mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/optimized-hybrid-upflow-anaerobic-sludge-blanket-with-post-treatment-processes-for-wastewater/ 03-03-2021 2021-04-28 IntroductionEnvironmental pollution is a present global issue waiting to be addressed. It is a subject that troubles us physically, economically and disrupts the day to day functioning of our lives1,2. Wastewateris usually classified as municipal wastewater (domestic wastewater or sewage) and industrial wastewater, which is inevitable in a country like India3,4. Efficient treatment of the wastewater is a big challenge to the corresponding authorities. India faces severe problems of collection an

..]]> This paper presents a review and findings of the Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (HUASB) technologies, deploying lab scale reactors for treatment of domestic and industrialwastewater. The major controlling parameters for HUASB reactors such as inert media used, pH, temperature, upflow velocity, organic loading, hydraulic residence time along with startup and granulation are highlighted for its efficient performance and achieving optimum results. Wastewater arising from a plethora of indus

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/physico-chemical-parameters-and-diversity-of-phytoplankton-in-kirtankhola-river--bangladesh/ 01-02-2021 2021-04-28 IntroductionBangladesh is a land of water, crisscrossed with almost 700 rivers. Numerous rivers flow through Barishal (administrative division), located in south-central part of Bangladesh and, Kirtankhola river is a notable and one of the major rivers in Barishal division. The total length of the river is about 160 km, but the 21 km of the river flowing through Barishal and Jhalokathi district under the Barishal division is actively known as Kirtankhola (Mahbub,1). The river Kirtankhola with th

..]]> The river Kirtankhola has great importance in southern part of Bangladesh due to its necessity in transportations, municipal and agricultural purposes. But the ecological status and impacts of water quality on phytoplankton diversity were undiscovered. To cover the maximum area of the river, water samples were collected from the 6 locations (ST) covering about 13 km. Some parameters were measured immediately after sampling by portable devices and others done in laboratory following standard meth

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/covid-19-air-transmission-and-precautions/ 26-04-2021 2021-04-27 Dear Readers, Hope you are safe and doing well. I am pleased to present before you this issue of Current World Environment. In spite of tremendous pressure due to second wave of COVID-19, the authors, editors and the staff of journal office have shown their great cooperation to bring out this issue in time. I thank all the contributors for their dedication for making the successful release of this issue. The COVID-19 shutdown has been a major challenge for mankind. This pandemic perio

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..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/why-does-the-current-world-environment-need-environmental-bioethics-/ 15-04-2021 2021-04-27 Bioethics is a recent area of knowledge know as ethics for life. The Neologism was consolidated by Van Rensselaer Poter in the 1970's1. Poter was an American biochemist and oncologist in line with the visionary environmental movements that were strengthened in the face of the awareness of the consequences of the sudden and intense technoscientific development. Potter's work, “Bioethics: bridge to the future”, it was based on an analogy of the one human being

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..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/seasonal-variation-of-water-quality-parameters-and-their-impact-on-fish-biodiversity-indices-of-hasadanga-beel--a-case-study/ 19-01-2021 2021-04-27 Introduction The transitional areas between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are called wetland where the water table is generally at or near the surface on the land which is covered by shallow water1. It is estimated that, India contains about 757.06 thousand wetlands with a total wetland area of 15.3 m ha, which is nearly 4.7% of the total geographical area of the country 2. In India, West Bengal holds a significant position for its large aquatic wealth in terms of floodplain lakes or n

..]]> Fish diversity indices and their correlation with seasonal fluctuation of physicochemical parameters of Hasadanga beel was aimed to be studied. A three-year study on the relationship between the seasonal fluctuation of water quality parameters and fish biodiversity indices was conducted in Hasadanga Beel, a floodplain lake of Nadia district, West Bengal to measure the ecological health of the lake. Samples of water and fish species were collected at pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon period f

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/hydro-chemical-assessment-of-ground-water-in-north-eastern-region-of-india--a-case-study-of-western-suburb-of-jorhat-town-of-assam--india/ 2021-01-19 2021-04-27 Introduction In this world, clean and safe water for drinking is one of the important fundamental needs for the survival of human being on earth. 1 In India accessibility of drinking water is a challenging task. In recent years, resources of fresh water system have been affected by the rapid population growth as well as development of economic system. 2, 3 All over the world, water plays the key role in the transmission of different water borne diseases and hence maintenance of the quality

