Current World Environment

Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Changing Adaptive Strategies in the Coastal Area of Lakshmipur District, Bangladesh

2016-09-07

IntroductionSince agriculture is the dominant sector of the economy of Bangladesh, climate change concerned a serious issue. This sector contributes roughly 20 percent to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), where crops representing 11.2 % , livestock 2.7 % , fisheries 4.5 %, and forestry 1.8 %.1-2 Furthermore, this sector provided about 50 % employment of the labor force during 2001 to 2010.1 Because of dependency on rain-fed, poverty, lack of skilled labor forces, inequitable

Tree Species Composition and Distribution Pattern in a Myristica Swamp of Northern Kerala, India

K. A. Sreejith, U. Chandrashekara, T. Nirmesh, V. Sreekumar — 2016-09-17

IntroductionBeing one among the global biodiversity hotspots, the Western Ghats harbors a diverse of habitats that support unique sets of flora and fauna. Myristica swamps are such a unique wetland ecosystem found in this region. These swamps, as their name indicates are characterised by the dominance of the members of family Myristicaceae represented with species like Gymnacranthera canarica, Myristica fatua, Myristica dactyloides, Myristica malabarica and Knema attenuata. Located in

Forecasting Runoff and Sediment Yield by ANN and Fuzzy Logic Algorithms for Kal River, India

K. D. Gharde, Mahesh Kothari, D. Mahale1 — 2016-09-10

IntroductionThe hydrological behaviour of a watershed assess on the basis of availability of water, vegetation and status of soil in relation to productivity. Accurate rainfall-runoff relationship predictions mostly depend on the availability of accurate data of rainfall and runoff. The several hydrologic models were adopted for prediction of runoff and sediment yield which cover from black-box neural network model to highly conceptualised physical based mathematical models (Porporato and Ridolf

Mycorrhizal Colonization Status and Rhizosphere Soil Properties of BCSIR Reserve Forest Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2016-09-22

IntroductionBangladesh faces lots of environmental as well as economic constraints, so it is urgent to formulate least expensive and simple methodologies for immediate benefit. Different technologically simple methods are available but Mycorrhizal technology can be one of the most impressive alternatives to improve environmental quality, forest products and farm profitability in different production systems in Bangladesh.1Mycorrhizal fungi increase absorption of water and transportation of miner

An Eco-Friendly Approach Towards Bleaching Process for Whitening of Kydia Calycina Fibres Instead of Hydrogen Peroxide

Tayyaba Fatma, Shahnaz Jahan — 2016-10-15

IntroductionThe textile wet processing during the entire production chain possesses serious problems related to environmental aspects such as air, water, land and human body. These problems create due to utilization of harmful and large number of chemicals.3 Pollutants in textile effluents include suspended solids, mineral oils and other organic compounds which are release from different parts of the textile manufacturing processes scouring, desizing, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, pri

Hybrid Linear Moments and ANFIS-GA to Predict Groundwater Salinity

Amir Jalalkamali — 2016-10-12

IntroductionGroundwater is the sole dependable source of consumption for drinking water, agriculture, and industry in dry and semi-dry regions. Evidently, quantity and quality of water resources during the next year is important in water resource management. Since 1950, Groundwater simulation has been used vastly for a better management of groundwater resources. Therefore, many researchers have tried to find more accurate models, considering the actual conditions. These models require plenty of

Current Groundwater Conditions in Alluvial Gangetic Plains of Haridwar District, Uttarakhand, India

Gopal Krishan, Surjeet , Anurag Khanna, R. Singh, N.C. Ghosh — 2016-10-31

IntroductionIncreasing demand of good quality water across all sectors has put an enormous pressure on groundwater an ubiquitous source of high-quality fresh water1 which has resulted in its continuous depletion and quality deterioration in Indo-gangetic plains.2-15 Indo-gangetic basin is one of the major aquifer systems of the World1 and southern component of Haridwar district in Uttarakhand forms the part of alluvial Indo-Gangetic plains. Upper Ganga Canal passing through the district

