mail.cwejournal.org Current World Environment en-us https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/green-gdp-and-sustainable-development-in-malaysia/ 2015-03-25 2018-12-05 Introduction Economic growth basically refers to the real growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is computed as a sum of all final goods and services that produced within a period of time at market prices. It is measured by adding together a nation’s personal consumption expenditure, government spending, net exports, and net capital formation1. From sustainability perspective, GDP ignores externalities, specially the environmental externalities. In fact, it just measures what i

..]]> Sustainability has become an important concept in economic growth and development in the world. Malaysia, as a rapidly developing economy in Asia, has been able to achieve a positive economic growth; however, there is a big question: is it on a sustainable growth path? Due to weaknesses of traditional GDP in reflecting sustainability path, Green GDP as an indicator of sustainability could be implemented with adjustments in calculations. This paper aims to calculate the Green GDP for Malaysia. Th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/biotransportation-of-heavy-metals-in-eichhornia-crassipes-mart-solms-using-x-ray-fluorescence-spectroscopy/ 2015-04-02 2018-12-05 Introduction Aquatic macrophyte  are aquatic plants growing in or near shores; extremely important components of biotic communities; essential for oxygen production, nutrient cycling, water quality control, and sediment stabilization. They provide favourable habitats and shelters for aquatic life; considered as efficient accumulators of heavy metals and minerals (Vardanyan and Ingole, 2006). Due to these characteristics, such plants can be used successfully as biological monitors and

..]]> Biomonitoring study of heavy metals was done at pilgrimage freshwater ecosystems of Central Gujarat, India, to ascertain the degree of 17 metals. The study focused on the assessment of available metals in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms., collected from sacred palustrine habitat (Dakor Sacred Wetland – DSW) of Gujarat, to be used as a biomonitor (active) species, in comparison with sediment (abiotic monitor) for metal pollution. The results were obtained by analyzing elemental compo

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/groundwater-quality-assessment-in-jazan-region-saudi-arabia/ 2015-02-28 2018-12-06 Introduction Groundwater is the sole resource of drinking water in arid areas, which is also used in domestic consumption and irrigation1, 2. Information about groundwater occurrence and recovery is critical in the arid and semi-arid areas because of the poor yearly precipitations rate and over use of groundwater resources in these areas3,4. On the other hand, groundwater quality is dominant to use it as drinking water or in domestic uses and irrigations; its quality depends on different fact

..]]> Jazan province is an arid area, located at the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia along the Red Sea coast. Groundwater is the only resource of drinking water in this area; thus, its suitability for drinking and domestic uses is of public and scientific concern. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from 23 sites in Jazan area during fall 2014; measurements and analysis of water quality parameters including pH, total dissolved solids TDS, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, ammonia, nitri

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/a-framework-for-green-growth-and-socio-economic-development-in-malaysia/ 2015-01-29 2018-12-06 Introduction The common indicator of economic progress is growth in gross domestic product (GDP) which is computed as a sum of all final goods and services that produced within a period of time at market prices. Hence, a country could increase its GDP by depleting its natural capital. However, this growth would not be sustainable. In recent years, Malaysia has experienced rapid economic growth which key drivers of such growth are private consumption and investment, especially in the servic

..]]> The green growth or green economy concept presents opportunities for more inclusive growth while protecting the environment. Malaysia has experienced rapid economic growth with gross domestic product annual growth rate averaged 4.1% over the period of 2004-2013. However, the rapid economic development may lead to declining focus on social equality. In Malaysia, although poverty has been reduced in trend, it is still a challenging issue, especially in rural areas. Greening the economy could integ

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/physical-and-biochemical-characteristics-of-sharhabiel-reservoir-water-nw-jordan/ 1970-01-01 2018-09-06

..]]> The Article has been Retracted

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/assessment-of-mineral-composition-of-irrigated-water-from-different-wells-around-taif-city-saudi-arabia/ 2015-02-14 2018-12-04 Introduction Access to adequate water for irrigation is a matter of increasing concern all over the globe especially in arid and semiarid areas.1-4 People are using sewage for irrigation of agricultural land due to scarcity of fresh and underground water. The growing problem of water shortage has significant negative influence on economic development, human livelihoods, and improving the environment nature throughout the world4. To face the growing demand for irrigation water, non

..]]> The chemical composition of water collected from different wells in Ta’if city was evaluated in order to determine the suitability as a potable or at least for irrigation. This study indicated that most of the chemical parameters such as . Ba, Cd, Cr, Zn & Fe do not fall within the permissible limit. Anions varied greatly between water sampled collected from different wells. Cl- varied between 32 - 955 mg L-1,which is higher than EPA standards (200 mg L-1). NO3-2 ranged between

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/heavy-metals-concentration-in-discharged-textile-wastewater-of-bhaluka-industrial-area-mymensingh-bangladesh/ 2015-02-04 2018-12-05 Introduction In the modern world, environmental pollution has been recognized as one of the major problems. The activities of human society via industry influences biogeochemical cycles and this have led to various irreversible changes in our environment.1,2 As a result, undesirable effects of poor environmental circumstances on human health are mostly manifested in environment, predominantly in developing countries where urbanization, industrialization and rapid population growth ar

