mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/assessment-of-salinity-and-fluoride-in-groundwater-of-semi-arid-region-of-punjab-india/ 2017-02-12 2018-11-21 IntroductionThe rapid increase in the population accompanied by intense agricultural and urban development has caused a high demand for groundwater resources. This has led to large scale groundwater development, as well as water quality issues and sometimes without responsible management as well as without due attention to quality issues.2 Fluoride (F-) is one of the most undesired elements present in underground water extracted for drinking purposes and its presence higher than the pre

..]]> Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in Southwestern semi-arid region of Punjab, India which is now facing severe salinity and fluoride (F-) problems. A study was carried out in the Bathinda district of southwest semi-arid region of Punjab to assess the salinity and F- concentrations. Groundwater samples from 21 locations were analyzed, and 59% were found to exceed the permissible electrical conductivity (EC) limit of 1500 µS/cm1. Fluoride concentrations exceeded the WHO (2008)1 pe

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/water-quality-investigation-by-physicochemical-parameters-of-satluj-river-himachal-pradesh-india/ 2017-01-26 2018-11-23 IntroductionWater is one of the most important and abundant compounds of the ecosystem. All living organisms on the earth need water for the irsurvival and growth1and2 The quality of water usually described by its physical, chemical and biological characteristics.4and6 India is facing a serious problem of natural resources scarcity, especially that of water in view of population growth and economic development.3,7and12 Most of fresh water bodies all over the world are getting polluted,

..]]> Present investigation was carried out on Satluj river in Himachal Pradesh for the analysis of important physical and chemical water quality parameters during November, 2015 to February, 2016. Parameters such as turbidity, total alkalinity, pH, conductivity, magnesium hardness, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved carbon dioxide, total hardness, chloride, phosphate, nitrate and calciumwere analyzed from five sampling stations i.e. First Sampling Station (SS-1) �

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/climate-change-projection-in-kashmir-valley-jandk/ 2017-02-25 2018-11-22 IntroductionThroughout the previous century, rise in temperature and surge in CO2 concentration because of innumerable factors comprising alteration land usage pattern4 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emanations from agricultural and industrial zone,8 have caused variations in the earth’s climate. This surge in the GHG’s emanation is expected to impact the earth’s temperature, precipitation, pattern of storms and sea levels.3,1,6 The noticeable impacts of the variabilit

..]]> The decision support tool viz. SDSM (Statistical Downscaling Model) was used to downscale climate data of future years for Kashmir province of Jammu & Kashmir state. The 21st century projected data for the A1B scenario was adjusted by using observed climatic data recorded during the period 1985-2015 for the region. The data from the same period was taken as the baseline for the analysis. This data was thereon analyzed for monthly, seasonal, cropping season and annual periods to enumerate the

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/study-of-adsorption-phenomena-by-using-almond-husk-for-removal-of-aqueous-dyes/ 2017-02-28 2018-11-23 IntroductionWaste water from industries represents a challenge to biological and conventional physicochemical treatment methods considering for both effluent composition and volume of discharged.1 Among various industries, textile industries waste water discharge is a major environmental problem throughout the world, because it contains various synthetic dyes which lead to environmental pollution.2 It has been considered that using of more than 10,000 (worldwide) commercial dye

..]]> Among air and soil, water pollution is considered as an important one. Deterioration of water resources by the addition of various pollutants leads to the major threat to water quality and use of water for domestic purpose which leads to unaesthetic. For the plants, animals and human beings dyes are considered as most hazardous among various water pollutants. The present paper describes the adsorption behaviour of adsorbent almond husk with respect to dyes of Crystal violet, Bromocresol green, P

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/estimating-inside-air-temperature-of-a-glasshouse-using-statistical-models/ 2017-02-09 2018-11-21 IntroductionThe growth of plants inside glasshouses is often necessary in order to create marketable plant products out of season. Glasshouses are entirely or partially closed constructions, in which there is manual or automatic control and regulation of the values of meteorological parameters for fulfilling the requirements of the cultivated plant species.1 One of the key factors that impacts glasshouse plant production is inside air temperature (T).2 The estimation of this pa

