mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/threats-to-himalayan-ecosystem-due-to-long-range-transport-of-air-pollutants-and-land-use-changes/ 24-04-2019 2019-05-20 Dear Readers I am glad to present before you the April 2019 issue of the journal. I thank all the reviewers, editors and the journal office for their cooperation in the timely publication of the issue. This issue includes diversified articles covering emerging research topics. The theme of this editorial is the threats to the Himalayan Ecosystem which is threatened by expanding local anthropogenic activities and transported pollution. The energy and food needs of mankind have significant i

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..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/natural-processes-of-plants-to-maintain-a-cool-environment-and-aerobic-conditions/ 25-04-2019 2019-05-21 Various natural disasters sourced land and oceans in many places on the face of the earth has been much to release lives and damage the material. The cause may be pure natural dynamics, as does the evolution of the continental and oceanic formations millions of years ago. Natural dynamics can also be triggered by human activities, such as climate change due to global warming, caused by the use of energy and material for life activities. These events are networks of causes and effects, so complex

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..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/citizen-science-as-a-tool-for-environmental-scientists-and-conservation-managers/ 01-05-2019 2019-05-28 Promoting the publics’ ability and desire to use scientific information in the course of daily living is a goal for many science educators and scientific researchers. Reaching this goal, however, requires not only a general understanding of scientific concepts but also a keen understanding of how scientific evidence and claims are generated. Data regarding the public’s ability to generate and interpret data important for environmental concepts are currently lacking (see, for

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..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/an-overview-of-atmospheric-reactive-nitrogen-research--south-asian-perspective/ 06-04-2019 2019-05-24 Introduction In spite of frequent and significant alterations in the past, the earth’s environment has been amazingly constant for the past ten thousand years.1,2 This period is known as Holocene. In the Holocene epoch, nature driven the environmental change, by virtue of that regular temperature, biogeochemical flow, and freshwater availability, all confined within a comparatively narrow range, which allowed human development. But ever since the industrial revolution, the

..]]> The unprecedented increase in Nr is causing several environmental problems such as eutrophication, ozone depletion and climate change etc. Excessive Nr creation is also responsible for poor plant and human health, soil acidification, groundwater contamination etc. Inhabiting ~ one-fourth population of the world and sharing only 4.9% of land of the total global landmass, the South Asian region consumes 60% of the total global fertilizer nutrient. India is the largest consumer of synthetically pro

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/rainfall-runoff-modeling-using-mike-11-nam-model/ 26-04-2019 2019-05-22 Introduction While modelling the rainfall-runoff process of a basin it is to be noted that this process is highly nonlinear and time-varying. Such properties of this hydrological process indicate that it is always a challenging task to describe it by simple models. In reality, the response of a catchment show high temporal variability throughout the year and this variability depends on rainfall pattern (both temporal and spatial), evaporation, catchment characteristics and many other hydrolog

..]]> River basin planning and management are primarily based on the accurate assessment and prediction of catchment runoff. A continuous effort has been made by the various researchers to accurately assess the runoff generated from precipitation by developing various models. In this paper conceptual hydrological MIKE 11 NAM approach has been used for developing a runoff simulation model for Arpasub-basin of Seonath river basin in Chhattisgarh, India. NAM model has been calibrated and validated using

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/assessment-of-spatial-and-temporal-variation-of-water-quality-in-mid-hills-of-north-west-himalayas--a-water-quality-index-approach/ 2019-05-09 Introduction Water, the most precious resource of the planet earth assumes vital importance for sustainable environmental health in the present century because of its persistent exploitation across the globe. The deterioration of groundwater and surface water quality is alarmingly high.1 Typically water gets contaminated by various factors such as the population explosion, rapid urbanization and agricultural development, which are continuously contributing to the degradation of the water sour

..]]> Today, the quality of drinking water across the globe has become an environmental concern because of its degradation due to urbanization, industrialization, transportation etc. Solan, a rapidly developing district and an industrial hub, in the recent past has faced water borne diarrhoeal disease outbreaks. Therefore, the study was undertaken to assess the water quality of disease burden regions during monsoon and post monsoon seasons. pH of the water sources was in the range of 6.92- 7.43 and wa

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/bioplastics--ndash--an-eco-friendly-alternative-to-petrochemical-plastics/ 2019-05-06 2019-05-31 Introduction Plastics are used in varied applications and have become an integral part of our society. The global cumulative production of plastics for the past 13 years is half the plastics produced from 1950 onwards.1 The global plastic production is also expected to increase in the future. The increasing rate of global plastic consumption for the next 20 years is anticipated to reach the production levels of more than 600 metric tonnes.2 It is an undeniable reality that our mother earth is

