wastewater.1,2CWs have gained popularity across the world. These systems are widely applied to treatmunicipal sewage, dairy effluents, agricultural runoff and landfill leachates.3–6 Among the four major classes of CWs the vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) are ch

..]]> Phosphorous (P) entering into the water bodies through point and non-point sources is a causal agent for eutrophication. Nature Based Solutions (NBS) like Constructed Wetlands (CW) are cost effective methods for treating the grey waters in order to protect the water bodies form risk of eutrophication. The P removal efficiency of Constructed Wetlands (CW) can be improved by adding new substrate having potential P removal efficiency.The study was conducted to determine the phosphorus removal from

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/Water-Quality-Index--WQI--to-Evaluate-Groundwater-Quality-in-Chickmagaluru-District--South-Karnataka--India/ 15-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction Groundwater is a significant natural resource all around the world. In the last few decades, conserving these vital renewable resources is receiving more and more attention. This is because, as the population expands and water consumption for diverse uses such as agriculture, drinking, and industrial growth, investment in the water sphere will become unavoidable. Water is essential to all living things on the Earth, whether directly or indirectly. The groundwater is affected by a

..]]> Groundwater quality assessment is essentialin the present scenario. The main objective of the present study is assessing the groundwater quality for drinking purpose and identify them.Fourteen (14) different physiochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate the subsurface water in the study area and values were compared to Bureau of Indian standards. Water Quality Index (WQI) is a composite indicant of water quality. The water quality index evaluates various parameters that can be quickly and

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/arsenic-contamination-and-its-impact-on-the-human/ 14-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction Arsenic (AS) in high concentration is one of the dangerous toxicants for human health. Ground water and other heavy metals contamination are the main sources of AS pollution and have serious consequences on the human health and its effects, bio-accumulative nature, and persistence in the environment worsen the problem. In biological systems, heavy metals affect the cellular DNA and nuclear proteins leading to alteration of cell cycle, carcinogenesis or apoptosis. Increased p

..]]> Arsenic (AS) toxicity is considered as one of the biggest environmental issue and a major public health problem. In this chapter we have summarized the impact of AS contamination on human health. A perusal of literature reveals that exposure to higher concentrations of AS is serious for a number of reasons. Such exposure for a longer period leads to ill effect on several organ systems of the human body. The adverse effects of inorganic AS cause many human diseases, human sufferings and increased

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/Polycyclic-Aromatic-Hydrocarbons-in-Ado-Ekiti-Roadside-Soil-Nigeria--Distribution--Source-Identification--Composition-Profiles--and-Toxic-Potential/ 13-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction Ubiquitous nature of PAHs in terrestrial and marine environment made them an important.1 PAHs are concern due to persistent nature. The EU and USEPA have prioritized PAHs due to carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.2 High and low molecular weight are the two class of PAHs. The 4 to 6 aromatic rings are HMW with less bio-degradable properties, while LMW-PAHs consists 2 to 3 rings with less carcinogen properties than HMW types.3 US Environment Protection Agency have identified six

..]]> The study considered the level, origin with toxic potentials of PAHs in soil roadside of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Gas chromatographic technique was employed for the identification of PAHs after extraction and silica gel cleanup. Average concentration of the PAHs ranged from ND – 51.6 ± 46.7µg/kg, while total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAHs) ranged of 61.8±32.3 - 204±28.0 µg/kg with contamination pattern of ADY ? AJI ? EKSU ? NNPC.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/guru-ghasidas-university-campus-greenery-for-offsetting-carbon-dioxide-and-improving-students--academic-performance/ 13-04-2022 2022-05-17 Introduction University is a student-centric place where teaching-learning practices take place for producing future generations.1-3 Students spend most of the time in a university environment to attend class, sit in examinations, and do other extracurricular activities. All these tasks demand direct attention and raise mental fatigue and stress in students.4-6The green campus allows a place as a pedagogy and enhances the environmental awareness among students by utilizing green practices on

..]]> The greenery in academic institution reduces CO2 and creates stress free environment to the students' learning. Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, India, spread in 262 ha with ample green space, is an education hub for over 9000 students. The land use pattern, greenery, and tree CO2stock were assessed by laying out 54 sample plots (0.1 ha) across the university. Students’ likelihood of greenery and its effects on students' behavior and academic performance were

