mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/urbansuburban-park-use-links-to-personal-identity/ 2015-05-20 2018-12-07 Introduction Green spaces provide human social and health benefits.1 They can also address broader ecological needs for local and regional benefit.2  With only one-fifth of the US population engaging in sports and recreation activity,3 green spaces are, on average, under used. In this note, we provide evidence showing that activity designers seeking to engage the public in green space could benefit from understanding park use and environmental literacy at t

..]]> Public greenspaces provide an opportunity for community members to engage with the outdoors. In many locations, however, parks are under used. In an effort to gauge the potential for outdoor interaction and ecosystem education, we conducted a survey of residents from a central New Jersey, USA, county. Our correlation analysis indicated that park use could be related to socioeconomics and in particular education, environmental literacy, pet ownership, outdoor enjoyment and preferred environment.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/soil-invertebrates-as-bio-monitors-of-toxic-metals-pollution-in-impacted-soils/ 2015-06-01 2018-12-06 Introduction From the advent of Agricultural to the Industrial revolution, the scale of natural resource exploitation has progressively exerted pressure on the environment, and the signs of ‘weakness’ have become very obvious. Consequently, ‘sustainable development’1, a global concept and panacea, is now in the front burner of all development issues. The concept recognizes the fact that human health and life are inextricably linked to a robust and healt

..]]> The bio-indicator potentials of two invertebrate species, Eudrilus eugeniae (earthworm) and Pachybolus ligulatus (millipede) in toxic metals impacted soils in Akwa Ibom State, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria were assessed. The study involved collection of Eudrilus eugeniae and Pachybolus ligulatus, and their site soil samples from different impacted and non-impacted soils in ten locations spread over four Local Government Areas. Toxic metals (Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cd) in soils and in the bio-i

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/geo-environmental-assessment-of-al-ramtha-soils-jordan/ 2015-07-29 2018-12-07 Introduction Soils are fundamental components of the ecosystem, the backbone of terrestrial ecosystems and contribute in several biogeochemical processes at air, soil and water Interfaces. Soils can absorb and degrade many types of extremely toxic substances (ETS) such as heavy metals. However its capacities are limited and sometimes may become contaminated (Wahsha et al., 2014a). Therefore, the soil quality and its productive capacity must be preserved and improved. The levels and spatial di

..]]> This study aims to characterize the pollution conditions by measuring the concentrations of selected heavy metals. It also intends to investigate the relations between soil genesis and lithology. This provides knowledge about the future of the agricultural development in the area and helps decision makers in the land use planning.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/potential-of-individual-and-cluster-tree-cooling-effect-performances-through-tree-canopy-density-model-evaluation-in-improving-urban-microclimate/ 2015-07-20 2018-12-06 Introduction The combination good natural elements and effective landscape design may provide the approach to create both sustainable urban development and desirable urban environment through the modification of urban microclimate. The modification can be targeted at four key microclimate components of the dynamic outdoor thermal cycle: wind velocity, humidity, temperature and radiation. A good quality landscape, with its own characteristics can be adapted on its technical and functionality t

..]]> Technically, trees can provide cooling effect and able to reduce ambient temperature in its own way. This paper investigates the potential of individual and cluster tree cooling effect performances in improving urban microclimate through the evaluation of urban trees canopy density. The evaluation is based on the actual measurement of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Leaf Area Density (LAD) and uses tested computer simulation tools ENVI-met. The study found that each tree has different capabilities in

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/prioritizing-energy-sources-to-generate-electricity-application-of-fuzzy-logic/ 2015-08-13 2018-12-06 Introduction Energy has an infrastructural role at the industrial economy life of communities. That is, if enough energy is available at the right time, economic development would be possible. On the other hand looking at the previous problems shows that a major competition has existed at the worldwide campaign to seize power. Because the national security and the stability of governing systems largely depend on access to these resources, Iran is among the world's richest countries

..]]> Organizations, institutions, and different sectors of manufacturing, services and agriculture are constantly making decisions. Each of the aforementioned sectors, have strategies, tactics, and various functions that play a basic role in reaching the objectives. On the other hand, energy demand in developing countries is increasing day by day. The exact calculation of the cost per unit of electricity generated by power plants is not easy. Therefore, this study according to four sources of natural

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/cluster-and-factor-analysis-of-groundwater-in-mafraq-area-jordan/ 2015-05-26 2018-12-06 Introduction The quality and quantity of water are effect on any water supply planning. . A wide range of statistical analysis and interpretation were  applied on groundwater data in recent years and this is due to huge number of physical and chemical variables ( Ali ,2010; Sanchez-Martos et al., 2001 and Suk & Lee, 1999 ). Cluster and factor analysis can applied to several fields of empirical investigation to study the quality of groundwater  (Ma, et al., 2013). It