Application of Isotopes in Studying Lake Water – Groundwater Interactions in Parts of Tumkur District of Karnataka

M.S. Rao, L. Kumar, Gopal Krishan, C. Rangaraj, C. Kumar — 2016-11-08

IntroductionIt is apparent that development of either of land and water resources affects the quantity and quality of the other as surface water and groundwater interactions take many forms and can cause changes in quality of each other. Thus, effective land and water management requires a clear understanding of the linkages between groundwater and surface water and isotopes can be potential tool for this. The composition of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water bodies vary in time and space due

Delineation of Supply chain of Pangasius in India – A case of Andhra Pradesh

Pankajkumar Mugaonkar, Nalini Kumar, Gauri Shelar, R. Biradar, K. Rao — 2016-10-28

IntroductionPangasius was introduced in India during 1995-96 from Thailand through Bangladesh. Sturdy nature and its compatibility to polyculture made this fish popular for aquaculture. The Pangasius, has emerged as one of the major candidate species in freshwater aquaculture system of Andhra Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh is also the largest farmed– fish producing state in the country. Fish farmers of Andhra Pradesh have initiated the pond farming of Pangasius since the year 2004, with a view to div

Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Load in the Gut of Detritus Fishes: A Case Study of Pichavaram Mangrove Environment, Southeast Coast, India

V. Thangamani, N. Rajendran — 2016-10-20

IntroductionThe microorganism enters in to the digestive system of fish through food and environment and certainly not all bacteria in food which gain entry in the digestive tract of fishes establish themselves there.1 They play an important role in the formation of microbes in the digestive tract of fishes.2 The digestive tract of fish is rich in nutrient that provides favorable conditions for the growth of majority of bacteria that involved in the digestive process, growth and disease

Seasonal Variation in Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Sewage Water from Sewage Treatment Plants

Karthika Velusamy, J Kannan — 2016-10-26

IntroductionAll around the world, water scarcity is an increasing problem and it is interlinked with water contamination and pollution. As per WHO estimates, the average water use for a person is about 280 litres per day.19 After usage, the water is returned to environment as “wastewater”. This domestic wastewater from its origin to treatment system on its way blended with some of the industrial wastes, pharmacy wastes and also agricultural runoff and termed as “sewage water”. F

Vegetational analysis, carbon stock and regeneration potential of Myrica esculenta at different forest sites around Nainital

Pratibha Gwal, Neelu Lodhiyal, Y. Rawat, Bhawna Adhikari — 2016-10-28

IntroductionHimalaya is known as an abode of wild edible plants. Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don is sub temperate evergreen tree found throughout the mid-Himalaya, starting from about 1,300 m altitude and going up to about 2,100 m. M. esculenta belongs to family Myricaceae. Vernacular name of Myrica is Kaphal. M. esculenta is evergreen tree found in pine zone and lowest part of oak zone. In the Western Himalaya, the species occurs mainly in Pinus roxburghii forest, Quercus leucotr

Is That Environmental Factor Affected the Distressed Farmers’ Most!? - An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Constraint and Amelioration Strategies in National Calamity Hit Region of India

Sudhanand Lal, K.S. Kadian, Workneh Wodajo, Shruti — 2016-11-19

IntroductionThird world countries suffer from water, food, and health problems which are further aggravated by natural calamities.1 Coming to India, the subcontinent is extremely susceptible to major natural calamities viz., earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, floods, droughts, avalanches, storms, landslides, unseasonal torrential rains, hailstorm, lightning and bushfires. In 2015, 19.2 million people displacements by natural calamities worldwide in 113 countries but India bore the brunt f

Ethnobotanical Documentation of Wild Edible Plants Used by Gujjar Community of Tarai West Forest Division Ramnagar, Nainital, India.