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/gender-differences-in-perception-and-awareness-of-climate-change-in-the-suru-valley-of-western-himalayas--india/ 13-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction There is a lot of evidence of climate change, which is frequently related to increases in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. According to some projections, this rise might result in a 1 to 3.5°C warming at the Earth's surface during the next century.1 Climate change is projected to have a profound influence on both the biophysical environment of the Earth and human existence as a long-term trend.2 Climate change is a  major concern in the communitie

..]]> The Suru valley of the Ladakh region in the Indian western Himalayas has a cold-arid climate and semi-desert landscape. Any change in climate in this fragile landscape will impact the lives of local communities in the region. The region has limited weather monitoring stations due to which changing climate pattern is not well understood. Understanding gender differential perceptions of climate change will help us in critical engagement and support of local people for action on climate change. Thi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/an-appraisal-of-legal-framework-for-groundwater-governancein-punjab/ 13-04-2022 2022-05-17 Introduction Groundwater has played a dominant role in food grain production and the income security of farmers around the world. A certain lack of much-needed importance still manifests itself in fragmented legislative approach, insufficient institutional set-ups,and inadequateimplementation of GW law in almost all countries oftheworld1 and its governance has also been an area of neglect until recently2. Legal frameworks encompassing surface and GW are more efficient and responsive than t

..]]> Groundwater (GW) in India is emerging as the major source of water which contributes about 85% to drinking water supply in rural areas and 62% to irrigation. In Punjab, GW provides irrigation to more than 72% of the area under the rice-wheat cropping system and it has played a key role in its emergence as 'granary of India’. But the area under rice, a water-guzzling crop grown in the state during summer, has increased tremendously, i.e., from 3.90 lac hectares in 1970-71 to 31.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/COVID-19-Pandemic--A-Ray-of-Hope-towards-Sustainable-Nature-Based-Tourism/ 13-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction Nature-Based Tourism is rapidly expanding with its significance for the effective promotion of natural resources and socioeconomic development1. The natural habitat and environmental conditions are vital in determining the viability of tourism destination2. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic struck a fatal blow to the travel and tourism (T&T) industry, affecting economies, livelihoods, goods, and services globally. The travel industry was hit pointedly during th

..]]> As the world wrestles with the pandemic and the travel industry comes to a standstill, stories via online media are surfacing that guarantee untamed life is getting back to isolated urban areas and that the Earth is recuperating itself. Millions are confronting the possibility of joblessness, a worldwide financial downturn is on the cards, medical services frameworks are being over-burden as contaminations develop dramatically, and disease transmission experts caution that, conceivably, a great

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/a-review-of-defluoridation-techniques-of-global-and-indian-prominence/ 12-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction Fluoride due to its significant effect on human wellbeing has drawn worldwide attention. Exposure to the high dose of fluoride over a long period result in various health symptoms like dental fluorosis (stained and chipped teeth), skeletal fluorosis (deformed and stiff bones) and other non-skeletal symptoms, ranging from gastric to reproductive systems. The population of poor and underdeveloped regions like Africa and Asia represent the major population suffering from fluorosis

..]]> Fluoride(F-) is the 13thmost abundant chemical element in the Earth's crust which has been widely recognised for its health benefits at low concentration but poses a serious threat to public health at very high doses. The world health organization has set the fluoride guideline limit of 1.5 mg/l in drinking water. Globally, over 260 million people drink water with high fluoride concentrations. Widespread distribution and high fluoride levels in the potablewater in most of the areas of th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/spatial-Interpolation-of-the-Concentrations-of-Particulate-Matter-and-Carbon-Dioxide-of-Some-Selected-Tourist-Sites-in-Srinagar-City--Jammu-and-Kashmir--India/ 12-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction Particulate matter pollution and increase in carbon dioxide concentration are seen as the major troubles man is facing today with respect to health and the environment. In 2016, the health effect institute (IHE) noted that the chronic exposure to ambient PM2.5 killed about 4.1 million people and caused a disability-adjusted life years’ (DALYs’) loss of 106 million; the highest total deaths were obtained in India (25%) and China (26%).1 These data were obtain

..]]> This investigation was carried out to monitor and prepare thematic maps of the monthly spatial variability of the ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, and TSP) and carbon dioxide (CO2) of some selected tourist sites (viz. Shalimar Garden, Chesmashahi Botanical Garden, Harwan Garden, Nishat Garden, Naseem Bagh, Lal Chowk, and Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K) Shalimar campus of Srinagar city, Kashmir valley from

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/comparative-evaluation-and-environmental-importance-of-removal-of-methyl-orange-by-photocatalysis-and-mgo-nanoparticle/ 08-04-2022 2022-05-17 Introduction Removal of dyes from wastewaters discharged from industries like textile, leather tanning, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, pigment etc is an important and challenging task. This is because the complex aromatic structure of dyes makes them more stable and more difficult to remove from wastewater. Several physico-chemical and biological methods viz coagulation and flocculation, biosorption, ultrafiltration, cation exchange membranes, electrochemical degradation, ozone treatment etc.