..]]> Cluster and Factor analysis were performed on 55 well representative groundwater samples taken from Water Authority open files and samples during 2011. A total of 12 water variables data including, Na, Ca, K, Mg, CI, HCO3, SO4 and NO3 beside to chemical analysis like TC, TDS and PH were analyzed. The study finds that there are 2 factor  model variation : factor one include concentration of Na , k, Mg ,Cl , EC, TDS ,NO3 ,HCO3, Ca and SO4 ,where as factor 2 includes TC and PH . These 2 fa

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/using-fuzzy-logic-analysis-in-gis-and-fahp-method-for-parks-site-selection-in-urban-environment-case-study-region-7-tehran-municipality/ 2015-05-18 2018-12-06 Introduction Approximately half of people in the world live in urban areas.  One important element for their well-being and quality of life is the availability of urban green space. There are different ways in which urban green space can positively influence well-being and health. However, in most urban areas, and particularly in inner-city areas, green spaces are in insufficient supply (Kabisch and Haase 2011). Individual countries and/or cities have begun to take an increasing resp

..]]> The overall goal of this research is to determine the importance of affecting factors for site selection in parks and urban green spaces and also a suitable site selection for parks in the study area.  Methodology of this research is an analytic descriptive research. At first by using library and literature review and Delphi approach effective parameters in site selection of parks were extracted and then, pair wise comparison performed in FAHP method with relevant experts to determine s

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/comparative-study-of-daily-rainfall-forecasting-models-using-adaptive-neuro-fuzzy-inference-system-anfis/ 2015-07-18 2018-12-08 Introduction Rain is the most important phase of hydrologic cycle and prime requirement for living organism. It comes in different forms like fog, mist, drizzle, snow, sleet and glaze. The rain water in the form of soil moisture and groundwater are the most important requirements for agricultural production and social development in country like India where 68 per cent of total geographical are comes under the rainfed condition. India has adequate quantity water but uneven spatial distributio

..]]> The study was carried out to develop rainfall forecasting Models. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was used for developing Models rainfall of Udaipur city. Two data sets were prepared using 35 year of weather parameters i.e. wet bulb temperature, mean temperature, relative humidity and evaporation of previous day and previous moving average week were used to prepare case I and case II respectively. Gaussian and Generalized Bell membership functions were used to prepare mode

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/100-most-cited-articles-in-urban-green-and-open-spaces-a-bibliometric-analysis/ 2015-08-11 2018-12-06 Introduction In the context of urban studies, a great number of terms and definitions refer to “urban green and open space” (UGOS) such as open space, green space, public space, and urban greenery. Parks and public gardens, as the most well-known UGOS, are associated with amenity green spaces, having a high quality of landscape design and maintenance. On the other hand, experimental green spaces are often referred to as green feel, which users consciously or unconsciously

..]]> Researchers have contributed significantly to the development of the subject of urban green and open spaces (UGOS) in both practical and fundamental aspects. As the number of citations indicates a paper and author’s competency, the online web of science (ISI) was browsed to identify the 100 most cited papers in the field of UGOS from 1980 to 2013. Papers were analyzed for authorship, journal sources, publishers, institutions, countries, year of publication, categories, and author keywo

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/reconnecting-the-landscape-in-historical-cities-conceptual-analysis-of-historic-urban-landscape-approach-in-iran/ 2015-07-09 2018-12-06 Introduction Historic urban landscape is a consequence of dynamic interactions and interrelationships between physical, ecological, cultural and social factors in a causality based dynamic system. This open system includes various levels of subsystems and over systems (Jokilehto, 2010). The historic urban landscape and the urban cultural landscape offer parallel terminology for the same resources. Historic urban landscape and urban cultural landscape both address the entire townscape ensem

..]]> Historic Urban Landscape is the consequence of dynamic interrelationships between physical, ecological, and cultural factors in a causality based dynamic system. In recent years, urban development plans, inattentive to ecological and historical structures of landscape, have led to segregation of urban values. At a time of rapid urbanization, the conservation of historic cities is one of the most urgent challenges. Reviewing the principles and policies has led to a theoretical framework, based on

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/deterioration-and-degradation-of-aquatic-systems-due-to-brick-kiln-industries-a-study-in-cachar-district-assam/ 2015-05-30 2018-12-08 Introduction The brick kiln industries occupy a very significant place in the unorganised sector, confined mainly to rural and semi –urban areas. Small and medium sized traditional brick kilns are growing in cities of developing countries around the globe supplying the urban population with cheap construction material.1 Fired clay brick is one of the most important building materials in the country. There are no reliable estimates of brick makers in India. The current (2001