..]]> An investigation was made to ascertain heavy metals concentration in effluent samples collected from textile industries located at Bhaluka industrial area, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during August to November, 2013. Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) was used to evaluate the concentration of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb) in the samples. The study revealed that heavy metals were present in variable amounts, where the concentrations of Cu (0.0405 ppm)

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/effect-of-arbuscular-mycorrhiza-fungi-inoculation-on-growth-and-up-take-of-mineral-nutrition-in-ipomoea-aquatica/ 2015-04-07 2018-12-04 Introduction Horticultural cultivation is becoming a widespread in the south-east region of Bangladesh. Soils in this region have high levels of sand that cause P, Zn, and Mn deficiency. Increased use of chemical fertilizers to improve these deficiencies can adversely affect food chain, human health and the environment. A reduction of the fertilizers input together with selecting cultivars and species better adapted to these constrains is necessary to increase the sustainability of crop produ

..]]> A green house experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation on plant growth and uptake of mineral nutrition in Ipomoea aquatica considering the objective of using environmental friendly biofertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer. A common leafy vegetable plant Ipomoea aquatica was grown with mycorrhiza and without mycorrhiza for 42 days. After harvest the plants were analyzed for mineral nutrition concentration. Plant fresh weight, dry weight, macronut

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/determination-of-shadow-price-of-iran-electricity-market-using-the-fuzzy-electricity-generation-planning/ 2015-03-09 2018-12-04 Introduction For both power and electricity energy levels, electricity is a market which exchanges and deals electricity in regional, national, and international levels. Power price is regarded as the main economic indicator in the market for detecting the required investments made in various sectors. To gain higher revenue profits, the investors of this sector assigning higher prices to electricity. However, by entering the investors to sectors with higher prices, the restrictions and price

..]]> The present economies are so dependent on the electricity that even the short electricity outages cannot be tolerated. Decisions in Iran’s Electricity Grid are made on basis of the effective security of the units, which is rather distant from the price and market based planning. The present research was conducted to forecast the shadow price in Iran’s electricity market, for providing efficient tools for operators and transmitters of the market. Linear programming is among th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/effects-of-boiling-water-temperature-on-biofilm-formation-in-pti-community-potable-water/ 2015-04-18 2018-12-05 Introduction The recently observed high E.coli levels in blood samples of the residents of   the institute’s hostel accommodation have been of great concern. Coliform bacteria are traditionally used as indicator of E.coli contamination of drinking water source. Although the detection of coliform may not pose serious effect but its presence suggests that there are other disease causing organisms present or that there may be the development of a layer of bacteria (bi

..]]> This study investigated the effects of boiling temperature and associated physico-chemical parameters on the Petroleum Training Institute potable water and the possibility of biofilm formation in its delivery systems.  A total of 25 potable water samples were used for this study. The environmental parameters investigated were pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO1), / DO5, salinity, resistivity, total coliform bacteria (as an i

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/consequences-of-promoting-less-populated-rural-areas-to-urban-areas-a-case-study-bushehr-province/ 2015-04-20 2018-12-04 Introduction Urban and rural areas are two systems interacting in the regional development process (Liu & et al, 2013; Chen et al, 2010). Almost half of the world's urban population and about a quarter of the world's population live in village-cities (Satterthwaite & Tacoli, 2003). However, most researchers and policy makers have almost all been fascinated by the challenges and problems of large cities and metropolitan. rural planners and researchers have tradi

..]]> The modified law of Iranian Administrative divisions has greatly altered the pattern of settlement in recent decades. The promotion of rural areas to urban areas has shifted from mere population standard to combined population-administrative standards. However, all censuses suggest that many rural areas reported as smaller than the minimum population standard have been promoted to urban areas. In the last two decades, this is a clearly prominent phenomenon in the urban system of Iran. This paper

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/heavy-metal-concentration-in-some-common-spices-available-at-local-market-as-well-as-branded-spicy-in-chittagong-metropolitan-city--bangladesh/ 2015-01-26 2018-12-04 Introduction “Spice” can be identified as the dry part of a plant such as roots, leaves and seeds which give a share of food a certain flavor and pungent stimuli.1 The culinary herbs and spices that are used to enhance the flavor of vegetables, soups, stir-fry, and pasta dishes can be derived from the bark, buds, flowers, leaves, fruit, seeds, rhizome, or roots of a plant. By clubbing spices and condiments into one group the International  Origination For

..]]> A study has been conducted to evaluate some metal concentration of spicy from local market of Chittagong metropolitan city, Bangladesh. Total 30 spicy samples of red chili or chili red, coriander, turmeric were collected from five different spot (Khatungonj, Chakbazar, Muradpur, Baluchora, Amanbazar) under Chittagong metropolitan city and metal as Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe concentration was measured. Metal concentration in red chili, coriander, turmeric were found as increasing order as CuKhatungonj&am