..]]> In the current study, the quality of ground water (GW) from an area of western part of Jorhat district of Assam (India) was assessed in order to ensure the safety of its use in irrigation and drinking purposes. The physico-chemical parameters of the collected GW samples were evaluated and compared the data with the Indian Standards (IS) for drinking purposes. The investigation was mainly emphasised on the evaluation of Water Quality Index (WQI) and different parameters for the quality measuremen

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/review-article--indoor-biological-contaminants-in-the-built-environment/ 14-04-2021 2021-04-27 Introduction In the last few decades, the problems of airborne bacteria and fungi in indoor environments have significantly increased worldwide1. The quality of the living spaces and occupants' health and well-being can be influenced directly or indirectly by microbes in buildings2-6. The problems of indoor microbes in the built environment have been taken seriously into account by biologists in collaboration with building designers7, 8. Kembel et al. summarised the three essential

..]]> Occupants of buildings spent most of their time indoors and posed themselves to the indoor biological contaminants (i.e. bacteria and fungi) in the built environment. However, the factors that influenced the prevalence of suspended bacteria and fungi in the air of the built environment are not well recognised. Authorities must take the growth of biological contaminants seriously to prevent serious health effects among occupants of buildings. This review summarises the factors (i.e. outdoor air,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/examining-farmers--resilience-to-climate-change-and-policy-ramifications-in-north-west-cameroon/ 2021-04-16 2021-04-28 Introduction The desire of the national, regional and international policy makers to combat global environmental challenges is unquestionable1. This is evidenced by the crafting and adoption of seventeen (17) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – agenda 2030, wherein the fight against climate change features prominently as goal number thirteen2,3. The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases especially nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and others in

..]]> Over half of the world’s population depends on smallholder farms for their daily food needs. However, high levels of vulnerability and low levels of resilience to the adverse effects of climatic variations and changes constitute major threats to smallholder farms and farmers. It is within this context that this paper assessed the levels of resilience of smallholder farmers as well as the factors affecting smallholder farmers’ resilience to climate change in north western Came

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/a-review-on-chemical-and-ecological-status-of-lonar-lake/ 26-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Lonar Lake is located in Buldhana district which is one of the famous historical place in Maharashtra, India (19º58′N, 76º31′E). It is said that nearly before 50,000 years, there was formation of impact crater due to collision of meteor. There is vast chemical and biological diversity in it created due to meteor impact. It is very essential to study this place so it may open secrets of universe. The research on Lonar Lake began in 1823 and

..]]> Meteoric impact crater Lonar Lake is located in Buldhana district of Maharashtra always remained as point of attraction among the researchers of different fields since many decades as it has rich chemical and biological diversity in it. Physicochemical qualities of water samples were analysed by many researchers and revealed that, the water is alkaline with high pH and categorised by high concentration of Alkalinity, Sulphate, sodium, Total dissolved solids, Magnesium, Chloride and Dissolved Oxy

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/sustainability-at-border-villages-of-punjab--india---a-critical-study-on-initiatives-and-practices/ 23-04-2021 2021-04-29 Introduction Sustainability is the basic requirement to nurture all the natural resources for existence, thereby maintaining and avoiding their depletion for an ecological balance. The Brundtland commission has emphasised that the goals of Sustainable Development (SGD) need to focus on social, economic, and environmental aspects. A society that enforces sustainable ways to meet the needs, embraces environment, conserves the natural resources, and has good sustainable economic growth.1,2,3 I

..]]> The focus of this review is the sustainability of villages under the ‘Smart Village’ concept with special emphasis on the Border Villages, primarily that of the Punjab state. Based on various case studies, this article summarizes some of the major issues and challenges which these border villages face. What hindrances they have? Which rural development plans are implemented and how sustainable are their environments? The review is based on the implementation of ‘Sma

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/rhizobium-leguminosarum--a-model-arsenic-resistant--arsenite-oxidizing-bacterium-possessing-plant-growth-promoting-attributes/ 10-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction The human populations of eastern India (West Bengal mainly) and Bangladesh are severely suffered by arsenic (As) contamination of water and food1, 2. The concurrent application of As enriched irrigation seems to be the major reason for soil build-up3, 4and subsequent accumulation in standing crops5. Generally, As residues are found in the top layer of soil or surface soil and enter the plants easily because of their low volatility and low solubility6. The As has both organic an