..]]> Brick industries are unorganised, rural, small scale industries in Cachar district of Assam which play an important role in economic development of the entire region. It has been observed during the study that these brick industries are responsible for large scale environmental problems like land degradation, air pollution, water quality degradation and loss of biodiversity. The present study deals with the quality of water in the selected brick kilns in Cachar district and its degradation durin

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/detecting-land-use-changes-affected-by-human-activities-using-remote-sensing-case-study-karkheh-river-basin/ 2015-06-03 2018-12-08 Introduction Changes in the surface of land are primarily result of natural ecological processes and human activities. Studying about these changes requires an interdisciplinary approach that is conducted in the field of tension between social and natural sciences (Keken et al, 2015). Among the factors which are caused significant changes on the earths land surface the land use changes are very important and they are probably the main cause of changes in global environment. Nowadays in many r

..]]> Population growth and abundant activities in order to achieve maximum well-being has forced human to make a lot of changes in the nature. These changes will be cost-effective when they have the minimum damage on the landscape. One of the activities that human did for obtaining the water and preventing flood was making the dam in the track of running water. Since the dam is established until its impoundment and after impoundment, the condition of ecosystem and the appearance of the upstr

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/dispersion-pattern-of-native-species-in-sal-forests-of-chhotanagpur-plateau-india/ 2015-07-17 2018-12-08 Introduction The dispersion pattern of individuals in inhabitants illustrates their spacing correspondingly to each other. The altered species and populations of the same species can reveal different dispersion patterns (Mishra and Anshumali, 2014). In common, dispersion pattern have one of three fundamental patterns: random, uniform (evenly spaced or hyper-dispersed), or clumped (aggregated or contiguous). Species characteristics such as territoriality, social behaviours, dispersal ability,

..]]> Changes in the dispersion pattern of native tree species were studied in Sal forests of Chhotanagpur plateau by selecting 1 hectare (ha) plot at four sites, located 2 to 10 km apart from each other. Each plot was divided into 100 quadrats each of 10 m x 10 m in size. For each 10 m x 10 m quadrat, the number of species and density of adult trees (>30 cm circumference at breast height: 1.37 m) were measured and identified. The range of uniform dispersion (77-89%) was greater than clumped di

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/influence-of-weather-variation-on-cropping-pattern-of-leh-district-of-ladakh-region/ 2015-07-21 2018-12-08 Introduction Leh is the largest district in the country with an area of 45,100 Km2. Agriculture is the prominent occupation of the rural folk of the district. Naked barley, locally known as ‘grim’ is the major food grain crop of the district. Wheat, pulse, oil seeds and other millets are also grown in scattered areas. Whole of the cultivated area is irrigated and the source of irrigation water is mainly streams originated from glaciers. Both diurnal and seasonal v

..]]> Leh district is situated between 32-36° N latitude and 75-80° E longitude with an altitude ranging from 2500 to 6000 m above mean sea level. Leh is the largest district in the country with an area of 45,100 Km2. Agriculture is the main occupation of the rural people of the district. Initial analysis of the data revealed that the acreage of wheat crop increased from 2003 onward. Notably, a simultaneous decrease in acreage of barley crop was observed. It is notice

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/growth-versus-storage-in-quercus-leucotrichophora-and-pinus-roxburghii-seedlings-in-responses-to-changes-in-nutrient-and-water-availability/ 2015-08-08 2018-12-08 Introduction During the extensive reforestation programmes, plantations of forest tree seedlings are being promoted in spite of their poor out planting performance. Among, initial seedling size or biomass of forest species has been related to post planting survival (Bargali and Bargali, 1999; Perez et al., 2007) to the ability to out compete other plant species and to the potential for new root production (Jobidon et al., 2003; Bargali and Singh, 1996). In addition, after disturbance, carbon

..]]> In this paper, growth and storage of carbon and nitrogen in seedlings of banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus) and chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) have been compared across different levels of nutrient and water availabilities. Four nutrient (144, 264, 384 and 504 mg of NPK fertilizer per kg soil) and three watering (21 days,14 days and 7 days interval) treatments were applied to seedlings. At low watering levels, seedling dry mass of both the species decreased towards higher nutrient