Kailash Pandey, Neeta Pande — 2016-11-24

IntroductionUttarakhand, a Himalayan state of India, is known for its biodiversity as well as rich heritage of wild edible plants. Uttarakhand has a total area of 53,483 km2 of which 86% is mountainous and 65% is covered by forest.1 Forests play a very important role in the life of tribal as well as communities as they provide significant ecosystem services in the form of food, fodder, fruits, timber and medicine,2,3,4,5,6,7 etc.Wild edible plants are the major source of food f

Natural Resource Management in Eastern Himalaya: A case study of fringe Villages of Shergaon Forest Division, Arunachal Pradesh

Govinda Pangging, Madhubala , Chaman Sharma, Aribam Sharma — 2016-11-24

IntroductionNatural resource management (NRM) has been considered as one of the important social-cultural practices of the local community since time immemorial. It has been practiced worldwide for meeting the social, cultural and economic needs. The eastern Himalaya is world widely renowned as a biodiversity hotspot.1 The traditional knowledge system (TKS) of local people is unique and is used for managing the valuable natural resources.2,3 However, resource utilizat

Biomass and Carbon Stocks of Different Tree Plantations in Entisol Soil of Eastern Chhattisgarh India

Atul Bhardwaj, K. Chandra — 2016-11-23

IntroductionTrees play a vital role in mitigating the diverse effects of environmental carbon degradation and on reducing global warming. Trees promote sequestration of carbon into soil and plant biomass. Therefore, tree based land use practices could be viable alternatives to store atmospheric carbon dioxide due to their cost effectiveness, high potential of carbon uptake and associated environmental as well as social benefits.1 But due to large scale deforestation of natural vegetatio

General and Relative Growth Studies in Formulated Feed of Fresh Water Prawn M. Assamensis Peninsularis (Tiwari) from Kumaon Himalaya, Uttarakhand

Mamta Joshi, Nandkishor Ingole, H. C., N. Pandey — 2016-11-30

IntroductionThe present status of fresh water prawn production has been the interest of research and commercial enterprise in United States. The primary production techniques were well developed in the late 1950s in Malasiya, Israil and Hawai in last four decades.1 In India (1985) the prawn culture is developed as an industry, and many experimental programs were developed to make the prawn culture as a alternative to fish culture.At this time prawn culture is completely developed as ind

Bioremediation of Liquid Waste Oil Through Bioreactor: A Case Study

Hasmawaty — 2016-12-09

IntroductionIndonesia is one of the oil producers and consumer’s country. In 2014, Indonesia's oil production reached 289.878 million barrels.1 Indonesia's oil wells spread in several areas, both on land and sea. In the Province of South Sumatra, one of the regions that have oil wells is Prabumulih Municipality. In this city, oil drilling activity has begun in the 1950s by Pertamina, a state-owned Indonesian government, until today. In 2016, crude oil production in Prabumuli

Economic Analysis of the Hook and Line Fishery in Kombuthurai Coast, Tamil Nadu

2016-12-02

IntroductionMarine fishers use different type of crafts (boats) and gears (nets) for harvesting fish and its efficiency is significantly important for better income. Hook and line is a traditional gear which habitually operating in the motorized and mechanized vessels due to nature of the gear such as simple for construction, easy to operate and selective in nature.4 In the recent years, the practices of hook and line are fascinating amid fishers; it excels in capturing high market valu

Detection of Microcystin (Mcye) Gene in Recreational Lakes in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

Rohaslinda Mohamad, Mohd. Rafatullah, Tengku Yusof, Yi Sim, Norli Ismail — 2016-12-17

IntroductionCyanobacteria, or also known as blue-green algae are prokaryotes with unique characteristics. Unlike most prokaryotes, cyanobacteria consist of chlorophyll that enables them to obtain their nutrient mainly through photosynthetic action. Photosynthesis of the bacteria is important to provide atmospheric oxygen for other organism usage. Cyanobacteria are also important as a potential resource for renewable energy and natural products.1 However, excessive growth of cyanobacteri

Improvement of the Water-Energy Nexus and the Environmental Performance of Water Supply Systems Using Smart ICT Solutions

Jorge Helmbrecht, Matthias Maier, Esteban Morillo, Dirk KÃ¼hlers, Karl Roth — 2016-12-19