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/distribution-and-current-status-of-the-reptiles-of-khirthar-protected-area-complex--kpac--and-adjoining-areas-in-districts-karachi--jamshoro-and-thatta--sindh-/ 2015-01-16 2018-12-05 Introduction The present studies were undertaken in some important areas for reptiles in Sindh viz. Khirthar Protected Area Complex (KPAC) and in Jhimpir area (Thatta District). The Khirthar Protected Areas Complex (KPAC) stretches over 4,350 km2, encompassing the Protected Areas (PAs) that lie in Kohistan area in the southwest of Sindh and it comprises of Khirthar National Park (KNP), the Mahal Kohistan (MKWS) and Hub Dam Wildlife Sanctuaries (HDWS), and the Surjan, Sumbak, Eri, and Hothiano

..]]> In this study, surveys were undertaken during 2008 – 2013, to record the distribution and status of reptiles of the area, during the study 41 species of reptiles were recorded. Twenty two important habitats for reptiles in the area were identified and listed. Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard (Saara hardwickii) was found to be under threat in its localized habitat in Jhimpir Wind Corridor block in Thatta district and Indian Fat–tail Gecko (Eublepharis macularius) was noted to have b

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/simultaneous-desalination-of-sea-water-and-electricity-production-with-new-membrane-technology-air-cathode-microbial-desalination-cells/ 2015-01-12 2018-12-04 Introduction In recent decades, water scarcity is a global problem. To protect fresh water  resources and supplies, a great deal of work has been done by humans(Goh, Ismail et al. 2013). If the current population growth trends continue, many populations over the coming decades will face water shortages. Currently, about 1 billion people in the worldwide do not have adequate access to drinking water. Also, about a third of the world's population lives in areas where water supp

..]]> Water and energy shortages, has increased the need for methods that can provide low energy for desalination of sea water. Microbial desalination cell is one of the most important of these methods. In this study we use air cathode MDC for desalination of seawater. The maximum voltage, power and current density was 607mV, 521mW/m2 and 858mA/m2 (25mM PBS) and 701mV, 695mW/m2 and 992mA/m2 (50mM PBS) respectively. During the period of the voltage generation in 50mM PBS was about 1.5 times of 25mM PBS

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/environmentally-sustainable-development-of-urban-settlements-in-india-a-framework-for-development-of-indicators/ 2015-01-13 2018-12-07 Introduction Background Study Review of Sustainable Development Indicator Initiatives Several International and National agencies across the World have been working towards formulating indicators of sustainable development at various levels since the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ got a major impetus after the ‘Brundtland Commissions’ Report in 1987. A review of the indicator initiatives across the world gives an insight into their conceptual

..]]> There have been numerous efforts worldwide at various scales (global/national/regional/local) in the field of development of sustainable development indicators, focusing on either one or all of its various dimensions, following the Rio Summit in 1992. However, India has fallen behind in the area of development of Sustainable Development Indicators and none of the Indian cities figure in the review of the IISD Compendium, the most comprehensive database to date to keep track of Indicators efforts

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/is-metal-contamination-a-health-risk-in-study-subjects-from-urban-vadodara/ 2015-01-24 2018-12-03 Introduction Metals are elements that form cations when compounds of it are in solution and oxides of the elements form hydroxides rather than acids in water. The contamination of metals like Lead, Mercury and Arsenic has been found to be detrimental to all the organisms. Metals are released through various sources leading to the contamination of air, water and soil. Metals are non-biodegradable and non-thermo degradable; they enter the human body system through the food chain and accumulate

..]]> Metal contamination of food is a major food safety concern emerging at global as well as national level. Air, water and soil are the major routes through which metals enter the food chain. Gujarat being the second most industrialized state of India and Vadodara having the highest number of chemical factories in Gujarat is at a higher risk of metal toxicity. Research has also been done to analyze metal contamination of raw food hence in the present study investigations were done on metal contamin

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/depreciation-in-ambient-air-quality-in-iron-ore-mining-region-of-goa/ 2015-01-27 2018-12-03 Introduction Iron ore mining is a major economic activity of Goa and it has evolved the economy of the State. Mining and quarrying contributed about 20.4 % of the GDP (gross domestic product) to the state’s economy.1 Mining activities, whether small or large, are inherently disruptive to the environment. The environmental deterioration caused by mining activities occurs mainly as a result of inappropriate and wasteful working practices. The magnitude of impact on a

..]]> Goa is one of the most famous international tourist destinations of the world. Export of Iron ore extracted from the midland of Goa is a major economic activity. However, there is a serious concern of air pollution due to iron ore mining activities. In order to assess the impact of mining activities on the environmental regime, the air quality depreciation index was adopted for this study due to its realistic and meaningful presentation of deterioration in ambient air quality. The index had been

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/role-of-ngo--s-in-solid-waste-management--a-study-in-different-municipalities-of-manipur--india/ 2015-02-03 2018-12-04 Introduction Growth of human population, increasing economic activities and raising standards of living generates more municipal solid waste which has become a serious environmental problem in the recent years. Increased urbanization and rapid industrialization along with changing lifestyles have created accumulation of huge amount of waste and garbage in the urban areas and the absence of proper disposal and recycling has led to severe environmental hazards. The problem is severed in urban a