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/ecosystem-health-of-lake-tamrangabeel-bongaigaon-district-assam-india-with-special-reference-to-aquatic-insect-assemblage/ 2015-08-10 2018-12-08 Introduction Aquatic biodiversity is one of the most essential characteristics of the aquatic ecosystem for maintaining its stability and a means of coping with any environmental change.1,2 Aquatic insects comprise a taxonomically diverse and ecologically important group of animals. They are also known to play a very significant role in the processing and cycling of nutrients as they belong to several specialized feeding groups such as shredders, filter feeders, depositor collectors

..]]> This study investigated the ecosystem health of a floodplain lake, Tamrangabeel of Bongaigaon district, Assam, India using aquatic insects as bioindicator. The aquatic community of Tamrangabeel was represented by 37 species belonging to 19 families and 5 orders. Shannon –Wiener diversity index (Shannon Hꞌ) values were recorded less than 1 in all the sites of the lake which indicated perturbed condition of the lake. Order Hemiptera was found to be the largest order with highest num

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/leaf-litter-decomposition-of-two-central-himalayan-oaks/ 2015-08-19 2018-12-08 Introduction Decomposition refers to a biological process in which organically bound nutrients released in the form of free ions into the soil solution. Plants take up these nutrients from the soil, use them for metabolic process and return the nutrients through litter fall. Litter decomposition influence the nutrient dynamics of an ecosystem and serve as one of the input of nutrients in the forest ecosystem. It is estimated in a study that about 69-87% of the total annual requirement of esse

..]]> The study was conducted in two natural oak forest of Nainital (Uttarakhand) India, during 2012-2013 to determine the weight loss pattern in leaf litter of two Central Himalayan Oaks (i.e., Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus. and Quercus floribunda Lindl.) with the help of litter bag technique. The present study concluded that weight loss proceeded throughout the study period and relatively higher within 60 days after the placement of litter bags into the soil. Among these two species, higher weig

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/a-study-to-take-account-of-scientific-management-of-waste-generated-during-patient-care-by-general-practitioners-in-mumbai-city-india/ 2015-08-06 2018-12-10 Introduction Biomedical waste is the unwanted materials generated during diagnosis, treatment, operation, immunization and research activities. These wastes are potential source of infections namely  HBV, HCV, HIV, and tetanus. It has been estimated that around 1.45 kg waste is generated per patient per day in Indian hospitals (4.5 kg in developed countries).1 Out of this quantity about 15-20% of this total waste is hazardous,1 while in India the percentage might be much higher of la

..]]> It has been mentioned that scientific management of waste generated during patient care is essential as well as a legal liability  of the generator. Unfortunately, complacency and inadequate knowledge followed by practice for  waste disposal leads to various kinds of community and individual  health and environment issues which are detrimental to the human life. The present study is aimed to take an account of scientific knowledge and it’s practical applicabi

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/ambient-air-quality-assessment-with-particular-reference-to-particulates-in-western-part-of-jharia-coalfield-india/ 2015-07-10 2018-11-07 Introduction India is in the list of fastest growing countries of the world. India's energy needs are also increasing due to population and industrial growth for improving quality of living style. In India, coal is major input infrastructure industries for example Power plants, Steel plants and Cement industries. India’s 52% of primary energy is coal dependent1. 66% of India's power generation depends upon coal production1.   Fig

..]]> India is in the list of fastest growing countries of the world.  India's energy needs are also increasing due to population and industrial growth for improving quality of living style. In India, coal is major input infrastructure industries for example Power plants, Steel plants and Cement industries. India’s 52% of primary energy is coal dependent1. 66% of India's power generation depends upon coal production1.  Jharia Coalfield (JCF) is falling in

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/discourse-and-review-of-environmental-quality-of-river-bodies-in-india-an-appraisal-of-physico-chemical-and-biological-parameters-as-indicators-of-water-quality/ 2015-07-25 2018-12-08 Introduction Background The ecosystem comprises both biotic and abiotic components and the interactions between them. A well functioning ecosystem is integral to the existence of the living organisms. The ‘five basic elements’ central to the ecology is well stated in the Prasna Upanishad as “kshiti, jal, pawak, gagan, sameera; panch tatwa yah adham sharira”. This means soil, water, fire (energy), sky (space) and air, respectively, are integral part o

..]]> The present manuscript is an account of the studies conducted on some well known surface water bodies in India, with special emphasis on the river systems, to evaluate their quality status. The review covers the water quality estimation and identification of sources contributing to water quality deterioration. Commonly employed physicochemical and biological parameters as indicators of water quality have been thoroughly discussed. Some possible measures to prevent and control pollution of water