..]]> The threat of arsenic (As) pollution has become serious and leading to opt of low-cost microbial remediation strategies.Some bacteria have the ability to resist As. A group of rhizosphere bacteria have the ability to absorb arsenic. So these bacteria may be a good candidate for arsenic bioremediation from contaminated environment. Our present study of identifying suitable rhizobacterial strains led to the isolation of As-tolerant strains from arsenic pollutedrhizospheric soils of lentil in West

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/evaluation-of-radon--222rn--distribution-and-its-implications-vis-a-vis-water-quality-of-killiyar-river--kerala--india/ 10-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Rivers are the principle source of water supply for larger population in urban and rural parts of Kerala, southwestern State of India. But, many of the small rivers in Kerala get dried during summer and flooded during monsoon seasons. Since water is one of the most vital commodities, the over-exploitation of water resource and water pollution is a problematic condition which ultimately leads to water scarcity problems. Apart from the dissolved or suspended chemical pollutants,

..]]> The discharge of tropical rivers is mainly contributed by the baseflow from groundwater especially during summer. Hence, in order to sustain the environmental flow of rivers, the conservation of locations where groundwater discharges into river is a better option than conventional practices viz., redesigning river channel structure and flow regime. Radon (222Rn), a colourless, odourless, inert and natural radioactive noble gas (t1/2= 3.8 days), can be used as a proxy to trace the groundwater dis

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/land-use-changes-in-turkish-territories--patterns--directions-and-socio-economic-impacts-on-territorial-management/ 09-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Land systems comprise all methods and actions linked to the human use of land, including technological and organizational advances and orderings and the advantages obtained from land, and the unintended social and environmental consequences of societal actions. These systems have significant implications that lead to change in the land cover 1. Land use and land cover change are the main catalyst forces of global environmental change and are of significant concern because of th

..]]> Human activities have been changing the Earth's cover at an unparalleled scale. In this regard, and cover mapping is a decisive advantage for several kinds of research. Also, the outcomes from these investigations could be applied to plan a sustainable regional governance policy. This article studied land-use changes in the Turkish Territories in 1990, 2000, 2012, and 2018 using the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) data. The results showed a significant and gradual

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/existence-of-microplastic-as-pollutant-in-harike-wetland--an-analysis-of-plastic-composition-and-first-report-on-ramsar-wetland-of-india/ 03-03-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Wetlands are having many global processes such as carbon cycle, fisheries production, shelter for local and migratory birds and biogeochemical cycles. They are not only ecologically important but also contribute in economy of that area. Wetland export 20% of total world’s organic carbon in nature. It also contributes to biomass production where in animals although small but form an important fraction of this biomass. Wetlands particularly riverine wetlands provide imp

..]]> Wetlands are ecologically important and productive environments which help in several global processes. Microplastic pollution is an environmental issue of great concern. The studies related to this issue have been reported chiefly on the marine environment whereas freshwater ecosystems especially wetlands are receiving less consideration. Harike wetland is a northern largest wetland of India with area at present of 86km2. It is home to several migratory birds along with being rich in fish diver

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/concentration-dependent-effects-of-green-inhibitors-on-gravimetric-indices-of-corrosion-linked-metal-integrity/ 2021-04-21 2021-04-28 Introduction Heveabrasiliensis, Pennisetum purpureum and Mangifera indica are common tropical plants known for their fast growing, high productivity and high concentration of phytochemicals respectively. M. indica is known for its fruits rather than its leaves making the leaves constitute wastes as they fall off the tree. P. purpureum, grows as weed, and springs out easily from uncultivated land while H. brasiliensis plants are grown for its latex making the leaves also readily available fo

..]]> The use of plant phytochemicals as anti-corrosion agents is gaining widespread acceptance. This study was designed to evaluate the concentration dependent effects of green inhibitors from Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) Mangifera indica (mango leaves) and Heveabrasiliensis (rubber leaves) on some gravimetric indicators of corrosion linked metal stability. The material strength, weight loss, corrosion rate of the metal coupons and the inhibition efficiency of the green inhibitors were deter