IntroductionWater supply systems face challenges in the fields of socio-economics, sustainability and resilience, including overuse due to population growth, underestimation of the value of water, lack of coordination among actors, operational issues (ageing, leakages, quality), increasing energy prices and the need to respond to climate change issues. These are, among others, aspects that water utility companies have respond by adapting their infrastructure and working procedures as well as by

Valorization of Some Untreated Low Cost Adsorbents for Water Pollution Control

Bashkim ThaÃ§i, Majlinda Daci-Ajvazi, Nexhat Daci, Salih Gashi — 2016-12-24

IntroductionThrough history, quality and quantity of water that was at human disposal, was adecisive factor for determining their welfare. At one time, clean fresh water supplies were considered inexhaustible. Only recently have we begun to understand that we will probably exhaust our usable water supplies and this can be directly attributed to human abuse in the form of pollution. Industrial activity alters the natural flow of materials and introduces novel chemicals into the environment which

Carbon Sequestration Potential and Edaphic Properties Along the Plantation Age of Rubber in Tripura, Northeastern India

Bal Choudhary, Koushik Majumdar, Badal Datta — 2016-10-07

Introduction The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). India is listed in Non-Annexure I parties without binding target. In recognition of the growing problem of Climate Change, India declared a voluntary goal of reducing the emissions intensity of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 20–25%, over 2005 levels, by 2020, despite having no binding miti

Occupational Health Surveillance: Lung Function Testing in Seafood Workers

2016-11-16

Introduction Labour tends to be divided along gender lines with men almost exclusively going out to sea to catch the fish and women doing the majority of on-land seafood processing. A considerable proportion of the workforce is seasonal. The degree of exposure to seafood is likely to be highest during the harvest season, which varies according to the seafood type, when most of the processing occurs. Occupational allergic reaction to seafood was first reported by De Besche, when he described a

Stream Flow Modeling for Ranganadi Hydropower Project in India Considering Climate Change

Manti Patil — 2016-12-17

Introduction Forecasting of daily, monthly or longer time interval stream flow is most important for the reliable operation of a water resources system. Reliable Stream flow forecast can allocate water efficiently for competing water users like hydropower generation, agricultural and domestic for maintenance of environmental flows. Various studies have been performed for impacts assessment of climate change on hydropower projects.1,2 The possible impact can be categorized into three

Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Methane Emissions from Flooded Rice

Sandeep Malyan, Arti Bhatia, Om Kumar, Ritu Tomer — 2016-12-13

Introduction Methane (CH4) atmospheric concentration has significantly rises due anthropogenic activity. Graedel and McRae1 presented first evidence that atmospheric concentration of CH4 is increasing. In agriculture submerged rice (Oryza sativa L.) soils are the major source of CH4 emission to atmosphere. Rice is second most consumed cereal in world after corn and out of total rice 90% is cultivated in Asia under irrigated conditions. Under continues standing water soil redox potent

Diversity and Community Composition of Zooplankton in Three Wetlands of Fatehabad, Haryana

Girish Chopra, Pooja Jakhar — 2016-11-30

Introduction Wetlands are the most productive ecosystem of the world comparable to coral reefs and rainforests.1 However, human activities like leaching of noxious liquids from solid waste deposits or untreated waste discharge reach a climax which has undesirable effects on aquatic environment.2 In addition, aquatic ecosystems are severely affected by anthropogenic activities. The use of various ecological methods is important to know the health status of an aquatic ecosyste

Estimation of Design Flood for Rivers of Saurashtra Region Contributing into the Gulf of Khambhat

Priyanka Kumari , Sushil Himanshu — 2016-10-29

Introduction Flood, a natural disaster is responsible for loss of life and property world over. Floods damage property and endanger the lives of humans and animals and also affect the environment and aquatic life negatively. Floods have been occurring repeatedly in India. Approximately 40 million ha area (12%) in India has been identified as flood prone.18 For mitigating the flood disasters, various structural and non-structural measures are adopted. Structural measures include prote