..]]> The treatment of the coloured effluents is gaining huge attention in recent years. Use of nanomaterials to treat wastewaters have been the subject of active research and development worldwide in recent years. To outcome of experimental findings on degradation of methyl orange by MgO nanoparticle through adsorption and nano photocatalysis are presented in this paper. The effects of pH, stirring/contact/irradiation time, dye concentration, adsorbent dosage is investigated. At the optimum condition

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/determination-of-air-quality-life-index--aqli--in-medinipur-city-of-west-bengal--india--during-2019-to-2020--a-contextual-study/ 08-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction The Air Quality Index (AQI) doesn't precisely decide the unsafe impacts of air pollutants on human health. Although most developing countries utilize their own air quality indicators, they are unable to give the public a positive idea of how harmful air pollutants are. Particulate matter (solid and fluid particles such as ash, smoke, residue, and others that are suspended and noticeable all around) is a vital and significant pollutant in the ambient air that can shorten

..]]> The Air Quality Index (AQI) utilized in various nations doesn't plainly show how much air pollution influences the average life expectancy (LE). This study explicitly shows how much air pollutants (especially atmospheric particulate matter) reduce the average LE of an individual in a given year in a specific city. This study has determined the Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) and has shown a reduction in the average LE of each resident of Medinipur city in 2019 and 2020. The reduction in hu

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/microbes-as-requisite-additives-for-organic-waste-management--a-brief-review/ 07-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction The current waste management practices face challenges owing to a huge generation of greenhouse gases GHGs that has contributed to changes in consumption patterns and growth in resource squandering mainly caused by the rapid industrialization, urbanization and population growth 1,2. The old saying“Waste not, want not” rings so true today as global leaders and local communities alike progressively call for a fix for the so called “throwaway

..]]> Owing to the changes in human lifestyle and resource deterioration impelled by rapid population growth and unsustainable industrialization, waste management has emerged as an extensive contrivance for human welfare and environmental prosperity. Unmanaged waste impacts both rich and poor hurting their economy and environment. Organic waste, being the largest component of MSW in developing countries, can be developed into a valuable resource by utilizing microorganisms. A brief repository about th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/biofuel-formation-from-microalgae--a-renewable-energy-source-for-eco-sustainability/ 07-04-2022 2022-05-16 Introduction The manufacturing of eco-friendly and sustainable energy sources is the biggest challenge faced by the contemporary world 1,2. Thus, there is great significance in researching alternate energy sources that can produce energy eco-friendly and sustainable 3,4. Although adequate research had carried out on alternative energy sources; but, there is a break in knowledge nowadays, which needs to achieve sustainability 5,6. Several studies were conducted to determine the most effectiv

..]]> In the current scenario, biofuel production from microalgae is beneficial to sustainability. Recently, one of the most pressing concerns has been finding cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy sources to meet rising energy demands without jeopardizing environmental integrity. Microalgae provide a viable biomass feedstock for biofuel production as the global market for biofuels rises. Biodiesel made from biomass is usually regarded as one of the best natural substitutes to fossil fuel

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol17no1/climate-change-and-the-indian-economy---a-review/ 07-04-2022 2022-05-17 Introduction For a developing nation like India, climate change is a harsh reality. This is mostly because the backbone of the growth of a developing country is made of conventional methods of generating energy and resources. Despite a huge advancement in technologies, such countries often find themselves in conflicting positions. Economy, development and climate change often cross each other’s paths resulting in increased risk and vulnerability. This can be understood from the

..]]> India occupies an intriguing position in the context of climate change and economic development. Blessed with enormous resources (Forests, solar energy, etc.), but short of the capital and technical know-how, India’s journey to a net-zero carbon economy is a marathon. Immediate climate change policies like COP26 often meet reluctance and stress the economy. Climate change has inevitably started altering the climatic dimensions and is now causing substantial damage to the Indian economy

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