..]]> Plastics have varied application and have become an essential part of our daily lives. The use of the plastics has increased twenty-fold in the past half-century and is expected to double again in the next 20 years. As a global estimate, around 330 million tonnes of the plastics are produced per annum. The production, use and disposal of the plastics emerged as a persistent and potential environmental nuisance. The improper disposal of the plastics ends up in our environment, resulting in the de

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/an-assessment-of-vulnerability-of-fishers-livelihood-to-climate-change-in-coastal-odisha--india/ 2019-03-23 2019-05-09 Introduction Experts opine climate change adversely impacts multiple sectors challenging the livelihood and food security of high natural resource-dependent communities, especially fishing communities and fishery-based livelihoods.1 Marine fishery is susceptible to a wide range of climate change implications, which range from ecological impacts, like loss of coastal wetlands, coral bleaching, increased acidification of oceanic water, changes in freshwater inflow,2 to human side impacts, such

..]]> A study was conducted in Odisha, a state on the east coast of India, with the objective of assessing the vulnerability of fishers’ livelihood to climate change. The state was chosen for study since it is considered as one of the most vulnerable states due to climate change. A total of 120 fishers were interviewed from two districts, Balasore and Ganjam, to assess their livelihood vulnerability by considering their exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to climate change. A composi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/downscaling-of-precipitation-using-multiple-linear-regression-over-rajasthan-state/ 2019-05-09 2019-05-27 Introduction The natural as well as socioeconomic variability of state Rajasthan which includes water resource management, agriculture, forestry, tourism etc. are highly influenced by a key component of hydrological cycle i.e. precipitation. Therefore, it is necessitated for predicting future precipitation change since it is an input for climate impact model to assess the consequences of global change in the climate. GCMs under climate input model often found inadequate due to the limited dep

..]]> Statistical downscaling method is mainly practised to relate atmospheric circulation to surface variables for forecast and prediction of the regional climate. As we know in Rajasthan drought is the foremost problem due to scanty of rainfall. The core objective of the present study stands to prognosis rainfall variation also assess the recital of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) to access the variation in rainfall. The data were analyzed using higher resolution atmospheric data which includes dai

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/environmental-impact-assessment-and-environmental-management-plan--a-case-study-of-kachchh--gujarat--india/ 2019-04-02 2019-05-09 Background Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) alludes to the monitoring of the effects liable to emerge from a noteworthy task (or other activity) essentially influencing the normal and man-made condition.1 The official evaluation of the feasible impacts of a proposed strategy, program or venture on the earth; options in contrast to the proposition; and measures to be received to ensure nature.2 EIA is a procedure for advising chiefs of the potential ecological results of improvement optio

..]]> This case study outlines some noteworthy features of the process of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plant (EMP) of Deendyal (Kandla) Port Trust (DPT) and Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation (GMDC) lignite mines, Kachchh, Gujarat, India. These key viewpoints incorporate task depiction, options, checking, portrayal of the earth, open cooperation, biophysical impacts, social effects, sway essentialness, total impacts evaluation, observing, and introduction, wh

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/a-study-of-change-in-rainfall-pattern-in-anand--middle-gujarat--in-the-last-60-years--1958-2017-/ 03-05-2019 2019-05-27 Introduction India’s economy is dependent on the agricultural production, which in turn is dependent one of the monsoon rainfall and its distribution. The year to year fluctuation in rainfall as well as the fluctuation within the monsoon season governs the crop growth, development and yield. Earlier studies on rainfall probability in India have been carried by many workers (Singh et al., 2009; IMD, 2010 and Halikatti et al., 2010). Rainfall, the main driver of the hydrological cycle

..]]> The analysis of rainfall records for long period provides information about rainfall pattern and variability. The long term monthly rainfall data for the period 1958-2017 (60 years) was studied. And also rainfall studies are the utmost utility for understanding the nature and behaviour of climate change. In this study, trends in rainfall, maximum rainfall intensity and rainy day for 1958-2017 were examined. Long term data analysed for 60 years (1958-2017) annual data suggest that there is a sign