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/effect-of-fly-ash-disposal-on-ground-water-quality-near-parichha-thermal-power-plant-jhansi-a-case-study/ 2015-05-28 2018-11-05 Introduction Fly ash is a waste material generates on the combustion of coal in power station throughout the world. The increasing amount of fly ash being generated from thermal power plants can pose a serious environmental threat (Nalawade et al., 2012). Fly ash contains major elements like Silica, Aluminum and Iron with significant amount of Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorous and Sulphur (Ivanova et al., 2011; Aswar, 2001). It also contain trace amount of some heavy metals like Moly

..]]> Thermal power plant generates a huge amount of fly ash on combustion of coal which is becoming a major environmental issue. Thermal power plants are greatly facing a fly ash management problem. Open dumping of fly ash can deteriorate the groundwater quality by runoff. In the present investigation, the ground water samples were collected from nearby areas of Parichha Thermal Power Plant at six locations during the period of Jan 2014 to May 2014. The samples were taken to the laboratory and analyz

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/climate-change-and-project-risk-a-mutual-effect-in-case-of-electrical-tansmission-line-installation-project/ 2015-08-05 2018-12-07 Introduction Climate affects projects and is itself affected by the implementation of any large project. The climate effects are to be studied for developing this mutual relationship. The overall effect of this relation is crucial to be explored. The changes in the climate pattern are studied with respect to the change in the risk level introduced in the project. The study aims at developing the relationship between the climate changes and risk management. In most of the studies undertaken fo

..]]> The paper is based on the establishment of mutual effect of project risk and environmental/climatic changes. According to the studies present very few authors have studied the effect of these two phenomenons. The study collects the literature review on the works of various authors and decides upon the criteria for measurement of these project risk factors and climate/environmental factors. Then the study presents a statistical approach for development of relationship between the two. A survey is

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/impact-of-watersheds-in-bringing-change-in-the-farming-system-in-bastpur-of-morena-district-of-madhya-pradesh/ 2015-05-15 2018-12-07 Introduction Soil and water are the basic resources and these must be conserved as carefully as possible. The pressure of increasing population neutralizes all efforts to raise the standard of living, while loss of fertility in the soil itself nullifies the value of any improvements made. This calls for more systematic resource conservation efforts. It is well known to every farmer that it is the top soil layer, which sustains agricultural production. Once this layer is lost or eroded, nothin

..]]> The study was carried out in Bastpur micro watershed in Morena block of the Morena district of Madhya Pradesh during 2010-11.To assess the impact of watershed development programme in farming system. It could be found that the overall watershed development practices in the study area have positive and effective changes in agricultural area of bajra, and arhar , cropping productivity of gram and arhar, land use, use of land resources, water resources, and livestock due to increase in availability

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/characterization-of-surface-runoff-soil-erosion-nutrient-loss-and-their-relationship-for-agricultural-plots-in-india/ 2015-05-16 2018-12-07 Introduction The effect of agricultural practices on soil fertility is growing concern in many parts of the world. In the recent years, agricultural practices were increasingly shifted towards forest and very steep slopes of mountains for meeting the increasing demand of household food. The natural cycle of a watershed is usually altered whenever native vegetation replaced by agricultural plants; and leads nutrients to be easily transported by runoff and sediments. Intensive agriculture for h

..]]> The present study was carried out to explore the existence of relationship among rainfall, runoff, soil loss and nutrient losses from the agricultural plots located at Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India. The natural rainfall generated runoff and soil loss from the 12 agricultural runoff plots (with four land uses namely sugarcane, maize, black gram and fallow land and having slope 5%, 3% and 1% for each land use) were recorded during monsoon period (June 2013 to September 2013). The highest gr

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/assessment-of-groundwater-quality-using-gis-a-case-study-of-walayar-watershed-parambikulam-aliyar-palar-basin-tamilnadu-india/ 2015-06-26 2018-12-07 Introduction Groundwater resources are highly essential to the survival of human beings, particularly in areas where other sources of potable water are lacking. However, many sources of contamination contribute to the impairment of this precious resource. The major sources of spot and dispersive contaminants arising from human activities on the ground and penetration of these contaminants into the ground tend to reduce the quality of the ground water. Therefore, preventing the ground water fr

..]]> Good groundwater quality is essential for crop yield, soil productivity and environmental protection. Suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes is determined by its geochemistry. Groundwater geochemistry explains links between chemical composition of groundwater and subsurface geological and non-geological pollutants. Subsurface rock formations control the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. The ground water samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters l

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/study-of-some-physical-chemical-characteristic-properties-of-ground-water-in-the-villages-of-veeraghattam-and-palakonda-mandals-in-srikakulam-district-a-p-india/ 2015-07-04 2018-12-07 Introduction Water is renewable natural resource of earth and sustains the needs of all living creatures in the world1 and health depends on the availability of drinking water. It is considered a basic human right and a part of effective policy2 for protection of health. Groundwater is one of the major sources of drinking water in both urban and rural India and the quality comprises the physical, chemical, and biological properties of ground water. Quantity and Quality Management3 of groun