..]]> The quantity of solid waste produced in city depends on the type of the city, its population, living standards of the residents and degree of commercialization and various activities prevailing in the city. The generation of waste mainly depends on the increase in population and the type of activity. Improper municipal solid waste management (MSWM) causes various health hazards and leads to environmental degradation. The present paper highlights the existing status of the municipal solid waste m

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/variation-in-groundwater-quality-with-seasonal-fluctuation-in-jharia-coal-mine-region-jharkhand-india/ 2015-01-03 2018-12-03 Introduction Water is an essential and vital component for our life-support system. Rapidly deleting of groundwater supplies as a consequence of continued population growth and industrialization threaten the quality of many aquifers in India. For evaluating the suitability of groundwater for different purpose, understanding the chemical composition of groundwater is necessary. Further, it is possible to understand the change in quality due to rock-water interaction (weathering) or any type of

..]]> Jharia coal mining areas is one of the most important coal mining areas in India. It is roughly elliptical or sickles – shaped, located in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand. For the assessment of groundwater quality, Twenty Nine groundwater samples were collected from Jharia coalfield. The pH of the analysed water samples is slightly acidic to slightly alkaline in nature in both the season. The quality assessment of groundwater shows that in general, the water is suitable for domestic purp

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/change-in-fishing-patterns-in-jammu-and-kashmir-provinces-of-j-and-k-a-comparative-study/ 2015-07-20 2018-12-05 Introduction Jammu and Kashmir is known as a tourist destination due to its munificence of blossoms and magnanimity of resorts, the state is holding huge water spread area of 57000 hectares approximately out of which about 24000 hectares are in the shape of lakes, marshy areas and reservoirs and 23000 hectares in the shape of river systems (Anayat and Arjamand 2013). These water bodies are home to various freshwater organisms of plant and animal origin serving congenial habitats for their wel

..]]> Jammu and Kashmir serves a congenial habitat for variety of fish species due to large number of cold water resources which has paved way for the development of fisheries sector in the state. The state has crossed 20.0 thousand tonnes of fish production because of modern aquacultural practices implied at both governmental and private levels. Kashmir province is a leading producer of fishes contributing more than 80% of the total production of the state while as Jammu on the other hand has also em

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/economic-evaluation-of-different-size-of-biogas-plants-in-chhattisgarh-india/ 2015-02-23 2018-12-03 Introduction The world today is seized with the problem of energy supply, shortage of cheap and efficient fuel resources, shortage of many other usable commodities and growing environmental problem. Fast depletion of fuels particularly oil, mass-scale of deforestation leading to a fuel wood crisis and the population explosion, all combine to emphasize the need for exploiting the unconventional sources of energy which could meet the way to improve the rural economy of the world growing numbers

..]]> In order to determine the working efficiency and economical size of biogas plants in respect of house hold cattle and family members, a study was carried out during 2007-08 in Chhattisgarh State, India. Fifteen blocks were selected randomly covering 117 biogas plants. Out of them, 99 plants (85 %) were found in working condition for which economic analysis was carried out. Survey results revealed that economically different sizes of biogas plants i.e. 2- 8 m3 were useful in the study area. On an

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/water-quality-index-wqi-approach-to-evaluate-the-water-quality-of-certain-tank-waters-of-tiptur-taluk-in-tumkur-district-karnataka-india/ 2015-03-11 2018-12-03 Introduction Surface water is undoubtedly not safe for drinking purposes when compared to ground water and therefore ground water is the main source of drinking water in rural areas and many urban areas as well. Even though surface water bodies are not direct sources of drinking water for humans, they have indirect impact on the quality and availability of ground water. Tanks are the sources for domestic and agricultural use in addition to recharging the ground water. Therefore, if the qualit

..]]> Evaluation of water quality using different parameters is complex and not easy to understand as it is variable by variable discussion. Water quality index is a single value indicator used to evaluate and present the water quality to the public and the related management in precise and understandable manner. Measured values of eleven physico-chemical parameters namely, pH, TDS, TH, Cl-,NO3-,SO42-,HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ were used to calculate WQI of six tanks in Tiptur taluk. The study was

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/technical-efficiency-of-shrimp-farming-in-andhra-pradesh-estimation-and-implications/ 2015-04-11 2018-12-04 Introduction Coastal shrimp aquaculture in a traditional form existed in Indian sub-continent for many centuries. During eighties the shrimp farming enterprise picked momentum and became a popular farming practice among coastal farmers. It was in the 1990 s, the economic liberalization process widened the scope of the commercial shrimp farming since it was arose an export oriented  activity. The government schemes and programmes fueled the growth in subsequent years and the shrimp fa

..]]> Shrimp farming is a key subsector of Indian aquaculture which has seen a remarkable growth in the past decades and has a tremendous potential in future. The present study analyzes the technical efficiency of the shrimp famers of East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh using the Stochastic Production Frontier Function with the technical inefficiency effects. The estimates mean technical efficiency of the farmers was 93.06 % which means the farmers operate at 6.94 % below the production frontier