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/effects-of-hoovering-activities-on-biological-contaminants-and-particulate-matter-levels-in-main-prayer-halls-of-malaysian-mosques/ 2019-03-06 2019-05-11 Introduction Problems with indoor air quality are important risk factors of human health in low-, middle and high-income countries.1,2 The concentrations of certain pollutants in indoor air may be 2 to 5 times and occasionally more than 100 times higher than those in outdoor air.3,4 An indoor environment has numerous emission sources, such as materials, temperature, humidity, ventilation, air exchange between outdoor and indoor environments, human activities,5, 6 topography, micro-en

..]]> In Malaysia, carpets are commonly used as finishing flooring material in the main prayer hall of mosques. In cleaning carpets, hoovering has been the most popular method, but it directly triggers the uplifting of dust that may contain bacteria and fungi. Hoovering activities and ventilation strategies (air conditioning split units (ACSUs) or by active ventilation (non-ACSUs)) can affect the prevalence of bacterial and fungal growth. This study aimed to establish the total bacterial counts, total

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/effect-of-idol-immersion-activities-on-the-water-quality-of-urban-lakes-in-bengaluru--karnataka/ 2019-03-18 2019-05-09 Introduction Urban lakes are inland aquatic systems supporting ecosystem through biodiversity sustenance and acts as a source of water in lean season. Recently, urban lakes are in the merge of extinction due to encroachments, siltation as well as eutrophication from domestic and industrial effluents.1 The lakes in Bengaluru are also facing similar problems as indicated by satellite images and information available with Survey of India.1,2 These are subjected to varying degrees of degradation

..]]> Immersion of painted idols and dumping of organic wastes in the lakes, as a part of religious activities, are immensely adding to water quality deterioration. Incorporation of alkaline, alkali-earth metals and heavy metals through the idol-making paints are likely to promote the hardness and heavy metal concentration of water in these surface water bodies, and therefore, deteriorate the water quality. In this purview, periodic analysis of Nagavara and Ulsoor lake water was carried out to investi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/comparative-evaluation-of-chemical-composition-of-commercially-available-windrow-compost-sample-and-privately-prepared-in-vessel-compost-samples/ 2019-04-22 2019-05-20 Introduction In agrarian countries like Pakistan, the amount of organic waste in solid waste is up to 75%. Most of the organic waste is dumped into dumping site without any segregation.1 Considering the lower economic status of Pakistan’s farming community, high capital investment often leads to lower quantity application. These are the reasons why the application of organic soil inputs even over a period of years has not been able to regenerate healthy soil to attain sustainable pr

..]]> In developing countries like Pakistan the organic waste production is comparatively high. Composting is a good option to overcome problems related to management of organic waste. Compost produced from solid waste should be according to the standards set for soil to ensure beneficial results in plants. The objectives of the study were to determine the quality of compost used in agricultural lands in different areas of country.In the study area the commercially available compost is prepared by win

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/suitability-assessment-of-sirsa-river-water-for-irrigation-in-shiwalik-foothills-of-north-western-himalaya/ 26-04-2019 2019-05-22 Introduction Rivers are a much-valued feature of the natural ecosystem as these perform numerous vital functions. However, owing to its indiscriminate utilization due to the population explosion and various developmental activities, this vital resource is now under tremendous pressure. Additionally, a meeting of diverse water necessities for irrigation, human and industrial consumption has become a challenge. Further, the rapidly expanding industrialization and urbanization have also exhauste

..]]> Sirsa river runs through the central part of the Baddi Barotiwala Nalagarh (BBN) industrial region in district Solan of Himachal Pradesh. The water of this river is used for irrigating agricultural fields by the farmers. The increased industrial and urbanization activities in the valley are being pointed out as the cause of river water pollution by the farmers and other habitations in the region. Therefore, such reports prompted the idea to conduct this study to assess the river water suitabilit

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol14no1/mppt-for-photovoltaic-system-located-in-latakia-province---syria-by-using-genetic-algorithm/ 2019-05-03 2019-05-22 Introduction Renewable energy is not only an alternative clean and environmentally friendly source of energy, but rather it is a real need especially during large scale crisis due to the possibility of its local control and operation. Photovoltaic (PV) systems, among other renewable and new energy sources, can be considered as the most available renewable source in Syria. However, maximum harvested energy due to the nonlinearity in PV module characteristics of PV system is not fixed, but r

..]]> The use of renewable resources for energizing the modern power systems has recently increased due to its sustainability and low operating costs. Photovoltaic (PV) system appears to be a good solution due to the fact that it can be established and operated locally. However, the maximum output power of these systems is usually achieved by using the maximum sun and power point (MPP) tracking techniques. This paper suggests a novel genetic algorithm (GA)-based technique to obtain the maximum output

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