..]]> Human beings require potable water for drinking to keep them healthy. Clean, safe and adequate fresh water is vital to the survival of all living organisms. Drinking water affects the health of human beings due to the presence of various dissolved chemical constituents. Problems arising out of chemical constituents in drinking water are different from the problems of microbial contamination. Therefore, consumers should have at least minimum knowledge on quality of drinking water. People across t

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/bioremediation-potential-of-bacterial-isolates-for-municipal-wastewater-treatment/ 2015-07-22 2018-12-07 Introduction Water is one of the most important natural resource required to all living organisms. Its diversified uses include drinking, cooking, washing, irrigation and industrial activities (Rathore et al., 2014). Recently, water pollution is main problem because of uncontrolled urbanization which is due to sewage effluent disposed into water bodies and leads to the adverse effect on living organism (Tamil Selvi et al., 2012). Due to such problems the main global agenda is environmental ma

..]]> The potential of bacteria for the treatment of municipal wastewater was investigated in present study. Total eight bacterial isolates were used for this study that showed growth on wastewater agar medium. These isolates were identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical test and identified as Bacillus licheniformis NW16, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NS19, Pseudomonas sp. NS20, Planococcus salinarum NS23, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia NS21, Paenibacillus sp. NW9, Paenibacillus borealis NS3 an

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/modeling-spatial-pattern-of-salinity-using-mike21-and-principal-component-analysis-technique-in-urmia-lake/ 2015-07-13 2018-12-08 Introduction Urmia Lake is an internationally registered protected area in Ramsar contention by UNESCO as biosphere reserve in 1971 and 1976. Urmia Lake hosts about 212 different types of bird species and is the only habitat of Artemia Urmiana. In recent years, human activities such as river damming, excessive water withdrawals and construction of Shahid Kalantary causeway in the middle of the lake have adversely affected the natural regime and water salinity of the lake. Recent prolonged dro

..]]> Urmia Lake in the northwestern of Iran is a hypersaline water body and has become an environmentally important issue especially due to the presence of an infrequent aquatic species, Artemia Urmiana. During the last three decades, several considerable man-made changes including river damming and construction of a causeway across the lake affected the lake salinity. This article aims to propose a new approach of salinity modeling using a reduced-order model based on MIKE21 simulation model, in con

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/quality-assessment-of-drinking-water-from-dimapur-district-of-nagaland-and-karbi-anglong-district-of-assam-for-possible-related-health-hazards/ 2015-05-27 2018-12-07 Introduction Water has profound influence on human health.1,2 Every individual requires a minimum amount of water per day for survival and in other words without water life is just impossible on earth. Therefore human health broadly depends upon quantity and quality of water supplied to them.3 Thus whenever we talk about improvement of public health, the issues like accessibility of quality drinking water, microbiological quality of water, quantity of water available for mass populat

..]]> Quality of drinking water always remains a sensitive issue since contaminants like Arsenic, Fluoride in excess amount cause serious health hazards. Arsenic in drinking water causes harm to physical and mental health of a person and this may even cause cancer and damage to blood vessels and heart. This may also cause reproductive problems and birth defects.Several states of India are known to be effected arsenic contaminated water which leads to serious illness. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhnad, W

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/sustainability-reporting-practices-in-indian-mining-companies/ 2015-06-23 2018-12-07 Introduction Sustainability reporting is not limited to any specific country and is followed in both developed and developing countries. Over 80 percent of companies worldwide now publish sustainability reports (KPMG, 2008) and more than half of the world’s 250 largest companies issue sustainability reports (White, 2005). As a result, considerable research work has been devoted to examine the reason for their development and their relevance to improving their accountability towards

..]]> Nowadays sustainability reporting can be used for communication purpose in marketing and to show transparency of the company (Kolk, 2000). These types of reports published by organization to disclosed more information on non-financial performance. These report highlighted the company’s commitment towards stakeholders. Various industries throughout the world started disclosing non-financial performance (sustainability reporting) by using various different types of frameworks like Dow Jo

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/estimation-of-filtration-potential-of-an-effective-biosand-filter-for-removal-of-iron-turbidity-from-various-sources-of-water/ 2015-06-09 2018-12-10 Introduction In Many developing and under developing countries are facing water problems due to lack of clean supplied water. It is reported that more than 1.1 billion people are suffering health problems for consuming unsafe water.1,2 About 74% of India’s total population, currently about 1.25 billion, live in rural areas. More than one third of the water available to them is not potable. In a grim reminder that poor quality of drinking water leads to serious health problems.3&