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/assessment-of-heavy-metals-in-ground-water-of-different-locations-of-national-capital-region--delhi--india/ 25-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Heavy metals contamination in ground water is a major problem across the world. Heavy metals are naturally present in the ecosystems. However, in recent decades the heavy metal concentration levels are increasing in ground water, river and soil system due to anthropogenic activities such as chemical industries, mining, fertilizers, emission from automobiles, and agriculture runoff.1-4 Heavy metal contaminations in the ground water system are a serious concern in most of the dev

..]]> The quality of ground water in any region of the world entirely depends on different types of chemical constituents and their concentration levels in surrounding environment or dissolved in water. The main aim of this study was to assess some basic hydro-chemical parameters and heavy metals in ground water of National Capital Region (NCR), India. Thus, we have collected ground water samples from different sources viz., Najafargarh (NG),  Bindapur (BP), Dwarka (BC and BG), Uttam Nagar (U

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/patterns-of-phenological-characteristics-of-important-tree-species-of-kumaun-himalaya/ 17-03-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction The entire Himalaya region is highly vulnerable to the impacts of global warming and forest ecosystem can be seriously impacted in these changes. Phenological events of the plants are good indicators of climate differences1,2.Phenology involves precise documentation of timing and duration of different phenological events at species level, their interrelations and possible causal links between environmental variables and phenology3.The various phenological events such as leaf-ex

..]]> Phenology is one of the simplest and most effective study to understanding the role of climate change in recent scenario. A number of biotic and abiotic drivers controlled the timing and duration of various phenophases in same or different species. Temperature, rainfall and photoperiod are key drivers which adversely affect the phenology of woody plant. The study sites were conductedat 413 and 2345m elevation in Nainital forest division of Kumaun Himalaya. The phenological study were carried out

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/developing-empirical-formula-of-ventilation-index-for-assessing-pm2-5-exposure-in-biomass-fuel-using-households/ 18-03-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction More than three billion people in the world use solid fuels collectively in the form of biomass and coal and meet their energy demands for cooking foods or lighting etc.1,2. The percentage of biomass use is more visible in Africa, South-East Asia and in Central and South America3. Biomass burning is more common in the rural area than the urbans and people use traditional cooking stoves of inadequate combustion chamber and poor ventilation. Sometimes, open burning of biomass for

..]]> Equations of ‘ventilation index’ in industrial and medical sectors are already established, but not yet been worked out for domestic household environments. This study intended to establish an empirical formula for ‘ventilation index’ for domestic indoor environments. Measurements of 2.5 micron size particulate matter (PM2.5) with biomass, air velocity, room index, temperature and relative humidity were used for developing the empirical formula. A total of

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/assessment-of-water-quality-status-of-chandrabhaga-river-at-rishikesh--dehradun--uttarakhand--india/ 2021-04-21 2021-04-28 Introduction River water is a dynamic system and dissolves varieties of substances from industrial waste and domestic waste water- sewage and the access of so many substances and microorganisms leads to severe contamination of river water1.  Since long, rivers are used as valuable freshwater sources for drinking cum domestic purposes, irrigation, construction, hydro power generation, water transport, fishery, water sports and in amusement parks2. Huge quantity of water is required

..]]> In the background of the ambitious ‘National Mission for Clean Ganga’ to clean, conserve and protect the River Ganga in a comprehensive manner, this study was undertaken to evaluate the status of Water Quality of Chandrabhaga river at Rishikesh, district Dehradun, India, between the Dhalwala bridge area and Mayakund area where it merges with the river Ganga, affecting adversely its water quality.  The characteristics of Chandrabhaga river water were assessed during J

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/noise-descriptors-for-kota-metropolis--rajasthan--india/ 18-01-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction 'Nausea' is a Latin word which implies 'unwanted level of sound ' or 'loud, distracting or unpredictable sound.' 1,2A more accurate definition would be "noise is an audible and high range of sound causing disturbance, disability or harm to health."3–6 Since it cannot be seen, smelled, or tasted, it is an underestimated environmental problem. Noise needs to be identified as a considerable threat to human