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/phytoplanktonic-diversity-and-its-relation-to-physicochemical-parameters-of-water-at-dogarwadaghat-of-river-narmada/ 2015-03-16 2018-12-05 Introduction Plankton occupies the first link in the food chain and hence forms an important source of food for large aquatic animals. The primary producers are known to contribute significantly to the biological productivity of a water body besides mitigating the carbon cycle by photosynthesis and help to regulate temperature of the area of their prevalence. These are very sensitive to environment they live in and any alteration in the water system leads to the change in their communities in

..]]> Present study was undertaken to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplanktons with respect to the changes in various physico-chemical parameters of Dongarwada ghat of river Narmada Madhya Pradesh. The study was carried for a year from March 2010 to February 2011.The results revealed presence of total of 27 taxa of phytoplanktons belonging to 4 families were found in order of Chlorophyceae (47%) >Cyanophyceae (27%) >Bacillariophyceae (23%)>Euglenophyceae (3%)

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/phytoplankton-abundance-and-species-diversity-in-ranjit-sagar-wetland-punjab-india/ 2015-03-06 2018-12-05 Introduction Wetlands are directly or indirectly support life of millions of living beings. Human civilization has started on the bank of major rivers. But due to increased population and anthropogenic pressures, the conditions of the most of the wetlands have already deteriorated and will dilapidate further. In India the freshwater constitutes rivers, streams, lakes, wetlands, ponds and reservoirs. These freshwater bodies directly help in the growth of human civilization. The freshwater reso

..]]> Species diversity, dominance and abundance of the phytoplankton community of the Ranjit Sager Wetland were studied during June, 2012 to May, 2014 on monthly basis. The main aim was to provide information about overall phytoplankton diversity of this wetland. Phytoplankton samples were collected using phytoplankton net and preserved in 5% formaldehyde solution on the spot, then brought to the laboratory for further analysis. Algae belonging to Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae wer

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/assessment-of-cadmium-and-chromium-stress-on-growth-physiology-and-metal-uptake-using-mirabilis-jalapa/ 2015-04-15 2018-12-05 Introduction The development of industrialization and anthropogenic activities led to an increased accumulation of heavy metals, which results in contamination of soil.1 Generally, heavy metals are not biodegradable and therefore can sustain for longer time in environmental segments. Due to this bioaccumulative nature heavy metals may alter the food chain and cause various toxic effects on plants, humans and animals. In environment, the most common toxic metals are cadium, lead, mercury, arse

..]]> Phytoextraction potential of Mirabilis jalapa, with tuberous root having high ecological adoptability was studied in the present work. Different levels of cadmium and chromium stress on growth, physiology and metal uptake were studied using pot experiments. The experiment comprised of 5 dosages of cadmium and chromium with different test concentrations (TC) viz, TC1(0), TC2(25), TC3(50), TC4(75) and TC5(100) ppm, for the period of 45 days. Growth, physiological parameters and metal accumulation

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/resource-utilization-pattern-with-special-reference-to-fodder-and-fuel-in-village-shahdarah-sharief-district-rajouri-jk/ 2015-04-16 2018-12-05 Introduction Forests are deemed to be the green lung of the nation and act as important natural resource for rural livelihood in India, providing variety of products and services. The rural population in most of the developing countries depends mostly on forests mainly for fuel wood and fodder. The energy use pattern in rural India is changing with introduction of clean energy but traditional fuels including fuel wood, crop residue and cow dung still constitute the main source of household co

..]]> The present study was conducted to understand fodder and fuel utilization pattern in village Shahdarah Sharief, Rajouri, India. The common fodder types used were green fodder, top feeds, crop residues and tree leaves. The green fodder consumption was found to be highest (16.83 kg/day/family) while top feed was least utilized (1.10 kg/day/family). The major fuel types fulfilling the energy demand of local people in study area were wood, LPG and dung cake. LPG constituted the major share of consum

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/diet-of-tadpoles-of-microhyla-ornata-from-a-freshwater-system-in-rosekandy-tea-estate-cachar-assam-and-significance-of-conservation-of-aquatic-habitats/ 2015-02-27 2018-12-05 Introduction Anuran tadpoles are gregarious in nature (Saidapur, 2001). Knowledge of food and feeding behavior of the tadpoles is very essential for their successful breeding, as the early part of life history of amphibians is dependent on the availability of food items in the natural habitat (Sinha et.al., 2001) Dramatic declines in amphibian populations have been noted since 1980 from all over the world and is thus perceived to be one of the most critical threats to global biodiversity. A n

..]]> Anuran tadpoles are gregarious in nature and knowledge of food and feeding behavior of the tadpoles is very essential for their successful breeding and survival. Dramatic declines in amphibian populations have been noted since 1980 from all over the world and are thus perceived to be one of the most critical threats to global biodiversity. Microhyla ornata commonly known as Ornamented Pygmy Frog, belongs to Family- Microhylidae and is  widespread species occurring throughout South Asian