..]]> A study has been conducted for designing, constructing and evaluating of an effective biosand filter. Different types of charcoal mixture such as bamboo, coconut and wood and carbon mat as an important filter media was used for the modification of biosand filter. The filter had seven layers with gravel, sand, carbon mat and charcoal which were responsible for filtration process. The filtered water analysed in every 20 min interval. The raw ground water pH was 6.12 while it passes through bamboo,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/rizipisciculture-an-improved-possibility-for-sustainable-development/ 2015-07-03 2018-11-10 Introduction Rizipisciculture, rearing fish along with paddy is a sustainable system involving concurrent harvesting of paddy and fish as a unit reaping multiple benefits. Paddy cultivation is a major agricultural operation in many of the northern, north-eastern and south-eastern coastal states of India. Large areas otherwise remaining unused because of water logging can provide natural habitat for various kinds of fish. Thus, the proposition of rearing fish and raising fish nurseries, in sp

..]]> Broad studies and researches on fish farming in rice field have enumerated various biological and ecological advantages; the most important being effective biological weed and pest control, reduction in pollution, and environmental sustainability. Other advantages include the increased ion contents of soil, expansion in leaf area and root network activity in rice plants, and help overcome protein deficiency in the diet of the rural poor. The other spin offs are fish excreta as manure and convers

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/evaluation-of-integrated-horticulture-cum-fish-farming-in-malwa-region-of-madhya-pradesh-india/ 2015-07-15 2018-12-10 Introduction The production system adopted during Green Revolution has been explorative and the natural resources like soil and water were subjected to exploitation, as a result sustainability of agricultural production system has been jeopardized. This suggests the integration of land-based enterprises viz. dairy, fishery, poultry, duckery, apiary, field and horticultural crops within the farm, with the objective of generating adequate income and employment for the small and marginal farmers

..]]> In India, the farming community accounts for 80% under marginal and small farmer’s category.1 Farmers under these categories are economically poor working in diverse, risk prone environments and with hardly sufficient to sustain their family. The declining trend in land holding per capita poses a serious challenge to the sustainability and profitability of farming. Considering the efficacy of this viable production system, the study was conducted in purposively selected ponds

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/analysis-of-physio-chemical-characteristic-of-the-roadside-polluted-water-of-national-highway-at-berhampur-cityodisha/ 2015-07-18 2018-12-10 Introduction The history of Human civilisation reveals that water supply and civilisation are almost synonymous. Water plays a vital role in our life. It is most abundant and useful solvent in nature, 80 % of the earth crust is covered with water. The quantity available for actual use in the form of rivers, lakes, and wells pond is hardly 0.5 % of the world water resources. Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation requires transport through vehicle as an essential part for development and pro

..]]> Physiochemical analysis of polluted water samples collected from vicinity of National Highway was carried out. Different parameters like pH, TDS, BOD, COD, DO and different heavy metals were determined by standard analytical methods. The result observed that the waste water pollution load is decreased when the distance increased from NH. Polluted water besides NH indicates high pollutant load. Polluted water with more pollutants not treated properly is act as source for other pollution like soil

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/physico-chemical-contamination-of-groundwater-in-and-around-industrial-areas-of-district-alwar-rajasthan/ 2015-05-30 2018-12-10 Introduction Water is one of the abundantly available substance in the nature next to air. Water is considered as a very dilute solution of number of chemicals essential for maintaining equilibrium in biochemical reactions taking place in all living organisms in order to maintain the physiology. Water quality as well as quantity crisis is the burning issue all around the world and raise a big challenge as the groundwater as use as drinking purposes become very scare in the world. Water scarci

..]]> Chemical behaviors of groundwater in various locations are one of the most dynamic fields of research in the present world. In the present study, groundwater sampling from four industrial areas viz. Matsya Nagar, Bhiwadi, Neemrana and Behror was conducted with an aim to assess the groundwater chemistry and the interpretation of the ‘water type’ was made using Hill-Piper and Wilcox diagrams. The chemical quality was assessed by examining the major cations, anions and other par

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/relative-performance-of-plant-cultivars-under-respective-water-deficit-adaptation-strategies-a-case-study/ 2015-08-07 2018-12-10 Introduction The performance of cultivars of any crop species has interregional variation under a given set of agro-climatic conditions and was estimated to be reduced by 69% on average when plants are exposed to unfavorable environment.1 Out of various environmental factors effecting the crop production and productivity, available water is the most crucial. Water deficit have negative impact on plant growth and reproduction due to its influence on many cellular and whole plant funct