..]]> The most common environmental concern in metropolitan cities worldwide is noise pollution. Kota metropolis (India) is also suffering from the problem of the increased noise level in the urban environment. Kota metropolis has been selected for the assessment of noise pollution. The main reasons behind the increasing level of noise in the city are increased population, rapid urbanization and industrialization, increased transportation facilities, urban development, construction and demolition work

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/monitoring-and-assessing-the-environmental-noise-along-a-busy-traffic-corridor-of-ahmedabad-city--india/ 16-03-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Noise is one of the major urban pollutants affecting the majority of streets of modern cities1,2 and environmental noise pollution has been a growing worldwide problem over the past few years.3 Numerous studies have reported that the increase in the noise pollution is primarily because of the increase in the usage of the vehicles.4,5,6,7,8,9 Many studies have reported that there is evidence that exposure to traffic noise may be associated with wide range of psychological and ph

..]]> Noise pollution is a growing problem across the world and one which many people may not be aware of the impacts on their health. The environmental noise, and in particular the road traffic noise, remains a major environmental problem affecting the health and well-being of millions of people. With this background, a comprehensive ‘noise pollution assessment study’ was undertaken for a busy traffic corridor of Ahmedabad city of India. The traffic corridor which spans around 22.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/impact-of-okhla--bhalswa-and-ghazipur-municipal-waste-dumpsites--landfill--on-groundwater-quality-in-delhi/ 28-01-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Solid waste dumping in an open area without plan lead to a major problem for municipalities in India and worldwide. As mentioned in Solid Waste Management Rule 2016, this rule is also applicable to waste generate from Religious place, Port, Airport including Municipalities.1 Sustainable way of waste management are reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and last option is landfilling. Landfills though provide a quick and easy solution but pose a grave threat to the environment, economy

..]]> Rapid urbanization, increasing prosperity, economic development coupled with changing lifestyle has produced a tremendous generation of waste in huge quantity. The dumping of this huge quantity of partially segregated waste has become a public health and environmental concern. According to an estimate, more than 9500 tons per day (TPD) of MSW (Municipal solid waste) is generated in Delhi and about 60% of waste is transported to these three-active landfills in order of maximum in Bhalswa followed

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/intra-crustal-seismicity-triggering-in-shillong-massif---an-appraisal-on-recent-seismicity/ 16-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction History tells us about the massive earthquakes which collapsed livelihood in different parts of the world in recent time. North-east India is one of the most active seismic zones which experienced a number of devastated earthquakes. The seismotectonic domain of North-east India is delimited between the two great barriers, i.e. the great Himalayas in its north and the Indo-Burma ranges towards far east. The entire NE-India is configured within latitude 22-290N and longitude 90-9

..]]> Shillong plateau in the North East India resembles a kind of inselberg, confined in between the great Hilamalayan mountain belts in the north and the Arakan-Yoma towards east. The study area is governed by a system of complex seismotectonic features responsible for the intense seismicity in the region, significantly the devastation aftermath the 1897 great Assam Earthquake (Ms~8.7). Spatio-temporal distribution of seismicity triggering inside the plateau from 1966 to 2013 suggests distinctly var

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/behavioral-biomarker-responses-of-filopaludina-bengalensis-to-acute-copper-toxicity/ 10-03-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Indiscriminate water pollution due to urbanization, industrialization and modern agricultural practices alter physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics of water bodies (Indra and Shivaji, 2006). Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystem is of great environmental concern in these days because of bioaccumulative and non-biodegradable nature of the heavy metals (Walker et al., 2006).The natural sources of heavy metals include weathering of rocks and volcanic eruptions

..]]> As heavy metals are bioaccumulative and toxic in nature, increasing heavy metal levels in the environment is of great concern. The present study was aimed to assess the acute toxicity effects of copper on some behavioral attributes of Filopaludina bengalensis (locally known as ‘Genri’), a freshwater gastropod, under laboratory condition. Exposure to copper (0.50-2.0 ppm) for 96 h resulted in significant mortality. Recorded LC50 value at 96h was 0.586 ppm. The aggregation tend