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/human-wildlife-conflict-in-the-forest-villages-of-barak-valley-assam-india/ 2015-04-18 2018-12-05 Introduction Biodiversity or wildlife-related conflicts are situations when wildlife comes into conflict with humans over common resources (Conover, 2002; Graham et al., 2005). According to Woodroffe et al. (2005), human-wildlife conflict is the phenomenon where conflicting situations arise between humans and wildlife in the form of crop raiding, livestock depredation, predation on managed wild animal species or killing of people. It is a serious issue that requires to be addressed urgently w

..]]> Man and animals are frequently coming into conflicts over habitat and food requirements and this is mainly due to expanding human population and loss of natural habitats. The problem has been identified as major challenge to the governments of many countries and is significant to many human communities. Forest villages are the most potent sites for this problem as these are the places where human needs intersect with those of the wild animals. There are 104 forest villages in Barak Valley which

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/analysis-of-rainfall-probabilities-for-strategic-crop-planning-in-raipur-district-of-chhattisgarh-state/ 2015-04-20 2018-12-05 Introduction Rainfall is the single most important factor in crop production programme particularly under dry lands areas. Of all the climatic factors, rainfall is of greatest concern to population in rainfed agriculture. The variation of monsoonal and annual rainfall in space and time are well known and this inter-annual variability of monsoonal rainfall has considerable impact on agricultural production, water management and energy generation. Analysis of annual, seasonal and monthly rainfa

..]]> Rainfall data of recent forty three years (1971-2013) of Labhandi station, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya Raipur, Chhattisgarh was analysed with the method of incomplete gamma probability. The data revealed that the average rainfall of labhandi station is 1202 mm spread over 61 rainy days. Out of this 1055, 68, 53 and 27 mm received from south west monsoon (June-September), north east (October-December), summer (March-May) and winter season (January -February) respectively. Proba

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/estimation-of-qualitative-and-quantitative-parameters-of-water-in-pendra-block-of-district-bilaspur/ 2015-04-16 2018-12-05 Introduction According to Akaninwor et al. (2007), pollution of freshwater bodies such as drinking waters, streams, lakes and ponds is mostly experienced as a result of industrial discharge, municipal waste disposal and surface runoff. These pollutants may be point source (those that reach water or the environment from a single pipeline or channel, such as sewage discharge) or non-point source (those pollutants coming from diverse sources, entering the environment from multiple venues). Indis

..]]> The subject matter contains estimation of qualitative as well as quantitative parameters of water of Pendra block which includes temperature, pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Hardness, Chlorides, Sulphates, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Solid content, Total Dissolved Solids from different sampling sites. The samples showed variation at different times which might be due to large amount of presence of pollutants present in the water.

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/physicochemical-propertieso-briquettes-from-different-feed-stock/ 2015-04-14 2018-12-05 Introduction With respect to global issues of sustainable energy and reduction in greenhouse gases, biomass energy as one of the key sources of renewable energy is boon as a potential source of energy in the future. In India generally agricultural residue such as rice husk, cotton stalks, soybean stalks, pigeon pea stalk, groundnut shell, safflower residue etc. are available in abundant quantity. It was reported that 15-50 per cent of the worlds primary energy used could come from biomass by

..]]> This study was undertaken to evaluate the Physico-chemical properties of eight  different types of biomass feed stock and their briquettes were studied among that some properties which are influence their storage and combustion properties like Equilibrium moisture content (EMC %) and Relative humidity (%). Equilibrium moisture content are found out by static equilibrium technique using aqueous glycerol solutions of different concentrations in the relative humidity (RH) range of 40 to 90

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/performance-of-laterite-soil-grains-as-adsorbent-in-the-removal-of-chromium/ 2015-02-24 2018-12-05 Introduction Since last 5 decades, environmental pollution due to rapid industrialization has created more modern problems. Industries have a large prospective to cause streams, river, lake and sea pollution, thereby causing increased addition of heavy metals into the environment (Sahu et al. 2009). Environment pollution by toxic heavy metals occurs through industrial, military and agricultural processes (Ajmal, Ali Khan Rao, and Siddiqui 1996).A serious threat that posed to the environment d

..]]> The present study aims to examine the efficiency of laterite grains (LG) and acid activated laterite grains (AALG) as an adsorbent for removal hexavalent chromium and ferric ion from synthetic wastewater, under laboratory conditions. Adsorption of hexavalent chromium and ferric ion from synthetic wastewater is examined by batch and column studies wherein it is found to be dependent on pH, Contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial adsorbate concentration. Percentage removal enhances with the inc

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/composting-of-calotropis-gigantea-leaves-in-presence-of-sheep-dung/ 2015-02-26 2018-12-05 Introduction To feed the ever-increasing human population we have to increase agricultural production using more concentrated forms of plant nutrients as chemical fertilizers but some adverse effects of chemical fertilizers on soil health and environment are also reported like application of ammonium sulfate produces acidic conditions (due to sulfuric acid), reaction of ammonia (produced from urea) with water produce alkaline (pH 11.0) ammonium hydroxide, both the situations kills microorgani