..]]> The efficiency of applying linear regression (LR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models to estimate inside air temperature (T) of a glasshouse (37o48΄20΄΄N, 23o57΄48΄΄E), Lavreotiki, was investigated in the present work. The T data from an urban meteorological station (MS) at 37058΄55΄΄N, 23o32΄14΄΄E, Athens, Attica, Greece, about 30 Km away from the glasshouse, were used as predictor variable, taking into account the actual time of measuremen

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/statistical-trend-analysis-of-rainfall-in-amaravathi-river-basin-using-mann-kendall-test/ 2017-03-08 2018-11-23 IntroductionLife on earth cannot be sustained without water. Among the components of the hydrological cycle, rainfall is considered as the principle source of water to earth. In India, rainfall shows very high spatial and temporal variability. The mean yearly precipitation ranges from under 100 mm in the western Rajasthan to more than 2500 mm in north-eastern territories.1 A large portion of the precipitation in India happens affected by southwest storm between June to September with th

..]]> The present study aims to detect the trends in annual and seasonal rainfall and its magnitude in Amaravathi basin, Tamil Nadu. In this study, the mean annual and seasonal rainfall in 10 rain gauge stations of Amaravathi basin have been analysed to determine the trend and its magnitude for the period of 1982-2014. The trend analysis is done using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator. The trend analysis results showed wide variations during all the seasons. The increasing trend of rainfall is

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/impact-of-micro-climatic-variations-on-forest-ecosystem-in-mid-hills-of-himachal-pradesh/ 2017-03-11 2018-11-22 IntroductionForest cover act as buffer and creates a specific understory microclimate that differs from the surrounding local climate.1 Monitoring the microclimatic data in various micro-habitats of different ecosystems would provide unique data on the long-term impact of global change on microclimate changes.2 As microclimatic variations effects are usually stronger during summer and the middle of the day in different types of forests.3-4 Microclimatic variations unde

..]]> A study was carried out on “Impact of micro-climatic variations on forest ecosystem in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh” during winter and summer seasons of 2015-16. Comparisons of below forest canopy and open sites were carried out for abiotic and biotic factors under five forest ecosystems (chir pine forest, mixed forest, ban oak forest, agriculture field and bare area) and analysed the forest influence on local winter and summer climate according to forest type, soil type, slope orientation,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/healthcare-waste-management-the-current-issue-in-menellik-ii-referral-hospital-ethiopia/ 2017-03-30 2018-11-21 IntroductionHospital could be a place of almighty, an area to serve the patient. Since starting, the hospitals are legendary for the treatment of sick persons. However we are unaware the concerned the adverse effects of the rubbish and filth generated by them on land and atmosphere.1 The last century witnessed the fast mushrooming of hospital within the public and private sector, set by the requirements of increasing population combined with the arrival and acceptance of “disposable m

..]]> Healthcare wastes generated in Hospitals from medical activities have not given sufficient attention. In developing countries, healthcare wastes are still handled and disposed indiscriminately creating an immense threat to the public health and the environment. This situation is much worse in Ethiopia where there is paucity of convincing evidence about healthcare waste generation rate and management system. A crossectional study was conducted in Menellik II hospital to evaluate the healthcare wa

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/ecological-studies-of-barwala-link-canal-in-narwana-region-haryana/ 2017-03-29 2018-11-23 IntroductionHaryana is the northwest state of India and located between 27º39’ to 30º35’N latitude and between 74º28’ to 77º36’E longitude. It’s climate is arid to semiarid with average rainfall of 354.4 mm. Around 29% rainfall is received during the monsoon season (July to September) and remaining is received during winter season (December to February). To cultivate the land, irrigation depends upon the canals. The two main canals which are operating in the state include Bhakra ca