..]]> All the plants exhibit tolerance to stress due to external environmental factors, but with inter-species variation in intensity. The objective of the study was to comparatively evaluate morphological and anatomical modification in different plant cultivars under similar water stress condition and their possible impact on physiological processes affecting their growth performance. The investigation was done in terms of morphological modifications, change in leaf anatomy, water status and producti

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/estimation-of-air-quality-in-the-opencast-mine-of-jharia-coal-field-india/ 2015-05-14 2018-12-10 Introduction Coal mining industry now uses modern technology with powerful and high capacity machinery so as to increase coal extraction capability at the cost of large amount of dust, gases, etc. spewed into the atmosphere, thereby degrading quality of air. These pollutants have harmful consequences not only on the mine workers, but also, depending on the meteorological conditions, on the human settlements, agricultural lands and live stocks in the nearby areas. Particulate matter is the

..]]> A systematic air quality assessment study was carried out at Rajapur opencast mine in Jharia Division as per standard guideline. The average concentration of SPM, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were observed to be in the range of 294 to 965μg/m3, 100 to 498 μg/m3 and 85 to 296 μg/m3 respectively. The SO2 and NOx concentration were in the range of 48.2 to 98.2μg/m3 and 32.8 to 149.39 μg/m3 respectively. The trace metals concentration in PM10, e.g., lead, nickel,

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/the-effect-of-involving-exceptional-outlier-data-on-design-flood-magnitude/ 2015-06-18 2018-12-10 Introduction Flood quantity is used in design of hydraulic structures, which are affected by hydrological events considering factors such as structural safety, lifetime and probable damage. This quantity is also called design flood. Calculating design flood for large dams is considered as one of the most important steps in dam engineering studies. Comparing the damages resulting from dam failure with the profits gained by constructing them and their optimize utilization shows the high sensiti

..]]> The term "outlier" is generally used to refer to single data points that appear to depart significantly from the trend of the other data. Outliers are classified into three types: incorrect observations, rare events resulting from essentially the same phenomena as the other maxima, and rare events resulting from a different phenomenon. Flood frequency analysis was first performed on complete data series (including the outlier) and then on the series with the outlier removed. Re

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/response-of-soybean-glycine-max-l-merrill-to-lime-based-integrated-nutrient-management-and-mulching-on-nodulation-nutrient-contents-and-yield-in-clay-loam-soil/ 2015-08-03 2018-12-10 Introduction Soybean being a high protein and energy crop and its productivity is often limited by the low availability of essential nutrients or imbalanced nutrition farming is one of the important constraints to soybean productivity in India. Hence a balanced nutrients application is must to harness the potential productivity of the crop. Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves the use of manures, bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to achieve sustained crop production and mainta

..]]> The present experiment was laid out in a randomized block design consisted of 6 treatments viz. (T1)-Absolute control,(T2 )-Farmer practice (50kg DAP/ha),(T3) RDF+ ZnSO4@25 kg/ha+ Ammonium Molybdate 1.0g/kg seed+ slacked lime@25Kg Ca(OH) 2 /ha,(T4)-RDF+ ZnSO4@25 kg/ha+ slacked lime@25Kg Ca(OH) 2 /ha +Rhizobium+PSB (@Each 5g/kg seed) +Ammonium Molybdate 1.0g/kg seed,(T5)-50%RDF+ ZnSO4@25 kg/ha +FYM  2.5 t/ha+ slacked lime@25Kg Ca(OH) 2 /ha + Rhizobium+PSB (@Each 5g/kg seed) + Ammonium Mo

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no2/effect-of-integrated-nutrient-management-and-mulching-on-growth-and-yield-of-soybean-glycine-max-l-merrill-in-clay-loam-soil/ 2015-08-10 2018-12-10 Introduction Soybean being a high protein and energy crop and its productivity is often limited by the low availability of essential nutrients or imbalanced nutrition farming is one of the important constraints to soybean productivity in India. Hence a balanced nutrients application is must to harness the potential productivity of the crop.Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves the use of manures, bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to achieve sustained crop production and maintai

..]]> The present experiment was laid out in a randomized block design consisted of 6 treatments. Taking the JS 95-60 as test variety in clay loam soil.  Analysis of soil and plant samples was done as per standard methods.The present experiment was laid out in the field No.52 at Research Farm of R. A. K. College of Agriculture, Sehore (M.P.) during Kharif season, 2013 & 2014 The experimental site having fairly uniform topography with normal fertility status. The effect of integrate

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