..]]> Calotropis gigantea is a plant grown almost everywhere and has no economic use. Leaves of Calotropis gigantea plants were composted with sheep dung. Composting conditions were maintained and samples were withdrawn at 30, 60 and 90 days of composting and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl1-, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. Results show that contents of these parameters changes with time and at 90 days nutrient rich compost

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/solanum-tuberosum-supplementation-for-biogas-production/ 2015-02-05 2018-12-05 Introduction Biogas technology is well known in the world for waste utilization. Wastes are being converted in biogas digester anaerobically by different groups of bacteria into valuable manure and gas is generated. The gas is used for a number of purposes. Factors affecting microbial activity governs the amount of biogas generated. Rate of microbial activity fluctuates with change in pH, temperature, nutrients supply, mineral contents etc. In India since the population of cattle is very larg

..]]> Production of biogas using animal dung is well documented. Nutritional supplement enhances microbial activity and ultimately results in increase biogas production. Solanum tuberosum (potato) is a vegetable crop grown in most parts of world. It is a rich source of carbohydrate starch and many minerals. Present experiment was conducted in 5L capacity glass digester bottles filled with mixture of buffalo dung and water at 5.3% total solids. A total of six sets were prepared, three as control and th

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/site-suitability-analysis-for-willow-tree-plantation-in-uttarakhand-using-gis/ 2015-01-31 2018-12-05 Introduction Most of the plant species in India are exploited for their commercial values with least or no consideration for their sustainable exploitation. Willow is one such species on which several local level livelihoods are dependent. As a plant, willow is used for in the manufacture of boxes, broom, cricket bats, cradle broads, chairs and other furniture, dolls, flutes, poles, sweat lodges, toys, turnery, tool handles, veneer, wands and whistles. In addition, tannin,&a

..]]> The objective of a present study was to evaluate the land of Uttarakhand for suitability of Willow. The study area located between latitude 28º43'N and 31º27'N and longitude 77º34'E and 81º02'E. and covers approximately 53,485 sq km. A suitability resulting from the overlay process of the identified theme layers has unique information of tree requirement on which the suitability is based. The identified theme layers include temp

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/rapid-bioassessment-of-magura-haor-floodplain-wetland-cachar-district-assam-india-using-aquatic-insects/ 2015-02-04 2018-12-05 Introduction Rapid bioassessment survey is the quick and easy method of analyzing water quality of any water bodies by using benthic macroinvertebrates community. Benthic macroinvertebrates are common inhabitants of freshwater systems and are also sensitive elements of aquatic biota (Alves et al., 2008). Therefore, changes in its taxonomic richness and composition are considered sensitive tools for perceiving alterations in aquatic ecosystems (Mance, 1987). Therefore, rapid procedures for ass

..]]> Investigation on the water quality of the floodplain wetland, Magura through rapid assessment survey using aquatic insects for the four seasons had been done during 2013-14. Aquatic insects were collected from the two sites and were identified up to family level. All together 5 orders (Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera and Diptera) and 21 families had been recorded from the wetland. 17 families from site 1 (Hemiptera- 7 families, Coleoptera- 4 families, Odonata- 3 families, Ephemerop

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/statistical-analysis-of-temperature-and-rainfall-trend-in-raipur-district-of-chhattisgarh/ 2015-01-31 2018-12-05 Introduction The rainfall and temperatures are the most important fundamental physical parameters among the climate as these parameters determine the environmental condition of the particular region which affects the agricultural productivity. Global warming/climate change is one of the most important worldwide issue talked among the scientists and researchers. One of the consequences of climate change is the alteration of rainfall patterns and increase in temperature. According to Intergover

..]]> The temperature and rainfall trends are analysed for meteorological data of Labandi station, Raipur district in Chhattisgarh, India over approximately last three decades stretching between years 1971 to 2013. The long–term change in temperature and rainfall has been assessed by linear trend analysis. The increasing trend in mean  maximum temperature (MMAX)  and total mean rainfall (TMRF) is confirmed by Mann-Kendall trend test. It is observed that in Raipur district o

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/genetic-variability-estimation-and-frequency-of-superior-progenies-in-advance-breeding-lines-in-desi-cotton-at-two-locations/ 2015-01-27 2018-12-05 Introduction Cotton, popularly referred as “White Gold”, is an important fibre crop of global importance, cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions of more than seventy countries. Its importance in our economy is reflected in terms of generating employment, and foreign exchange earnings. Cotton is the lifeline for about 60 million people, which includes farmers and workers involved in the cotton industry from processing to trading (Khadi, 2007). Global production of

..]]> Two hundred and two progenies were evaluated at two locations viz., Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri and Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad to estimate genetic variability and to identify superior progenies for seed cotton yield, yield contributing and fibre quality traits. The analysis of variance revealed presence of sufficient variability in the material for seven traits at both locations. High phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (G

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/assessment-of-ground-water-quality-in-rajajinagar-of-bangalore/ 2015-01-10 2018-12-07 Introduction Water is the most essential component for all living things. Living things cannot survive without water. It is one of the most essential constituents of the human environments. It is used for many purposes viz. drinking, irrigation, industrial water supply. It is also used for hydro- electric power   generation. The quality of ground water varies from one place to another along with the depth of water table .it also changes with seasonal variation and is primarily