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/threat-assessment-and-prioritization-of-high-value-medicinal-plants-in-pindari-valley--nanda-devi-biosphere-reserve--india/ 22-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction The mighty Himalaya contains a plentitude of medicinal plants and its habitants possess the knowledge of traditional medicinal plants. Indian Himalaya region (IHR) harbors about 1748 (23.4% of India) plant species recognized for their medicinal values. The higher diversity of medicinal plants in IHR is represented by the occurrence of a variety of native (31%), endemic (15.5%) and threatened elements (14% of total Red Data Book plants of IHR).1The need of medicinal plants is co

..]]> The communication assesses the high-value medicinal plants reported in Pindari Valley, Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, using a score-based method for prioritization and conservation. A total of 42 high-value medicinal plants were assessed, prioritized and scored on the basis of rapid threat assessment. Maximum threat was recorded for Aconitum heterophyllum followed by Picrorhiza kurrooa and Nardostachys jatamansi given their limited number of individuals observed in the study area as

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/acute-toxicity-bioassay-of-a-pyrethroid-pesticide-bifenthrin-to-the-asian-stinging-catfish--heteropneustes-fossilis--bloch-/ 23-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Pesticides are being used indiscriminately to maintain a sustainable yield of various crops necessary to support the ever increasing animal population. They constitute a prime component of agricultural runoff which gets intermingled to the adjacent water bodies affecting the life of different non-target organisms (Raina et al., 2009).The contamination of aquatic ecosystem by pesticides is a global problem (Hill, 1985; Sibley and Kaushik, 1991). Human beings are the worst victim

..]]> Bifenthrin is a type-I synthetic neopyrethroid pesticide having eight different stereoisomers. The current study aims to assess the short-term toxic effect of Bifenthrin to freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The 24, 48, 72 and 96h LC50 values of bifenthrin to H. fossilis were 4.82, 4.47, 3.54 and 3.40 µg/l respectively. There was a significant variation (p<0.05) in the mortality of the treated fish exposed to bifenthrin with respect to the control at all the hours of expo

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/overview-of-legal-and-policy-measures-of-carbon-trading-and-renewable-energy-certificate--rec--in-india/ 24-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction Climate change means a change or variation in climate which is caused by an anthropogenic activity that alters the configuration of the earth’s environment and which is besides natural climate variability detected over certain periods1 under UNFCCC Article 1(2) Definitions and It is a serious environmental issue worldwide. It is mostly caused by the atmospheric build-up of Green House Gases (GHGs). Global fluctuations in the concentration of carbon dioxide are mainly

..]]> It is scientifically well proven facts that carbon dioxide is the main cause of greenhouse gas emission by burning of fossils fuels. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) empower the parties to curb greenhouse gas emissions from the diverse industries by elaborating the mechanisms of Clean Development Mechanism Joint Implementation, and Emission Trading. This has created an international market for carbon trading. The paper addresses the global and

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/a-study-on-species-distribution-and-diversity-of-macro-fauna-of-river-tawa---a-tributary-of-river-narmada-in-madhya-pradesh--india/ 12-02-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction River ecosystems are most important lotic fresh water habitats for many aquatic animals and benthic animals are one of these animal. Benthic animals are generally found in both of fresh water habitats i.e. – lotic habitats and lentic habitats. Benthos spends their whole life in bottom of aquatic ecosystem because of their feeding nature. Basically they are detritus feeders and divided in to two types – microzoobenthos and macrozoobenthos. Macro benthos are t

..]]> This study is aimed to collect information about the macrofauna diversity of Tawa River. The Tawa River joins to Narmada at district Hoshangabad (Madhya Pradesh). During the study 8 sites were selected for the investigation . collections of samples were done from the eight sampling sites of the river. Collected samples were identified up to species level and their diversity and richness were analyzed. Shannon index for diversity and margalef index for richness were used for the study.Total 48 ta

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/characterization-and-antibiotic-susceptibility-pattern-of-bacteria-isolated-from-waste-dumping-site-in-ujjain-city--india/ 09-03-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction This era has witnessed tremendous increase in generation of municipal solid waste. The major reasons for this increase are continuous increase of population, rapid urbanization and escalation in living standards due to the rise of economy1,2. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a heterogeneous mixture and consists of biodegradable and non biodegradable components. The biodegradable waste mainly comprises food waste, paper, leaves, wood trimming, textile, leather etc., while non biod