..]]> The present paper deals with the monthly variations in physico-chemical characteristics and planktonic diversity of Barwala Link Canal which link the Bhakra Main Canal with Sirsa Branch of Western Yamuna Canal in Narwana Region, Haryana. Surface water samples were collected on monthly basis and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters (water temperature, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, biochemical oxygen

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/assessment-of-groundwater-quality-of-agra-district-for-the-irrigation-purpose/ 2017-03-30 2018-11-23 IntroductionGroundwater is an important source of fresh water supply for use in domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors in major part India. Inconsistent monsoon rainfall, deficient surface water and over draft of groundwater resources inspire to acquire knowledge of the occurrence, replenishment, and recharge of groundwater7. Increase in demand for water has led to the water scarcity and water quality deterioration in Indo-Gangetic basin2-6. Indiscriminate development of groundwater is no

..]]> Groundwater quality of Agra district has been assessed considering twelve water quality parameters viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), chloride (Clˉ), bicarbonate (HCO3ˉ), sulfate (SO4²Ë‰), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca⁺⁺), magnesium (Mg⁺⁺) and sodium (Na⁺).  Data on groundwater quality of fifteen blocks of the Agra district were collected for nine years (2006-2014) from the Ground Water Department, Gove

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/structure-and-floristic-composition-of-existing-agroforestry-systems-in-fatehpur-district-of-uttar-pradesh-india/ 2017-03-29 2018-11-23 IntroductionThe land use pattern is one of the important aspects for analyzing the structure, composition and phyto diversity for understanding the vegetation dynamics of the existing sites. The farmers have adopted the trend of growing trees around agricultural land due to significant economics as well as social benefits. But it will be worthwhile to work out an integrated approach with the help of agricultural and forestry scientists, depending on the suitability of crops and locations.15&

..]]> The floristic-composition and structure study of existing agroforestry systems was carried out in the farmer’s fields of village Dariyapur (Site-I) and Alampur (Site-II) at Fatehpur district (Uttar Pradesh) during 2008-2010. The quantitative characteristics of vegetation were determined by the quadrat method. The floristic diversity study was made by adopting random sampling approach, under which, 20 quadrates of 10 m x 10 m were laid down. The density, frequency, abundance, IVI, Species –di

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/visitors-experiences-in-different-zoo-exhibits/ 2017-04-10 2018-11-23 IntroductionZoos are the places that enable human-animal interaction and they are visited by more than 700 million people annually1,2. Zoos, as places that help public to learn through reflecting the relationships of animals in nature3-8, have the important mission of educating and protecting wild life9. These missions can largely be achieved with the help of successful visitor experiences. Therefore, it is significant to understand visitor experiences in the zoo and to know the reasons that aff

..]]> Zoos help people to learn through exhibiting the relationships of animals in nature. Therefore, they have the important missions of education and protection of wild life. Most of these missions are achieved through visitors' experiences in exhibit areas. Therefore, it is important to understand visitors' experiences in the zoo and know the reasons that affect these experiences. Animals should exhibit normal behaviors actively to enable visitors to have positive experiences during their

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/butterfly-diversity-in-lateritic-biotope-of-kavvayi-river-basin-kerala-india/ 2017-04-13 2018-11-23 IntroductionThe midland exposed laterite biotope associated with diverse ecosystems and microhabitats represents the most imposing and extremely threatened topographical floristic and faunistic features in the northern part of Kerala. Lateritic hills of the study area are unique with high microhabitat diversity and associated rich floral components.1 The diversity of plants, habitats, topography and climates influence distribution, diversity and abundance of butterflies2,3 and they are

..]]> A study on butterfly diversity of lateritic biotopes of Kavvayi River Basin was conducted during February 2013 to January 2015. The study area represents diverse habitats that include sacred groves, laterite hills, riparian ecosystem, and kanams. A total of 140 species butterflies were recorded from the study area, among which the highest number of butterfly species were from the family Nymphalidae (48 species), followed by Hesperiidae (32 species), Lycaenidae (27 species), Papilionidae and Pier