..]]> Water borne diseases continue to be a dominant cause of water borne morbidities and mortality all over the world. Hence, drinking water needs to be protected from pollution and biological contamination. Ground water samples were collected from ten different sampling point in Rajajinagar area of Bangalore and analysed for water quality parameters viz. pH, total alkalinity, chloride, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/a-study-of-maximum-and-minimum-temperatures-trends-at-junagadh-saurashtra-region-of-gujarat-india/ 2015-01-08 2018-12-05 Introduction This problem worries the scientific community, as it could have a major impact on natural and social systems at local, regional and national scales. Numerous climatologists1 2; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),3-5 agree that there has been a large-scale warming of the Earth’s surface over the last hundred years or so. This warming up of the Earth during the 20th century brought with it a decrease in the area of the world affected by exceptionally cool t

..]]> This paper, therefore, attempts to study temporal variation in temperature over Junagadh (Saurashtra Region) of Gujarat, India, India, during the period 1980-2011. The long-term change in temperature has been evaluated by Mann–Kendall rank statistics and linear trend. An important aspect of the present study is the significant cooling trend in mean annual temperature, which is more predominant during winter season. The summer season also shows significant cooling trend due to slightly

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/assessment-of-sal-seedlings-and-herbaceous-flora-in-the-khairbar-plantation-of-sarguja-forest-division-chhattisgarh/ 2015-01-13 2018-12-06 Introduction The herbaceous species varies greatly along with the different micro climate [DS1] of the region.1,2,3 Herb layer contributes substantial role and responds quickly to changes in the environmental conditions. In landscapes with significant topographic heterogeneity, herb layer composition and diversity vary with gradients of microclimate, soil moisture, soil fertility4 and different kind of anthropogenic pressures.5,6,7 Herbaceous community also alters [

..]]> In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the growth performance of sal seedlings and also assess the diversity of herbaceous flora in the Khairbar plantation of Sarguja forest division during the year 2013-14. Study reveals that there are prominent variations in the height of the seedlings in Khairbar plantation. The root shoot ratio of seedlings ranged between 0.31 to 0.74. The total height of seedlings ranged from 24.00 to 90.00 cm. The girth of individual seedling ranged betw

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/assessment-of-phenolic-compounds-in-the-surface-waters-of-godavari-canal-andhra-pradesh-india/ 2015-01-14 2018-12-06 Introduction Phenolic compounds are ubiquitous in environment. Many of them are found in nature and found to be responsible for colour of many flowers and fruits.1 They are undegradable organic materials and pollute the natural ecosystem. They can arise from natural substance degradation, industrial activity and agricultural practices. They are found in wastes of synthetic resin, plastics, rubber-proofing, dye manufacturing and many chemicals.2 They are found to be toxic and

..]]> The present study was intended to determine the concentrations of phenolic compounds in surface waters of Godavari canal by molecular spectrophotometry. Samples were collected from fifteen sampling stations using grab sampling method for a period of four months (from November to February) at 10 day intervals. Total phenols in water samples were determined using molecular spectrophotometry after distillation, complexation with 4-aminoantipyrine and extraction into chloroform. The concentration of

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/physiochemical-properties-of-cotton-stalk-biomass-from-aricultural-residues/ 2015-04-18 2018-12-06 Introduction Progress and prosperity of nations depends mainly on energy. An availability and consumption level of energy is the best indicator of economic and social development. Use of crop residues for energy production has been propagated as a substitute for fossil fuels in industrialized countries. The available sources of fossil fuels are limited as well as the growing awareness of the unfavorable environmental consequences resulting from greenhouse gas emissions have reinforced the imp

..]]> The study was undertaken to investigate the properties of cotton stalk fuel from the agricultural residues. The whole cotton stalk plant is converted into shredded material with the help of cotton stalk shredder. The capacity of cotton stalk shredder machine is 218 kg/h. The proximate analysis of the shredded cotton stalk in terms of bulk density 34.92 kg / m3 moisture content 13.63 %, volatile matter 74.52 %, ash content (4.95 %, fixed carbon 20.53 % and calorific value of cotton stalk biomass

..]]> https://mail.cwejournal.org/vol10no1/assessment-of-water-quality-and-sources-of-pollution-in-down-stream-of-ukai-tapi-river-gujarat/ 2015-03-31 2018-12-06 Introduction The quality of water is a sensitive issue and it is affected by natural as well as anthropogenic processes. Increasing consumption and natural processes such as changes in precipitation inputs, erosion and weathering of crustal materials degrade surface water and impair their uses for drinking, industrial, agricultural and other purposes.1 The river water is contributed directly or indirectly for human welfare and aquatic ecosystem2 it is highly vulnerable to pollution

..]]> In the present paper an attempt has been made to study of physico-chemical parameters of downstream in Ukai, Tapi River (Gujarat). For this study the water samples were collected at monthly interval during December 2012 to November 2013 and important water quality parameters were analyzed. Study revealed that temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate-n, total hardness, fluoride, chloride, total alkalinity and sodium were within the permissible limits wherea

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