..]]> Municipal solid waste management is an important problem faced by all the developing cities. In most of the cities, municipal solid waste collected from different areas of the city is dumped into the dumping grounds where it is incinerated, used for landfill or left on the ground for self-degradation. In this study soil samples were collected from waste dumping site in Ujjain and 63 bacterial cultures were isolated and identified using serial dilution method. The antibiotic susceptibility patter

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/environmental-concerns-for-emergence-and-reemergence-of-novel-viral-infectious-diseases--implications-for-sars-cov-2-and-other-pathogens/ 18-01-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction A great challenge in biology is finding the truth behind unsolved mystery of the emergence of zoonotic pathogens. Many pathogens emerged and reemerged in the past; and estimates suggest that one new pathogen emerged every 18 months. Majority of the new pathogens had zoonotic origin in wildlife.1 Environmental changes play a great role in the emergence of certain infectious diseases and their possible reemergence, mostly in regions with high biodiversity and long term unresolved

..]]> The existing COVID-19 pandemic is an anthropogenic disaster which looked inevitable, because despite repeated natural warnings no attention was paid to them. Recently many viral zoonotic infections – caused by SARS-CoV-1, Ebola and Nipah, to name a few – happened that became public health emergency. The most recently discovered zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the contemporary humanitarian disaster. When a virus undergoes zoonotic transmission, the humans begin to respo

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/qualitative-assessment-of-perception-on-gift-tilapia-farming--an-analytical-perspective-for-better-dissemination-and-adoption/ 19-01-2021 2021-04-28 Introduction GIFT has many benefits for small – scale farmers and resource poor consumers. They allow farmers a greater return on their investment and as per the WorldFish report2&3, Genetically Improved Farm Tilapia (GIFT), is one of the most farmed aquaculture fish in Bangladesh and is helping households with an income and consistent supply of fish for consumption. Africa has gained substantial socio-economic benefits by the adoption of GIFT culture technology including

..]]> GIFT Tilapia a fast growing fish and candidate species used for short term profitable fish farming. The farm level adoption of GIFT Tilapia farming technology has not increased significantly, given its relative advantage over the carps such as easily grown in wide range of water quality parameters, better growth in higher stocking densities and short period for weight gain. Therefore, the study attempts to analyse the perception about GIFT Tilapia Farming among the Fish Farmers and Prospective f

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/elemental-characteristics-of-respirable-particulate-matter-in-the-urban-atmosphere-of-dehradun--uttrakhand--india/ 2021-02-01 2021-04-28 Introduction Particulate matter is complicated mixture of fine particulates and liquid droplets. Its contains acids, organic chemicals, metals and dust particles. Due to rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, the aerosol load in the atmosphere has reached a threshold limit in most of the cities in India1. Uttarakhand state in the northern part of India has high tourist activity due to its diverse landscape, religious places and high biodiversity2. Dehradun city in the state of Uttarakhan

..]]> To evaluate the ambient air quality of the Dehradun city, respirable particulate matter was collected using respirable dust sampler (RDS) and analysed for the heavy metal content using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The morphology of particulates were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the elemental composition was determined through SEM- energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Particulate matter mass concentration ranged from 65.00 µg m-3 to 337.33 &micro

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol16no1/enhanced-removal-of-organic-pollutants-and-reactive-dye-in-polyethersulfone-submerged-membrane-bioreactor--pes-smbr--for-textile-wastewater/ 2021-02-16 2021-04-28 Introduction Textile is one of the major industrial sectors in the world which requires huge amounts of consumables for different processes such as dyeing, washing, sizing, finishing and rinsing that consists of many types of chemical reagents include i.e. polyurethane, polyamide, phosphates, softening agent, stiffening agents and chelating agents 1. During textile processing, a large quantity of textile wastewater has been produced. The wastewater generated from textile processing is highl

..]]> The present investigation was carried out to assess the operation of a pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) for the treatment of reactive dye and textile wastewater. The operation of SMBR model was conducted by using a polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fibre membrane with continuous flow mode at different HRTs at 8, 6 and 4 h, for 90 days. During the entire operation, the average permeate flux, TMP, F/M ratio and OLR was found to be 19 (L/m²/h), 2.6 (psi), 0.10 (g BOD/(g MLSS&am

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