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/analysis-of-long-term-temperature-trend-for-madhya-pradesh-india-1901-2005/ 2017-04-09 2018-11-23 IntroductionAfter precipitation, the temperature is found to be an essential meteorological parameter of climate. It is also considered as a good indicator to understand the global climate as it signifies the exchange of energy process over the surface of the earth with proper accuracy (Shukla et al., 2015 and Jhajharia & Singh., 2011). In 2007, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated the growing tendencies of temperature is about 0.74°C of mean temperature in past 100 y

..]]> The paper examines the impact of climatic change on the mean temperature time series for Pre-monsoon (Mar-May), Monsoon (Jun-Sept), Post-monsoon (Oct-Nov), winter (Dec-Feb) and Annual (Jan-Dec) at 45 stations in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Impact detection is accomplished by using the Mann-Kendall method to find out the monotonic trend and Sen’s slope is method is to identify the grandeur of trend for the period 1901 to 2005 (105 years). Prior to the trend analysis prominence of eloque

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/impacts-of-coal-mining-a-review-of-methods-and-parameters-used-in-india/ 2017-04-16 2018-11-23 IntroductionCoal which is commonly called as the black gold of India contributes a major part to its commercial energy production and is widely used in the power industry to generate electricity. However, as compared to other fossil fuels, coal is more pollution intensive and the energy efficiency is very low.1 Moreover its transportation and combustion have deleterious consequences which are borne by the Indian society as well as the people around the world. A number of these

..]]> This review presents a systematic synthesis of the various methods and measures that have been used to investigate the effects of coal mining in India. A total of 87 peer-reviewed articles were collected for each year from 1970 to 2014 using a keyword based search. The articles compiled were analyzed and categorized according to the parameters addressed and the methodological approach adopted. Quantitative analyses were conducted to indicate the gap areas. Results indicate that research concerni

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/an-integrated-approach-of-remote-sensing-and-gis-for-land-use-and-land-cover-change-detection-a-case-study-of-banjar-river-watershed-of-madhya-pradesh-india/ 2017-04-15 2018-11-23 IntroductionManagement of natural resources and monitoring of environmental changes is one of the major factors essential for the formulation and implementation of proper land use plans for the development of any country. Land use and Land cover (LULC) change detection is an effective strategy which can be adopted for proper land use planning to determine the interactive effects of heterogeneity and disturbances occurring on the earth surface. Land cover can be defined as the observed (bio) phys

..]]> Land use and land cover of a region is one of the prime concerns in current strategies for the evaluationof the watersheds and development of decision making policies. An uncertain increase in the population of the country along with the increasing demands has imposed an immense pressure on the land threatening the sustainability of the natural resources especially in the developing countries like India. The study was carried out to detect the land use and land cover changes observed in the Banj

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/icp-ms-determination-of-trace-metals-in-drinking-water-sources-in-jazan-area-saudi-arabia/ 2017-03-13 2018-11-21 Introduction Pure drinking water is  one of the basic needs for  every human being in the world. For a large portion of the African and Asian populations, safe drinking water is not effectively accessible.1 Out of the 7 billion individuals on earth, more than one billion and half need to get pure and safe drinking water and around 2.7 billion do not have admittance to satisfactory sanitation administrations.2-3 Notwithstanding these deficiencies, different

..]]> Requisite reference facts about essential elements in treated and plastic bottled drinking water is usually mentioned on the products. However, more information is sometime crucial regarding trace elements in treated, bottled and other sources of drinking water such as tap water to evaluate their quality. This study is aimed to evaluate drinking water quality in the main governorates (Jazan, Sabya and Abu Arish) of Jazan province located in the South-Western region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/variation-of-some-water-quality-parameters-from-winter-to-summer-period-in-chittagong-karnafully-river-of-bangladesh/ 2017-04-14 2018-11-23 Introduction Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural based country within the south Asian region. Chittagong is the second largest and commercial capital in respect of developing and expanding among the cities of Bangladesh. Due to expedition of these city industrial activities, population growth, Agricultural practices, other manufactures, industrial effluents and oil and gas are discharged in a river named Karnafuly. Different estuary of river present in Bangladesh and among them Karnaf

..]]> A study has been conducted to investigate the variation of water quality parameters during January to June of 2014 in Karnafully River of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from January to June 2014 of each month in 5th day. Samples of water from three points of Karnafully Rive were collected and brought in laboratory for analysis and analyzed by using different standard prescribed methods. Total eight water quality parameters were measured like as pH, EC, TDS, Total Hardness,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/optimization-of-household-waste-collection-routes-using-gis-case-study-el-bousten-district-commune-of-sfax-tunisia/ 2017-04-03 2018-11-22 Introduction Waste management is a global environment issue, which constitutes a very significant problem in today’s world. Since improper waste management places inhabitants at risk, urban waste management is presently receiving greater attention from municipalities in developed and developing countries because of its impact on public concern for the environment1,2-3.There is a considerable amount of waste disposal without proper segregation, which is leading to both economic and e

..]]> This paper presents a method for optimizing the household waste collection system supported by Geographical Information System (GIS) tool for the sector 1of district El Bousten of Sfax commune, Tunisia. The ArcGIS Network Analyst based model is applied for the purpose of improving the collection process effectiveness, namely, the household collection bins’ reallocation along with the vehicles’ tour optimization procedure in terms of distance and time. Results indicated a redu

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/genetic-instability-by-mangroves-a-global-warming-threat-found-in-gulf-countries/ 2017-04-11 2018-11-23 Introduction Mangroves were productive and serve as a biologically significant component of the sea, land and tropical interface of subtropical regions.1 Mangroves serve as a chief component in planning of resource conservation.2 The mangroves in the gulf form a significant part on the basis of their occurrence from approximately 26°N in the border of Saudi Arabia.3 In order to evaluate the significance of mangroves in Gulf, a brief overview of the mangrove

..]]> The Mangroves are highly threatened by certain ecologically condition and there arise a need of critical management and protection of those species because of  vital role in protecting the coastal areas of their ecosystem. The diversity of these plants with respect to genetics is well understood but the genetic variations of those species in gulf countries were scattered on the basis of reports from literature. The main aim of the current review is to collect all the available literatur

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/application-of-geographical-information-system-to-understand-spatial-variability-of-soil-available-nutrients-in-northern-karnataka-india/ 2017-03-07 2018-11-23 Introduction The conventional method of soil fertility management consider entire fields as a single group of soil and also while calculating requirement of fertilizer as a single field. Recitation of soil spatial variability in the field has a huge difficulty, in the use of latest advanced tools and technologies Viz. Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and many others were commenced. Many scientists demonstrated in studies conducted at various locations, GI

..]]> It is very important to distinguish the spatial variability in soil fertility for site specific nutrient application. To know the status, 25 soil samples were collected from Vandurga Village, Yadgir District, Karnataka, India. Samples were analysed for electrical conductivity (EC), power of hydrogen (pH), organic carbon (OC), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P2O5) and Potassium (K2O). Further, SPSS (ver. 19) was used to execute conventional statistical analysis and ArcGIS to get the information about

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol12no1/trend-analysis-of-rainfall-variability-in-western-agro-climatic-zone-of-tamil-nadu/ 2017-04-10 2018-11-23 Introduction Trend analysis of rainfall on various scales (spatial and temporal) during the past century derived a vital importance, since the global climate change was studied with the past historical records. The event and uniform distribution of rainfall is considered as prime importance in scheduling and management of water requirement and agricultural production. The deviation in the amount of annual rainfall received in any place has great consequences in planning of irrigation

..]]> An analytical examination was done to work out the unevenness in point location and time to time variability in rainfall at Coimbatore and Erode district of Western agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu (India) for 100 years (1916-2015). Simple descriptive statistics along with Co-efficient of Variation (CV) were worked to understand the rainfall variability. The long term mean seasonal and annual rainfall analysis showed that South West Monsoon (SWM) rainfall observed was (176.9 mm) & (257.9

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